2024年河南省高考英语模拟试卷（一）

2024年河南省信阳高级中学高考英语模拟试卷（一）

第一部分阅读理解第一节川阅读下列短文，从每期所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.

1.(7.5分)InSeptember,thousandsofmonuments,civicbuiIdingsandprivatehonesthrowopentheirdoorstoofferarare

glimpseofnormallyof-limitsspaces.Herearesomeless-knowntreasuresaroundtheUK.

GuidedlourofGladstone'sLibrary,Hawarder.

GladsIone'sLibraryinHawardenwillberunningspecialtoursaspartoftheOpenDoors-Walesfestival.Itwasbuiltasa

memorialtoprimeministerWiliamGladstope,lakeatourofbeautifulReadingRoomshousing150,000books.

September16,10am-2pm,bookingrequired.

BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgow

TheatsosphericBritanniaPanopticonwillbeshowingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsandcostumes,

SampleVictorianiternsattheworld'soldestsurvivingmusichal1withoutbooking.

Seplcmlxfr15and16,11um_5pmandSeptember17,12pni-5pm

GothicTemple,StoweGardens

VisitorstoSIoweGardenswillbeofferedararechancetoseeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.Thoughit'snormally

rentedasaholidaylet,itscircularroomsardmosaicceilingswillbeopentoprebookedvisitorsforoneweekend.

September16and17.10:30am-4:30pm.freeofcharge

AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity

AspartofScotland'sDoorsOpenDaysfestival,EdinburghUniversityfsAppletonTourerwillbeofferingtoursoftheworld

leadingSchool,includingavisittothestudysuiteonLevel9whichoffersfar-reachingviewsoftheEdinburghskyline.

September23,11am-2pm.bookinginadvance.

(1)WhatcanvisitorsdoatBritanniaPanopticonMusicHall?

A.Theycanappreciatetheatre-relateditems.

B.Theycanlistentotheoldestsurvivingmusic.

C.Theycanvisitastudyroomwithfar-reachingscenery.

D.TheycanreadinReadingRoomswith150,00。booksinstore.

(2)Whichofthefollowingwi11appea1toarchitectureJans?

A.GothicTemple.StoweGardens.

B.BritanniaPmopliconMusicHall,Glasgow.

C.GuidedtourofGladstone,sLibrary.Hawarden.

D・AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity.

笫i艮/MI7K

(3)WhatdoGuidedtourofGladstone'sLibraryandAppletonTowerhaveincomnion?

A.Theybothlastforfourhours.

B.Theybothrequireearlyreservations.

C.Theybothhonorworldfamousfigures.

D.Theybothofferspecialviewstovisitors.

2.(10分)ThefirsttimeatortoisewalkedthroughmyhutatMiddleCamponAldabraAtoll,Iwasamazed.Igrabbedmy

cameraandcarefullypositionedmyselftotakethiswildlifeencounter.Thesecondtime:samething.Thethirdtime:I

pickedupmyphoneandtookasnapshot.Bythefouithorfifthtime.Ididn'tevenlookwhenIfeltsomethingbump

intome,Iknewwhatitwas.

IwastheretoshootastoryabouticlandrastorationintheSoycholles,farofftheeastcoastofAfricaintheIndian

Ocean,Lnlilroughlythemiddleofthepastcentury,thesmallislandnalionshowedsignsofrealenvironmentalbilling

一localvegetation-clearedtomakewayforcoconutplantations,foreignratsandmicerunninguncontrolled,na

liveseaturtlesandgianttortoisesbeingexploited,Biodiversityseemeddestroyed,Butthenthecountryexperienceda

shiftirconservationawareness-andthegiantAldabratortoisesareamongitsmostvisiblesigns.

EverymorningwhenIwokeupandwalkedojtsidethehut,IhadtoremindmyselfthatIhadn'ttraveledbackintime.I

couldseeflightlessAldabraraiIs,coconutcrabsthesizeofdinnerplates,andgianttortoises—rough1yfourfeet

longandweighingupto550pounds-justwanderingaround.Thenumberofsharksinthebaywascrazy.Frigatebirdsand

bootbios(蜂鸟)nestedinthemangroves(akindoftree).Whenwcleftourhutdoorsopen,whichweoftendidtolotin

air,thetortoiseswouldwalkrightthrough.

Inthelateafternoonorearlyevening,wheneverthey'dfinishedeating,thetortoiseswoulddropthemselvesden

andfallasleepwiththeirheadsoutstretched.Thatmadenighttimetripstotheouthouseperilous.Togetthere,

we'dhavetogo200feelintothemangroves,negotiatingwhat1calledthetortoisesialomtrail.

Ilwasatrackwithoutapattern,becauseofcoursetheypickeddifferentplacestosleepeverynight,Avoidingthem

wasimpertant:Fallingheadfirstoveratortoiseontothesharpcoralrockcouldleadtoseriousinjuryonanislandfar

frommecicalfacilities.

NothingwaseasyonAidabra,andmuchofitwasinsanelydifficult^Yetlivingamongthetortoisesinthisprimordial

place,inoneofthelastspotswherereptilesstillrule,wasoneofthehappiesttimesofmy1ife.

(1)Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisfinalmeetingwiththetortoiseinhisroom?

A

A.Calm

B.Excited

C.Concerned

D.Disturbed

第2页iA170i

（2）WhatmadethewiIdlifeontheislandsufferduringthelastcentury?

A.Introducingforeignspecies.

B.Killingtoomanyratsandmice.

C.Plantinglotsofcoconuttrees.

D.Repairingthebuildingontheisland.

（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?

C

A.Tostresstheimportanceoftheirwork.

B.Tointroducehowlargethetortoisesare.

C.Topresenthisdailyroutineontheisland.

D.Toshowhowthewildlifeisdiverseontheisland.

（4）Whatnightbethesuitabletitleforthispassage?

D

A.Islandfillswithcurioustourists.

B.Aidabracallsforwildlifeprotection.

C.Tortoisesruleonthisisolatedislandagain.

D.Effortsarcmadetoprotecttheenvirorment.

3.（10分）LaughingtogetherisanimportantwayJorpeopletoconnectandbond.Thoughthecausesoflaughtercanvary

widelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingtodifferent

cultures.Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefeelingslikeenjoymenttonegativeones

suchasdisgust.Butwhataboutaniinalsotherthanhumans?Dothey*laugh*,arxlarethecausesoftheirlaughtersimilar

tothoseofhumanlaughter?

Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchersconside

ruchsotndstobeananalogueofhumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplaysoundtoseehowcommonit

wascimorganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat*laughed"whileplaying;mostweremammals（哺乳动物but

afewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Thisnewanalysiscouldhe.pscientiststotracetheevolutionary

originsofhumanlaughter,accordingtoalewstudy.

WhenSashaWinkler,adoctoralcandidateofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.LosAngeles

（UCLA）,previouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques（恒河猴），shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted（喘气）quietlyuhile

playing.Manyotherprimates（灵长类动物）arcalsoknowntosoundduringplay.However,reportsofplayfullaughter

werenulablyabseilIitisLudiesdescribingfish,aiuphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereissotuequestiejiias

towhetherornotplayexistsatallinthoseanimalgroups.

583a/KlTJK

Pyroclasticflowsarethedeadliestvolcanicdisaster,inpartbecauseofthepressurestheycause,Duetotheir

violentnature,researchersoftenhavetoevaluateaveragepressuresintheflowsusingcomputersimulations(模拟)

basedonmeasurementsofgeologicdepositsleftbypastflows.

AtMasseyUniversityinPalmerstonNorth,NewZealand,researchersfreednixturesofhotrock,ashandgasdowna

channeltocopyvolcaniclands1idesknownaspyroclasticflows.Thesepyroclasticfloushaveaninnerrhythm(节奏)that

makesthemespeciallydestructive.Todirectlystudytheinnerworkingsoftheseforcesofnature,Lubeandcolleagues

reproducedsmallerversionsoftheflowsinexperiments,measuringthedestructivepower.Thatlettheteamcalculate

thepressuresinsidetheflows.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedthefirstmeasurementsofpressuresinnaturalflows,

collectedin2019,whenpyroclasticflowsburstfromtheWhakaarivolcanoandswallowedasetofsensors.

Totheresearchers,surprise,pressuresintheflowsshookrhythmically,Thesepressurepulseswouldsuccessively(连

续地，接连地)damagebarriers1ikeblowsfromanelectricdri11,Lubesays,Thepulsessometimessmashedmorethan

threetimesashardastheaveragepressureevaluatestypicallysuggestedbyconventionalsimulations.

(1)Whydoresearchersusecomputerstosinulatepyroclasticflows?

A.Tofindouttheirinnerrhythm.

B.Toevaluatetheirviolentnature.

C.Tofigureouttheiraveragepressures.

D.Tocopythesceneofvolcaniclands1ides.

(2)Whatdoesthefourthparagraphfocuson?

A.Howlopreparesimulationexperiment.

B.Howlocarryoutthesimulationezperiment.

C.Whytoconductthesimulationexperiment.

I).Whytomeasuretheinnerrhythmofpyroclasticflous.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smashec"inParagraph5mean?

A.Crashed.

B.Bombed.

C.Conflicted.

D.Increased.

(4)What'sthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AWei1-knownLands1ide.

B.TheDeadliestVolcanicDisaster

C.MoreDestructivePyroclasticFlows.

I).APyroclasticFlowsSimulationExperiment

第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

«17«

1.(12.5分)Doesthissituationseemfamiliartoyou?YourEnglishisprogressiigwell,thegrammarisnowfamiliar,

therearingramprehensionisnnprohlpm,mdyonarespeakingqiiifpfluently.(16).

First,ofall,rememberIhalyouarerotalone,Listeningisprobablythemostdifficultjobforalmostall

1earnersof'Eng1ishasaforeignlanguage.Themostimportantthiigistolistenasoften

aspossitle.17.ThelnternetisreallyauseftltoolforEnglishstudents.Youcandown1DadTheRea]P1ayerfromRealMedia,com.The

RealPlayerallowsyoutousetheInternetlikearadiostation.

Onceyouhavebeguntolistenonaregularbasis,youmightstillbefrustratedbylimitedunderstanding.(18)_

HereissomeoftheadviceIgivemystudents:

Acceptthefactthatyouarenotgoingtounderstandeverything.

Stayrelaxedwhenyoudonotunderstand,andtrylisteningtothematerialformoretimes.

Donottranslateeverythingintoyournativelanguage.

•(19).Don'tconcentrateondetailsbeforeyouhaveunderstoodthemainideas.

Listentosomethingyouenjoy.

Iremembertheproblems1hadinunderstandingspokenGermanwhenIfirstwenttoGermany.Inthebeginning,whenI

dicin,tunderstandaword,IinsistedontranslatingiIinmymind.Thismethodusuallyresultedinconfusion.(20)___.

Firstly,translatingcreatesabarrierbetweenthelistenerandthespeaker.Secondly,mostpeoplerepeatthemselves

constantly.Byremainingcalm,1noticedthatevenifIdidnotpaymuchattentionIcouldusuallyunderstandwhiit

thespeakerhadsaid.

AWhatshouldyoude。

B.Listenforthegeneralideaoftheconversation.

C.Butyoucan'tfollowanativeEnglishspeakeratall!

D.Butlisteningisaproblemformostofthebeginners!

E.So,whatyouneedtodoistofindlisteningresources.

F.However,afterseveralweeks,IgotusedtothenewenvironmentinGermany.

G.Then,afterthefirstsizmonths,Idiscoveredtwoextremelyimportantfacts.

第三部分语言运用第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选打可以填入空白处的最隹选项。

1.(15分)Pvelovedtakingpicturessincemyparentsgavememyfirstcameraatage10.WhenIwas14,myfriendSandi

taughtnohowtoboa(1).Thirtyyearslater,I(2)aproblem.Ir2005,theretina(视网膜)inmyrighteye

detached(脱离).Evonaftera(n)(3)aproblem.In,myvisioninthateyewas(4).Fortunately,wi:hmy*

good*lefteye,Icouldstilltakephotosforfun.Iretiredin2012,excitedatlasttodiveintophotographyinabig

way.I(5)magazinesandwantedtohareoneofmyphotospublished.In2014,Sandipassedaway.Herdeathreminded

methat1ifeis(6)andmademeevenmoremotivated

第61ft/共17tH

inmyphotography.However,astormmay(7)fromaclearsky.Theyearbeforelast,theretinainmyleft

pypalsodctachodandThada(n)(8)surgery.TwastprrifipdthatIwouldandupnparlyblind.(9).

whentheeyeblindfoldcameoff,1couldstillsee.

Thesis-month(10)___finallycametoanend.Ipickedupmycameraagainandcapturedthehidden(11)with

sharpereyes.Ieven1earnedto(12)myphotoswitheditingsoftware.OnFather'sDay,I(13)mydada

photoIcreated.Hewas(14).Evenbetter,thephotowas(15)inamagazine!Mydreamhascometrue

atlast!

/共

(1)A.photographer工designerC.surgeon).director

(2)A.tackledJ.encounteredC.discussed).explained

(3)consultationB.introductionC.surgeryD.examination

(4)A.unusualB.abnormalC.idealD.clear

(5)A.subscribedtoJ.cooperatedwithC.approachedto).handedin

(6)A.potentialJ.perfectC.precious).worthwhile

(7)disappearkariseC.spread).result

(8)emergencyJ.alternativeC.correction).plastic

(9)A.StrangelyB.ClearlyC.ExpectedlyD.Luckily

(10)A.operationB.recoveryC.experimentD.exploration

(11)secretB.valueC.treasureD.beauty

(12)polish工advertiseC.track).upload

(13)awardedJ.brought1presented).recommended

(14)shockedJ.ashamedC.worried).satisfied

(15)recordedkcollectedC.published).evaluated

第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

加8箕ZMI7R

1.(15分)Biilain,srecord40ctemperatureswillbenormalwithin30years,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudywarns

thatextremeheatwaveswillincrease(1)morethan30percentinthecoiningyears.They(2)(fuel)

bytheburningoffossilfuels<mdotherhum&nactivities,accordingtoscientists.Tuesdaywastheholiesteverrecorded

intheLK,whichservosasanearlyproviewof(3)climatcJorecastorsbelievewi11betypicalsummerweatherin

2050.

WiIdfireshaveswepttheUS,wheremorethana(4)___(three)ofthecountryisunderheatwarnings.Now(5)____analysis

ofatmosphericcirculationpatternsandgreenhousegasessuggeststhecrisisis(6)(bad)thanfeared.Itisbased

ondatafromjustoverayearagowhennearly1,500people(7)(die)asaveragetemperaturesintheUSandCanada

morethandoubled.

*Anextraordinaryand(8)(erpect)heatuavesueptwesternNorthAmericainlateJimeof2021.Itresulted

inhundredsofdeathsandamassivedieoffofsea(9)(creature)offthecoastaswel1ashorriblewildfires,

"sayscientists,ComputerdataJoundgreenhousegasesarethemainreasonforincreasedtemperaturesinthepast

andwillbelikely(10)(become)themaincontributingfactor.

笫四部分写作第一节

L(15分)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Pctor询问你高三的学习情况及准笛选择的大学专业，请就此给他回复•封邮件.

注意:

(D写作词数应为80左右；

(2)请按娟下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearPeter,

Yours,

LiHua

第二节

I.(25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

In1989,1wasawayfrommyhomeinMalaysiaattendingtheUniversityofKansasintheUSA,Ifoundanadvertisement

forasummerjobasaprogrammeratUlminwhatwasthenWestGermany,Isubmittedmyapplicationandgotaninterview.

WhatmacemepleasedwasthatIwasofferedthejobaftertheinterview.Ithoughtitwasagoodopportunitytoseepart

ofanewcontinent.

BothMalaysiaandtheISAemergedfromBritain,sowehavecommonstandardsforthewaymanythingsaredone.

Naturally,IexpectedthingsatUlmwouldbedifferent-----bigthings,likelanguageandculture-butI

第9支/Ml-fi

neverexpectedsmallculturaldifferenceswouldaffectme.Forexample.Iwassurprisedthatlittlethingslikehow

doorsfitintodoorframesweredifferent,Thebreadwasalsoverydifferent,Whileitwasfunatfirsttoeatthevarious

kindsoffood,aftersometimeIlongedforthewhite,squareandsoftbread1wasusedto,Andthebigthingsw?renot

thatbad:thefolksinthecityofUlmmostlydidn'tspeakEnglishwellbutwereveryfriendlyandhelpful.

Oneofthesesmalldifferences,however,trippedmeupearlyinmystay.Thefirstfewdays,myemployerputm?upin

abed-and-breakfasthotel.ThenIfoundasmallstudioapartmenttorent.ItwaseveningbythetimeIgotsettledin,

Sincetherewereall-nightgrocerystoresintheUSandgrocerystoresinMalaysiawereopenlateatnight,Imadea

habitofgoingouttobuysomefoodandothernecessitieslikesoapfortheshover.Buttoraysurpriseandhorror.every

singleshopwasclosed!Iwasalonewithnofoodoranyotherkindofnecessaryiterns.Iwanderedaroundhopelesslyin

thestreetforawhile.

注意，

(D续写词数应为150左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答“

ThenIsawauniversitystudentwithwhomItalkedaboutmyexperience.

Alhishome,1foundthathedidnotpossessmuch.

JfilOH/ttlTjf

2024年河南省信阳高级中学高考英语模拟试卷（一）（答案&解析）

第一部分阅读理解第一节“阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

1.（1）细节理解题。根据小标题BritanniaPanopticonMusicHall,Glasgou下的TheatmosphericBritanniaPanopticonwillbe

showingoffitscollectionoftheatricalrelics,propsandcostumes,SampleVictorianitenisattheworld*soldest

survivingmusichallwithoutbooking.（气氛浓厚的不列颠尼亚圆形监狱将展示其收藏的戏剧文物、道具和服装。在世界上现存最占

老的音乐厅里品尝维多利亚时代的物品，无需预订）可知，在BriianniaPanopliconMusicHall可以欣赏与戏剧有关的物品。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据小标题GothicTemple,StoveGardens下的VisitorstoStoueGardenswillbeofferedararechanceto

seeinsidethe18thcenturyGothicTemple.（斯托花园的游客将有机会一睹这座18世纪哥特式神庙的内部风貌。）可知,GothicTemple,

StouroCardons的建筑奇特，会吸引建筑爱好者.故选A.

（3）细节理解题”根据小标题GuidedtourofGladstone,sLibrary，③warden下的September16,10am-2pm,bookingrequired.（9

月16日1t午10点至下午2点，需预约）以及小标题AppletonTower:SchoolofInformatics,EdinburghUniversity下的September

23,11an-2pin,bookinginadvance.（9月23U上午11点至下午2点，提前预订）可知，这两个景点的共同之处是都需要预约。故选B.

【解析】本文是应用文。9月，成千上万的纪念碑、市政建筑和私人住宅敞开大门，让人们难得地•睹通常限制空间的风采，本文介

绍了四座英国鲜为人知的建筑。

2.这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在印度洋群岛I-与海龟共同度过的快乐时光。

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Bythe.Jourthoi'fifthtime,Ididn'tevenlookwhenIfeltsomethingbumpintome.

Iknewwhatitwas.（到第四次或第五次，有东西撞到我时，我甚至不去看了。我知道它是什么）可知，作者最后几次在房间遇到4龟甚至

都不去看，对此已经司空见惯，由此可推知，作者内心是“平静的”。故选A项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中Untilroughlythemiddleofthepastcentury,thesmal1islandnationshowedsignsofreal

environmentalkilling-----localvegetation-clearedtomakewayforcoconutplantations,foreignratsandmicerunning

uncontrolled,nativeseaturtlesandgianttortoisesbeingexploited.（直到大约上世纪中期,这个小岛国才展示出环境杀戮的迹

象--为椰子种植园让路，当地的植被被清理，外来老鼠失控地洞地电，当地海龟和巨龟枝开发）可知，是由于椰子种植园，当地仙野生生

物才遭受损失。故选C项。

（3）推理判断即。根据第三段EverymorningthenIwokeupandwalkedoutsidethehut,1hadtoremindmyselfthat1hadn't

traveledbackintime.IcouldseoflightlessAldabrarails,coconutcrabsthesizeofdinnerplates,andgianttortoises

-rough1yfourfeellongandweighingupto550pounds-justwanderingaround.Thenumberofsharksinthebaywas

crazy.Frigatebirdsandbooks（蜂鸟）nestedinthemangroves（akindoftree）Whenwoleftourhutdoorsopen,which

weoftendidtoletinair,thetortoiseswouldwalkright

BliW/M17W

through.（每天早晨，当我醒来走出小屋时，我不得不提醒自己，我并没有回到过去。我可以看到不会飞的阿尔达布拉秧鸡，餐

盘大小的椰子嫂，还布•大约四英尺长，重达550磅的巨型陆龟，它们四处游荡。海湾里鲨鱼的数贷多得惊人。军舰鸟和蝶鸟在红树

林（一种树）筑巢。当我们把茅屋的门打开时（我们经常这样做是为了让空气进来），乌龟就会直接进来）可推知，本段主要是为了展

示岛上野生生物的多样性。故选D项。

（4）标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一句Yet1ivingamongthetortoisesinthisprimordialplace,inonecfthe

lastspotswherereptilesstillrule,wasoneofthehappiesttimesofmylife.（然而，在这个原始的地方，在爬行动物

仍然统治的最后一个地方之一，与乌龟生活在一起是我一生中最快乐的时光之一）可知，文章主要讲述了作者在印度洋Aldabra群

岛上与海龟共同度过的快乐时光，Aldabra群岛是被爬行动物占领的原始地方之一，所以C项“海龟统治孤立的岛屿“适合作本文标

题。A.Islandfillswithcurioustourists.岛上挤满了好奇的游客;B.Aldabracallsforwildlifeprotection.阿尔达布

拉呼吁保护野生动物;C.Tortoisesruleonthisisolatedislandagain.乌龟再次统治了这个孤岛;D.Effortsaremadeto

protecttheenvironment.人们努力保护环境。故选C项。

3.（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Inhumans,laughtercanexpressarangeofemotionsfrompositivefee1ingslike

enjoymenttonegativeonessuchasdisgust（在人类中，笑可以表达•系列的情绪，从积极的感觉，如享受到消极的感觉,如厌

恶）可推知，人类的笑声可能出现在人们讨厌某事的时候。故选。

（2）词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子以及前句Manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasant

socialnteraction,Researchersconsidersuchsoundstobeananalogueofhumanlaughter（许多动物在玩耍时发出的声

音是愉快的社会互动所特有的。研究人员认为这种声音analogue人类的笑声）:以及下文Theteami加ntificd65speciesthat

*laughed"whileplaying;mostweremantna1s（哺乳动物）,butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughter

l。。颂尢小组确定了65种动物在玩耍时会“笑”，其中大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑）可知，许多动物也会发出类似于人类

笑声的声音。由此可知，划线词analogue表示"类似的东西”，MSomethingcommon常见的东西；B.Somethingsimilar类似的

东西;C.Somethingsymbolic象征性的东西;D.Somethingattractive吸引人的东西。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中的However,reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,

amphibiansandreptiles,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplaycristsatallinthose

animalgroups（然而，在描述鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物的研究中，显然没有关于嬉戏的报道，这可能是因为这些动物群体中是否

存在玩耍的问题）可推知，一些动物群体的笑声报道较少，因为玩耍并不是它们的一种明确行为。故选B.

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Butwedohavethesemiquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportant

areaforfuturestudy（但我们确实发现了人类笑声的这些独特部分，这也是未来研究的重要领域）可知，未来对笑的研究函.点可

能是人类笑的不同特征。故选此

【解析】本文是•篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果.

4.（1）推理判断题。根据第三段Duetotheirviolentnature,researchersoftenhavetoevaluateaveragepressuresin

theflowsusingcomputersimulations（模祖）basedonmeasurementsofgeologicdepositsleftbypastflows.（山于它

们的暴力性质，研究人员经常不得不使用基广过去流动留下的地质沉积物测量值的计算机模拟来评估流动中的平均

M2®/共17页

（2）（r）

（2）段落大意题.根据第四段AtMasseyUniversityinPalmerstonNorth,NewZealand,researchersfreeclmizturosofhot

rock,ashandgasdownachanneltocopyvolcaniclandslidesknownaspyroclasticflows.Thesepyroclasticflowslavean

innerrhythm（节奏）thatmakesthemespeciallydestructive,Todirectlystudytheinnerworkingsortheseforcesof

nature,Lubeandcolleaguesreproducedsmallerversionsoftheflowsinexperiments,measuringthedestructivepower.

Thatlettheteamcalculatethepressuresinsidetheflows.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedthefirstmeasurementsof

pressuresinnaturalflows,collectedin2019,whenpyroclasticflowsburstfromtheWhakaarivolcanoandswalloweda

setofsensors.（在新西兰北帕默斯顿的梅西大学，研究人员将热岩、火山灰和气体的混合物释放到一条通道中,以复制被称为火山碎

屑流的火山山体滑坡。这些火山碎屑流有一种内生的节奏，使它们特别具有破坏性。为了直接研究这些自然力的内部运作，Lube和同事在

实验中复制了较小版本的水流，测量破坏力。这上研究小组可以计算气流内部的压力。研尢人员还分析了2019年收集的自然流压力的首次

测量结果，当时火山碎屑流从Whakaari火山爆发并吞噬了•组传感罂。）可知，本段在描述研究人员进行模拟实验的具体步骤和运用的设

备和方法，因此第四段的主旨是介绍如何进行模办实验。故选

（3）猜测词义题.根据最后一段Thesepressurepulseswouldsuccessively（连续地，接连地）damagebarrierslikeblowsfroman

electricdrill,Lubesays.Thepulsessometimessmashedmorethanthreetimesashardastheaveragepressureevaluates

typicallysuggestedbyconventionalsimulations.（Lube说,这些压力脉冲会像电钻冲击一样连续破坏屏障。脉冲有时被粉俨的力度

是传统模拟通常得出的平均压力的三倍以上。知划线词所在句表示脉冲有时碰撞的压力是常规模拟实验中估计的平均压力的三倍以.匕

故划线词的意思是“撞击”。八.Crashed撞击：B.Bombed爆炸;C.Conflicted冲突;【）.Increased增加。故选A。

（4）标题归纳题：根据笫二段Laboratoryandfieldmeasurementsshowpulsesofhighpressure（高压脉冲）