2024年山东省菏泽市高考英语二模试卷

2024年山东省荷泽市高考英语二模试卷

一、阅读阅读下列短文，从每题所给的八、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

1.17.5分)Oxford*sworld-classmuseumshouseraretreasuresfromthenaturalworldaswellasamazingartandhandicrafts.The

museumsarealsoavaluablestudyresourceforstudentsandacademics.

AshmolcanMuseum

Where:BeaumontStreet,0X12PH

When:10:00-17:00

TheAshmoleanMuseumishometotheuniversity'scollectionofartandarchaeology.Foundedin1683,itwasthefirstpublic

museumintheUKandisoneoftheoldestintheworld.

Particularlyrelevantto:AncientandModernHistory.

ww.ashmolean.org

HistoryofScienceMuseum

Where:BroadStreet,0X13AZ

When:12:00-17:00

Thisnuseumhousesanunequaledcollectionofhistoricscientificinstruments,includingEinstein'sblackboardandthefirst

culturesofthelifesavingantibioticPeniciIlin.

Particularlyrelevanttoallscienceandhistorycourses.

www.hsm.oz.ac.uk

OxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory

Where:ParksRoad,0X13PW

When:10:00-17:00

Themuseumhousesanimpressiverangeofscientificcollectionsofzoologcalandgeologicalsamplesinaspectacular

Victorianbuilding.

Particularlyrelevantto:Biology:EarthSciences.

ww.oum.oz.ac.uk

PitiKIversMuseum

Where:ParksRoad,0X13PW

When:10:00-14:00

TheRttRiversMuseumishometoarenarkablecollectionofman-madeobjectsfromal1partsofthework,Jamousforits

celebrateddisplaysanditsleadingrolencontemporaryresearch.

Particularlyrelevantto:ArchaeologyandAnthropology：HistoryofArt.

HYPERLINKhttp://www.prm.oz.ac.ukwww.prm.ox.ac.uk

(1)IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutPenicillin,whichwebsiteshouldyousurf?

»I'J(//】6页

A.www.hsm.oz.ac.uk.

B.www.oum.ox.ac.uk.

C.www.ashmolem.org.

D.www.prm.oz.ac.uk.

(2)WhatisPittRiversMuseumespcciaIIyrelatedto?

A.Artandarchaeology.

B.Undergraduatesstudying.

C.Historicscientificinstruments.

D.Collectionsofman-madeobjects.

(3)Thepurposeofthetextistogetpeopleto.

A.studyhistory

B.preservehcritage

C.visitmuseums

D.appreciatehandicrafts

2.(10分)Scienceisalwaysseenashard-coreandhardtounderstand.Butcouldyouimaginehundredsofpeople

beingattractedbythecoverofasciencemagazine?

TheachievementwascompletedafterWangYiziandhisteammadethecoverofanOctoberissueofStructure,aUS-based

Cel1Pressjournal.ThecovershowsaChineseinkpaintingthatvividlyshowstheprocessinwhichaspecia1enzyme(RfiJ)

invo1vedinthebiosynthesis(生物合成)ofanimportantorganiccompoundisactivated-thelatestbreakthroughbya

Chinesescientificresearchteam..AnotheroneofhispopularworksthatcarriesdistinctiveChineseelementsisa

compositeimage,describingascientstasthefolkgoddessNynwa,carryinghernewlydiscoveredcompoundtofilla

crackinthesky.

Whilestudyingchemistryatuniversit*,WangYizioftencameacrossaaexperimentalpreparationprocessthathehadto

explain,buttheamountoftextwastoolargeandabstract.Ashehadbeeninterestedindrawing,andrelatedsoftware

likePhotoshop,hedecidedtoturnhisgraphicsintoafineart.Hewentontostudy3Dgraphicssoftwareinorderto

betterdisplaythemicroscopicstructuresinhisfieldandimprovethepresentationofhispapers.

Itdidn'ttakelongbeforehisclassmatesandprofessorsnoticedhistalentsandaskedhimtohelpthemwiththeir

papers.Bywordofmoulh,morepeoplebeatapathtoWang'sdoorandwerewillingtopayforhisservice.Overthe

pastfouryears,WangandhisteamhavecomeupwithmorethanlO,000visualworksforacademicpapersacrossavariety

offields,manyofwhichhavemadetheirwaytotheworld'stopacademicjournals,includingNature,ScienceandCell.

“Everyscientificpaperisinnovative,andgraphicsareanessentialpartofscientificpapers,“Wangsays,adding

thatwiathetriestoachieveisanczplanationofmodelsormethods,toshowcaseexperimentalresults,visuallyprocess

dataorcomparedifferencesamongexperiments.

第2页/共16页

(1)WhfctplayaspecialroleinWang'sworks?

A.Fairytales.

B.Chireseelements.

C.Rickcolors.

D.Complexstructures.

(2)Wh£tcanwclearnaboutWangYixifronparagraph3?

A.HepreferredpaintingtoChemistry.

B.Hecevelopedusefulmappingsoftware.

C.HeFadanactivemindtosolveproblem

D.Hehudtroubleconductinghisexperiment.

(3)HowdoesWangmakeabstractpaperseasilyunderstood?

A.Byvisualizingthemvividly.

B.Byshowingthemaccurately.

C.Byexplainingthemindetail.

D.Byconstructingthemuniquely.

(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thepowerofart

B.Dilemmasofscience

C.MysteriesofChemistry

D.Inspirationfromscience

3.(10分)Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindDoctorDanielNadenuintheRalph'smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,

wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood,Henoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)andcheeseboxesina

mother*sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniancrealcheese.

Nadeaisayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebiscontributorstotherisingdiabetes(糖尿病)ratesamongchildren."InAmerica,

over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,*NadeautelIsher."Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.I

thinkueshouldtrytoreversethat.*Thsmotheragreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniand

cheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes,

Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases.butthatdocsnotmeanthat

dietcloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryi1Inesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietary

changes.Nevertheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:tha:the

salt.sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation'shighralesofobserity.

diabetesandheartdisease.

Byprescribing(开处方)nutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas"ShopwithyourDoc”,theyaretryingtoprevent,1imit

orevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveral

第3JI/KI6W

bagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit,Theybelieveteaching

peopleoboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethemcanoctuollytransformapatient'3life.Andbeyond

that,iImighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient*sfamily.

(1)WhydoesDoctorNadeauadvisebuyingwholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese?

A.They'reeasytomake.

B.They'replant-based.

C.They'redelicioustoeat.

D.They'reprocessedfood.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword*reverse*inparagraph2mean?

A.Tryout

B.Hckup

C.Takein

D.Turnaround

(3)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthepoweroffood?

A.Neutral

B.Dismissive

C.Doubtful

D.Pbsitive

(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Agoodcurefordiabetes.

B.Anewattemptoncooking.

C.Afood-as-medicineprogram.

D.Asimpletipondoingshopping.

4.(10分)Top-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感

知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept,Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.

Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytaking

ininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smelIs,andwaysthings

feelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwcpaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetimewe'dneverdoanythingelse,It

enablesustosimplifytheprocessbyreIyingoncontextandcurpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwcnotice,

Ifourbrainsdicin'temp1oytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus,Top-downprocessinghelpsusunderstand

whatoursensesareperceivinginourdailylives.Forexample,supposeyoureceiveanimporLanlletterbutafewdrops

ofwaterhaveruinedpartofthetext.Afewlettersindifferentworcsarenowjustsmudges(污迹).Yet,you'restill

abletoreadtheletterinitsentiretyusingtop-downprocessing.Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesin

whichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeof

第4页/共

readingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter,smessage.SeeawordL0*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouare

stillableluquicklyrecognizeLliewuidasLOVE.

Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions,

Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning,Ontheotherhand,patternscanalso

preventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways,Sowemayunderstandthepatternofhowtouseamobilephone,butifthe

manufacturercomesoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletelyuniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynotbeabletofigureout

howtouseit,Besides,asourknowledgeislimitedandbiased(片面的)incertainways,itcanleadtoperceptualerrors,

(1)Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingparagraph2?

A.Toexplainmainreasons.

B.Togivepracticalezaraples.

C.Todrawspecificconclusions.

D.Toanalysetheoreticalframeworks.

(2)Whatmaybethekeytounderstandingatextwithmissingletters?

A.Pre-existingknowledge.

B.Activeinteractions.

C.Fivephysicalsenses.

D.Lessonsfrommistakes.

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Seengisbelieving.

B.Practicemakesperfect.

C.Everycoinhastwosides.

D.Experienceisthebestteacher.

(4)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoaccordingtothetext?

A.Introduceareadingmethod.

RDpoponundorlyinEmoanings

C.Illustrateacognitivestrategy.

D.Clarifyaproducingprocess.

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

1.(12.5^)HowioFallBackinLovewithReading

Doyourememberthelasttimeyouspenttimcreadingbooksforpleasure?Intheageofdigitaldistractiona,itiseasyto

struggetofindthetimeandheadspacetogetlostinliterature.(1)Thefollowingtipswillhelpyoufal1inlovewith

readingagain.

(2)Whetherit'sathriller,romance,orevenanon-fictionbookaboutyourfavoritehobby,makesure

»SJ(/共IBm

youchoosesomethingthatwillholdyourattentionfrombeginningtoend.Ifyou'reunsurewheretostart,askyour

friendsorfamilyforrecommendations,checkoutonlinereviews,orbrousethroughyourlocalbookstoreorlibrary.

Setasidetimeforreadingbooks.Whcihcrit,s20minutesbeforebedtimeoranhouronyourlunchbreak,carving

outsonetimeinyourschedulewillmakeiteasiertositdownandread,Andifyoufindthatyoudon'thavemuch

freetime,trylisteningtoaudiobooks.(3)

Keepareadingjournal,Inyourjournal,youcanwritedownyourthoughtsaboutwhatyou'rereadingorgraffiti

picturesinspiredbythebook.(4)Thisisagreatwaytoengagewithwhatyou*rcreadingonadeeper1eve1and

afunwaytodocumentyourreadingjoumey.

Makereadingasocialactivity.Whetheryoustartabookclubwithyourfriendsorjoinanonlinereadinggroup,being

abletodiscusswhatyou*rereadingwithotherscanmaketheexperiencemoreenjoyable.(5)

A.Findabookthatinterestsyou.

B.Createapositivereadingroutine.

C.Butthatdoesn'tmeanreadingbooksisathingofthepast!

i).Bythisway,youcancasilyfitreadingintoyourbusy1ifcstyle.

E.Plus,it'sagreatwaytogetreconmendationsforwhattoreadnext!

F.Theothersinyourbookclubmayconefromdifferentbackgrounds.

G.Itdoesn'thavetobeveryinvolved,justacoupleofsentencestojogyourmemory.

二、语言运用阅读下面短文，从每题所给的hB、C、D四个选项中选出可以侦入空白处的最佳选项。

1.(15分)OnceI'dreachedretirementageIspentalotoflimetravel1ingLodistantcountries,ardafterseeinga

documentaryonMountKilimanjaro,IthoughtperhapsIshouldgiveita(1).

When(made(2)withmyfavoritetravelcompany,Iwastoldtheiragelimitforthe(3)was80,andasIwas

79atthetimpIrealizeditwasaquestionofnowornev^r!I(4)upandth。dat。IwasgivenmoantthatifIcould

makei?tothesummit(顶峰)，I'darriveonthedaybeforemy80th(5).WhenIarrivedinTanzania,Africa,I(6)

agroupofsevenladicsandeightgentlemen,al1ofwhom1couldsecwerehalfmyage.IcouldalsotelIfromthe(7)

thatthemaninchargewouldhavebeen(8)withoutme,andhegavemestrict(9)toalwayswalkimmediately

behindtheleader,Inoticedtoothathe'daskedtwoofthegrouptokeepaneyeonme,astheywere(10)checking

toseeifIwasOK.

Forthefirstthreedayswehadexcellentweather,andhourafterhourwetrudged(跋涉)inline,withoccasional(11)

Jortoletandsnacks.However,halfwaythroughdayJour,thebosssuddenlyshondedmynamefromtheendofthe1inc,

andwhenI(12)inresponseheyelled,“Norman,youaresummitmaterial!*

第6页/共16页

Fromthenon,noone(13)onme,andondayfiveweallreachedthesummitandthen(14)tothe

peak.InspiLeofihefactLlialmybiilhdaywasadayaway,everyonestoodLogeLhei-andsangHappyBirthday

ToYou,Youcouldsaywe'dbecomea(15).

(1)A.runB.reachC.walkD.go

(2)A.inquiresB.commentsC.forecastsD.friends

(3)A.hikeJ.cycleC.climb).ride

(4)A.pickedB.signedC.caught).grew

(5)A.birthday工celebrationC.anniversary).ceremony

(6)A.formed工examinedC.obtained).joined

(7)A.endB.s:artC.courseD.result

(8)A.angrier工crazierC.happierD.busier

(9)A.instructionsB.dead!inesC.conversationsD.conditions

(10)gradually工constantlyC.reluctantly).exeiledly

(IDA.chances5.huntsC.hopes).breaks

(12)i\.lookedupB.camebackC.turnedroundD.hungout

(13)A.checkedB.dependedC.called).blamed

returnedB.progressedC.deliveredD.reacted

(15)4.classB.committeeC.clubD.family

第7页/共16页

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(15分)Thecomplicatedartofneedle-piercedframeworklesslanterns,(1)wasrecognizedasanational

culturalheritageinChinain2006,isatraditionalcraft(2)(date)backtotheTangDynastyinthePotan

AncientTown,XianjuCounty,ZhejiangProvince.

Thistechniqueinvolvespasting(粘贴)andshapinglayersofpapertocreateuniquedesigns,(3)puncturing(刺

破)thelanternsurfacetoformpatternsandallowlighttoshinethrough,Unliketraditionallanternstylesthat

usuallyrelyonbambooorwoodenframes,thismethodfashionspatternsanddesigns(4)theneedforany

framing.

Everydelicatepatternoftheseframelesslanternsis(5)(careful)craftedusingatinyembroidery(绣

花)needle.Eachsquarecentimelerofpaper(6)(demand)around100needlepumetures.Dependingonthe

lantern'ssize,(7)numberofpuncturescanvaryfromseveralhundredthousandtoover1million.(8)

(patient)isthusvitalforcraftsmen.

Inthepast,everyhouseholdherewouldcraftlanternsfortraditionalChinese(9)(festival)likethe

SpringFestival,theLanternFestivalandtheMid-AutumnFestival,Lanterns(10)(1ovs)assymbolsof

goodfortuneandprosperity.

三、写作

L(15分)假定你是李华，英国友好学校的师生正在你校访问，请以“绿色校园”为主题用英语写一篇短文，介绍你的校园。内

容包括：

(1)开展的绿化活动：

(2)推荐代表性景观。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为80左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dearfriends,welcometoourschoo..

That'sall.Thankyou.

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

1.(25分)Iwasnearlytuenty-two,abouttograduate,andunsurewhichtofollow-----myheadandmylong

interestinnaturalscience,ormyheartandmypassionforphotography.Ajobatthemuseumwouldbethesafe

choice.OrIcouldtrytopursueacareerinarchitecturalphotography,eventhoughIhadnospecific

第85(/共16页

traininginthefield,Ilongedtolandthatjob.

Iaskedtheadvisor,JohnSmith,torecommendsomeonequalifiedtogivemeanobjectiveopinion.Hisreply:*

SeeBenjaminMoskowitz,afamousarchitect,NYC,Goodluck."

DuringtheSpringbreakIbookedacheaproomandtookthetraintoNewYorkCity.Athisofficeonthetwenty-

thirdfloorIaskedthereceptionistforMr.Moskowitz,*1thinkMr.Moskowitzhasalreadyleft,Miss.Iknowhewas

planningalongweekend,Didyouhaveanappointment?*...

Shesighedandaskedmynameandtoldmetowaitwhileshetriedtoseeifhemightstillbethere.Ipacednerrous1y,

thinkingthatmytimeandmoneyandmybestchanceforanexpertopinionhadbeenthrownaway.Thereceptionistranghis

office：noanswer."Sorry,butitlookslikeyou*reoutofluck,MissWhite,*shesaid.

Whyhadn'tIplannedthisbetter?Calledforanappointment?Takenanearliertrain?HowcouldIhavemadesucha

mistake?Iwasclosetotears.

Justthenatall,gray-hairedman,beautifullydressed,strode(阔步)throughthereceptionarea,Thereceptionist

signaledmeandmouthed,*That'shim,“Ididn'thesitate."Oh,Mr.Moskowitz!*1calledout."Justamoment,sir,please!I'd

liketospeaktoyou.”

Heglancedathiserpensive-lookinggoldwatchandkeptwalking,*Sorry,Ihaveatraintocatch,*hesaid

straightforward,"Idon'tbelieveyouhadanappointment."Ihurriedafterhimtowardtheelevator,“Iapologize,sir,

butIwastoldtotalktoyouandtoshowyousomephotographs.,

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150左右：

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Mr.Moskowitzglancedatit,impatientlyatfirstandthenmorecarefullyasecondtime.

Paragraph2:

Onehourlater,Iwalkedoutofhisofficewithgreatconfidenceandexcitement._

第9页/共16页

2024年山东省荷泽市高考英语二模试卷（答案&解析）

一、阅读阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

L（D细节理解题。根据HistoryofScienceMuseum部分中Thismuseumhousesanunequaledcollectionofhistoric

scientificinstruments,includingEinstein'sblackboardandthefirstculturesofthelifesavingantibiotic

Penicillin.（这个博物馆收藏了无与伦比的历史科学仪器，包括爱因斯坦的黑板和拯救牛•命的抗牛.素青密素的第一次培养）以及

www.htm.oz.ac.ukwww.hsm.ox.ac.uk。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据

PittRiversMuseum部分中Particularlyrelevantto:ArchaeologyandAnthropology;HistoryofArt（特别相关:考古

学和人类学：艺术史）可知，皮特里弗斯博物馆与艺术和考古特别相关。故选A。

（3）目的意图题。根据第一段Ox/ord'sworld-classmuseumshouseraretreasuresfromthenaturalworldaswellas

amazingartandhandicrafts.Themuseumsarealsoavaluablestudyresourceforstudentsandacademics（牛津的世界

级博物馆收藏了来自自然界的稀有珍品以及令人惊叹的艺术和手工艺品。博物馆也是学生和学者宝贵的学习资源）可知，这篇文章

的目的是让人们去参观博物馆。故选C.

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个博物馆的情况。

2.（D细节理解题。根据第二段ThecovershowsaChineseinkpaintingthatvividlyshowstheprocessinwhicha

specialenzyme（fi§）involvedinthebiosynthesis（生物合成）ofanimportantorganiccompoundisactivated-the

latestbreakthroughbyaChinesescientificresearchteam,Anotheroneofhispopularworksthatcarriesdistinctive

Chineseelementsisacompositeimage,describingascientistasthefolkgoddessNyuwa,carryinghernewly

discoveredcompoundtofillacrackinthesky.（封面展示了一幅中国水墨画,生动地展示了一种参与重要有机化合物生物合

成的特殊酸被激活的过程一一这是中国科新团队的最新突破。他的另一幅带有鲜明中国元素的受欢迎作品是一岫合成图像，将一位

科学家描述为民间女神纽瓦，带着她新发现的化合物填补天空中的裂缝。）可知，中国元素在王的作品中起着特殊的作用。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Ashehadbeeninterestedindrawing,andrelatedsoftwarelikePhotoshop,hedecided

toturnhisgraphicsintoafineart.（由于他对绘画和Photoshop等相关软件很感兴趣，他决定把自己的图像变成美术。）可

知，王一锡有一个积极的心去解决问题。改选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Everyscientificpaperisinnovative,andgraphicsareanessentialpartofscientific

papers（每一篇科学论文都是创新的，图形是科学论文的重要组成部分）可知，王一锡是通过生动地可视化它们受抽象的论文容

易理解的。故选A。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第二段ThecovershowsaChineseinkpaintingthatvividlyshowstheprocessinwhichaspecial

enzyme（IW）involvedinthebiosynthesis（生物合成）ofanimportantorganiccompoundisactivated-thelatest

breakthroughbyaChinesescientificresearchteam（封面展示了一幅中国水墨画，生动地展示了在一种重.要的有机化合物的生

物合成中，一种特殊酶被激活的过程一这是中国科研团队的一项最新突破。）nj■知，文章主要讲述了王一锡和他的团队制作了《结

构》杂志10月号封面，该封面显示了一种重要的有机化合物的生物合成中涉及的一种特殊酶

flllOX/共18页

被源浩的过程，这是甲国科研团队的一项最新突破。因此本文的政住称题是c.MystenesofChcmslry（化学之语）。故选C.

【解析】本文是•篇说明文。本文主要饼述了王•锡和他的团队制作了《结构》杂志10月封面，该封面显示了•种中.要的有机化合

物的生物合成中涉及的一种特殊酪被激活的过程，这是中国科研团队的一项最新突破。

3.（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetes（糖尿

病）ratesamongchildren,“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,“Nadeautellsher.*Andonly5

percentofourfoodisplantbasedfood,Ithinkweshouldtryto坦色笆_lhal（纳多说糖和加工食品是儿童精尿病发病率上升

的主要原因。”在美国，超过5联的食物是加工食品，”纳多告诉她。“我们的食物中只有5%是植物性食物。我认为我们应该努力扭转这

种局面）可知纳多博士建议购买全谷物通心殁和真正奶酪，因为它们是植物性的。故选B。

（2）猜测词义题。根据第二段"Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood,Ithinkwcshouldtrytoreversethat,“

ThisnotheragreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandLomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthe

doctor,zerofordiabetes.（"我们的食物中只有能是植物性食物。我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面。“这位母亲同意为孩子们尝试

更多的果汁，并制作真正的通心粉和奶酪。灰生得一分，糖尿病得零分。）可知reverse的意思是“扭转”。A.hyout尝试;B.B.Eck

up捡起来;C.Takein欺骗;D.Turnaround扭转。故选D。

（3）观点态度题。根据第三段Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthat

doesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryi1Inesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietary

changes.（研究结果越来越多地显示了食物治疗或逆转疾病的力量，但这并不意吹着饮食本身总是解决问题的方法，也不意味着每种疾病

都可以从饮食变化中受益。）可知作者对食物的力量持中立态度。故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第三段Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorrcversediseases,butthat

doesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryi1Inesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietary

changes.（研究结果越来越多地显示了食物治疗或逆转疾病的力量，但这并不意吠着饮食本身总是解决问题的方法，也不意味着每种疾病

都可以从饮食变化中受益。）可知这篇文章主要是关于•个食品换药品的项目。故选C。

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了用食物（医学）来作为治疗糖尿病，肥胖症和心脏病的方法。

4.（1）写作意图题。根据第二段Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment,Ourfive

sensesarcconstantlytakingininformation,Atanygiventime,wcareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,

sme11s,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem,Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesal1thetimewe'dnever

doanythingelse.Itenablesuslosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourprecristingknowledgetounderstand

whatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn'ten.ploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.（处理在我们与环境的互动中

起着重要作用。我们的五官不断地接受信息.在任何特定的时间，我们都会体验到不同的景象、声音、味道、气味，以及当我们触摸它们

时的感觉。如果我们一直关注我们的每一个感官，我们就不会做任何其他事情。它使我们能够通过依赖上卜文和我们预先存在的知识来理

解我们注意到的内容，从而简化过程。如果我们的大脑不采用自上而下的处理方式，我们的感官就会压倒我们。）可知，作

笫U页/共】6页

者写第2段的目的是解释自上而下处理的主要原因。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearardyourknowledge

ofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter'smessage.SecawordI.O*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyou

ares:illabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.（你使用出现污迹的单词和句子的上下文以及你的阅读知识来理解信件信息的

含义。看到一个单词LO*E,其中一个字母遗漏了，但你仍然能够很快认出这个单词是爱。）可知，理解缺失字母的文本的关键是预先存在

的知识。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimpIifyingthewaywe

comprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheir

meaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.Sowemayunderstand

thepatternofhowtouseamobi1cphone,butifthemanufacturercoircsoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletely

uniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynoIbeabletofigureouthowtouseit,Besides,a