2017-2018学年高中英语（人教版）选修八作业单元学考测评5

Unit5单元学考测评(总分：150分时间：120分钟)(见学考测评卷P25～P30)第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwouldthecustomerlikehersteakdone?A.Welldone.B.Rare.C.Mediumwell.答案：B2.Howmanyyearsofworkingexperiencehasthemangot?A.Twoyears.B.Threeyears.C.Onlyoneyear.答案：A3.HowisTonygoingtocelebratehisbirthday?A.Tovisitapark.B.Tohaveabigmeal.C.Toseeamovie.答案：B4.WhenwillrainleavesforBoston?a.m.：15a.m.B.12：15a.m.C.11：50a.m.答案：A5.WhatdoesLindamean?A.Sheisveryhardworking.B.Shehasaspecialtalentforgardening.C.Sheispooratgardening.答案：B（共15小题；每题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheroomrateforonepersonpernight?A.30dollars.B.20dollars.C.210dollars.答案：A7.Howdidthewomanpayforherroomrate?A.Incash.B.Bytraveler'scheck.C.Bycreditcard.答案：B听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhydidnotShellyfeelwelltoday?A.Shedidnotsleepwelllastnight.B.Shecaughtacold.C.Shehadahighfever.答案：A9.Whenwillthenewshiftworksystembeintroduced?A.Nextweek.B.Nextmonth.C.Tomorrow.答案：B听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatkindofbusinessisLindagoingtostart?A.Apanyprovidingtechnologyconsultingservices.B.Apanyprovidinglawservice.C.Apanyprovidinginformationservice.答案：A11.WheredidLindaraisehermoney?A.Beingpartnerwithherfriends.B.Beingpartnerwithheruncle.C.Beingpartnerwithhercolleagues.答案：B12.WhatdidLindadotocutdownonexpenses?A.Shechangedhergarageintoanoffice.B.Shemadeheremployeesworkattheirownhomes.C.Shetriedtofinishherworkatherclient'sofficeasmuchaspossible.答案：A听第9段材料，回答13至16题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Motherandson.C.Classmates.答案：C14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthelecture?A.Itistoofasttotakenotes.B.Itistoodifficulttounderstand.C.Itistooboringtolistentocarefully.答案：A15.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestiontothemanbeforetakingthelecture?A.Spendseveralminutestoscanthematerial.B.Haveafewwordswiththelecturer.C.SurftheInternetformoreextramessages.答案：A16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoafterthelecture?A.Reviewthemostimportantpoints.B.Exchangenoteswithaclassmate.C.Askthelecturerformoreinformation.答案：B听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthedestinationoftheflight?A.Japan.B.Canada.C.China.答案：A18.Whoisthepersonwhomakestheannouncement?A.Theflightattendant.B.Thecaptain.C.Theairhostess.答案：B19.Whatisthealtitudeoftheflight?A.35，000feet.B.30，000feet.C.53，000feet.答案：A20.WhatistheweatherlikeinTokyotoday?A.Fine.B.Overcast.C.Cloudy.答案：A第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读第1小题的有关内容。1W:Waiter,Iorderedmysteakrare,butyoubroughtmeonewelldone.Willyoutakeitbackandbringmeanotherone?M:Noproblem.Iamverysorry.W:MayIhavesomemorebreadandsomemorewater,please?M:Sure.2W:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyoureducation?M:Certainly.IgraduatedfromNorthwestFinancialandTradeCollegethreeyearsago.AndImajoredinaccounting.W:Doyouhaveanyexperienceinthisfield?M:Yes,Ihavebeenworkinginasmallpanyasanaccountantfortwoyears.3W:Tony,whatareyourplansforthisweekend?M:Well,myfriendSusanisgoingtotakemeouttohaveabigmeal.W:Nice!Isshegoingtoorderacake?M:Yeah.Youknow,tomorrowismybirthdayandIamsurethewaitersareprobablygoingtosing“HappyBirthday”tome.4W:RailwayInformation.M:CanyoutellmewhenrainleavesforBoston?W:Onemoment,please.Iwillcheckitforyou.Itleavesat11：15a.m.,platform4.M:Thankyou!5M:Linda,whyistheredirtalloveryourdress?W:Oh,Ididn'tevennoticethat!Youknow,Ihelpedmymomwiththegardenthismorning.M:Really?Ididnotknowyoucouldbehelpful.W:Donotsaythattome!PeoplealwayssayIhaveagreenthumb.第一节到此结束。第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。6W:Goodmorning.Iwouldliketocheckout.M:OK,pleasetellmeyourroomnumber.W:Iaminroom1003.M:Yes,Mrs.Williams.YoucheckedinlastFriday.⑥That'ssevendays.W:Yes.M:Letuslookatyourbill.⑥Thatis210dollars.W:Thatisright.⑦MayIpaybytraveler'scheck?M:⑦Ofcourse.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。7M:Hi,Shelly,howareyoutoday?W:Well,⑧Ihadasleeplessnightyesterday.Iamhavingaslightheadachenow.M:Iamsorrytohearthat.Hopeyouwillbebettersoon.W:Thanks.Doyouknowthat⑨ashiftworksystemistobeintroducednextmonth?M:Really?Howwillwebeaffected?W:Thesystemwillaffecteveryoneinouroffice.Itwillbeonatwoshiftbasis7a.m.to2p.m.,and2p.m.to9p.m.M:IwonderwhichshiftIwillbeworkingon.W:Shallwegoandaskthemanager?M:Ishallwait.Actuallyitdoesn'tmakeanydifferencewhichshiftIamworkingon.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。8M:Hi,Linda.Iheardyouhadquityourjobtostrikeoutonyourown.W:Yes,Paul.Idecidedtostartmyownbusiness.M:Whatkindofbusiness?W:⑩Weprovidetechnologyconsultingservicesforsmalltomediumsizedpanies.M:Goodforyou.Wheredidyouraisethemoney?W:Atfirst,Iconsideredbeingpartnerswithoneortwoofmycoworkers.But,finally⑪Iraisedthemoneybytakingonasilentpartner,myuncle.Hehasalotofinvestmentcapital.M:⑫Howareyouabletocutdownonexpenses?W:Imadeitahomebasedbusiness.⑫IchangedmygarageintoanofficewheremyemployeesandIcanwork.M:Areyounervousaboutquittingyourjobtostartyourownbusiness?W:ItisabigriskbutIamlookingforwardtothechallenge.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。9W:Phew!I'mgladthatthelecture'sover.⑬Alan,canIborrowyournotes?Imissedsomepoints.M:⑬Sorry,butIdidn'ttakenotes.W:Areyoukidding?Thislectureisimportant!M:Actually,Idon'tknowhow.⑭It'salreadyhardformetofollowtheinstructor'sfastspeed,letalonetakenotes.W:Didyoureadthematerialsthathehandedoutlasttime?M:No.W:⑮You'dbetterreaditorspend5to10minutesskimmingitbeforethelecture.Itwillhelpyoutogetthemainidea.M:Isee.Butthereisstillsomuchinformationinalecture.W:Ofcourseyouhavetoselectthemostimportantpoints.Don'twritedowneverywordtheinstructorsays.Payattentiontohowheorganizesthematerials,andyoumaywanttoaddyourownheadings.M:Well,whereismypen?Ah,hereitis.W:Shorthandwillhelporyoucandevelopanabbreviationsystemofyourown.M:And?W:Oh,yes.Sometimestherewillbegapsinyournotes;⑯youcanexchangenoteswithaclassmateorfilltheminrightaftertheclasswhileyourmemoryisfresh.Iwastryingtodothatjustnow.M:Eh.W:Hey!Whatareyoudoing?Youarenotlookingatme!M:Me?Ha!I'mtakingnotes,ofcourse.W:Well…OKandonelastthingyouhavetodoistofixyoureyesuponthelecturernowandthen.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。10⑰ThisflighttoJapanisalmostover.Itisaverylongflightalmostfifteenhours.Andthepassengersareverytired.Theflightattendantsaretired,too.⑱Thecaptainismakinganannouncement:Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.ThisiscaptainBlainespeaking.⑲Weareflyingatanaltitudeof35，000feetataspeedof600milesperhour.OurarrivaltimeatNaritaairportis10:00a.m.ThelocaltimeinTokyois8:00a.m.⑳TheweatherinTokyoisverywarm,86degreeFahrenheit,30degreeCelsius.Itwasrainingyesterday,but⑳todaythesunisshining.Sorelax,enjoyyourbreakfast,andremembertoflywithNorthwestOrientAirlinesinthefuture.Thankyou.第二节到此结束。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago，EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatafortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes，anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.“Hey，aren'tyoufromMississippi?”theelegant，whitehairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I'mfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought，thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup，shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,”Weltysaid.“Ididn'tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave，itwaspouringoutside.Welty'snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel，herbigcityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(团聚).“Myfriendssaid‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,'”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.'”Sittingonasofainherroom，Welty，aslimfigureinasimplegraydress，lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.“Idon'tmakethemup,”shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.“Idon'thaveto.”Beauticians，bartenders，pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats，Welty'speopleefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends，fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson，Miss.，fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat，at78，herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes，sittingonabusoratrain，shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.语篇导读本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名女作家EudoraWelty在纽约的一次经历，并以此作为背景说明她的创作源于生活。21.WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?A.Twostrangersjoinedher.B.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.C.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.D.Somepeopleheldapartythere.解析：A细节理解题。第三段中的“thewoman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的“Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。22.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWelty's_____.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories解析：D代词指代题。画线词所在句“Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem”的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是“小说”。23.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty'sfiction?A.Theyliveinbigcities.B.Theyaremostlywomen.C.Theyefromreallife.D.Theyarepleasureseekers.解析：C推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty小说中的人物源于真实生活。ACaliforniamanwhowasfeelingsickalmostdiedrecentlyfromashockingcause.26yearoldLuisOrtizwenttoahospitalbecauseofaheadacheandnausea(恶心).Whendoctorsexaminedhim，theywereshockedtofindatapewormlarva(绦虫幼虫)inhisbrain.Thestorygetsstranger.Thelarvawasstillalive.Thecreaturehadcausedacyst(囊肿)insidehishead.Thecystwasrestrictingtheflowofliquidstodifferentareasofhisbrain.Thesituationwassoseriousthatdoctorssaidtheyhadtoperformanemergencyoperationtoremovethelarva.AdoctorwhooperatedonOrtiztoldhimhehadonly30minutestolive.Whenthedoctorpulledthewormoutofhishead，itwasstillmoving.LuisOrtizwasastudentatCaliforniaStateUniversityinSacramento.HebeganexperiencingheadachesinlateAugust.ButOrtizsaidhedidnotthinktheheadacheswereserious.InSeptember，hevisitedafriendandhisparentsinanothercity.Thatiswhenthepaingotworse.HismothersawOrtizthrowingupandtookhimtoahospitalemergencyroom.ThedoctorssavedOrtiz'slife.However，thesurgeryalsoaffectedhim.Ortizhadtodropoutofschoolandmovebackhome.Fornow，heisnotpermittedtoworkordriveavehicle.TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaystheU.S.hasabout1,000reportedcasesoftapewormseachyear.TheCDCaddsthattapewormsaremoremonindevelopingcountrieswithpoorpublichealthsystems.Thebestwaytoavoidatapeworminfection(感染)istowashfruitsandvegetables.Also，makesuremeatiscookedthoroughly.TheCDCsuggestscookingallmeattoaninternaltemperatureofatleast63degreesCelsius.语篇导读本文介绍了一位叫LuisOrtiz的美国青年，因为头痛难忍和呕吐而去医院就诊，医生惊奇地发现他的脑子里有一条绦虫。后来，医生的及时救治才挽救了他的性命。24.WhatcausedLuisOrtiztofeelsickandheadaches?A.DirtyfoodeateninAugust.B.Travellingforalongway.C.Alivingcreatureinhisbrain.D.Uncookedmeateatenbyhim.解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，有一条活的绦虫幼虫在LuisQrtiz脑袋里，使人恶心头痛。故选C。25.Ifthedoctorsdidn'thaveanemergencyoperationonhim，LuisOrtizwaslikelyto______.A.dieofcancerB.liveforonlyhalfanhourC.finishstudyinginschoolD.passthedrivingtests解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，选B。26.Howshouldpeopleavoidinfectingtapeworms？A.Bywashingfruitsandvegetables.B.Byboilingplatesandbowlsbeforemeals.C.Bycookingmeattoatleast63℃outside.D.Byimprovingthedevelopmentofeconomy.解析：A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第一句可知，选A。27.WhatdidthewriterthinkofthecauseofLuisOrtiz'sdisease?A.Quitefrightening.B.Verydangerous.C.Ratherpuzzling.D.Extremelysurprising.解析：D推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“ACaliforniamanwhowasfeelingsickalmostdiedrecentlyfromashockingcause”可推知，作者对LuisQrtiz的病因感到极其震惊。故选D。ReuelTolkien(1892~1973)，theBritishlinguist，writer.Hecreatedafantasynovel“TheLordoftheRings”,thewellknowntrilogy（三部曲）.TolkienwasborninBloemfontein，SouthAfrica.Whenhewas4yearsold，hisfatherdiedandhisfamilymovedbacktoEngland.TolkiengraduatedfromOxfordUniversitywhenhewas23yearsold，andparticipatedintheFirstWorldWar.Duringthewar，Tolkiensufferedfrom“trenchfever”andstayedinthehospitaluntiltheendofWorldWarI.Itwasthedaysinthehospitalthathebeganhiswritingcareerfirst.Afterthewar，Tolkienbecamealinguist.Hewasaneditorofthe“NewEnglishDictionary”of1918~1920.However，hewasmoreresearchingtoAngloSaxonlanguagewhichmakeshisextensivecontactsinBritainandtheNordicspreadalloverthefolkloreandmythology.In1937，Tolkienpletedhisfirstwork“TheHobbit.”Althoughthiswasafairytale，itwasalsosuitableforadultstoread.Becauseofgoodsales，publishers(Allen&Unwin)convincedTolkientowriteitssequel.ThisencouragedTolkientopletehismostfamousworkstheepic(史诗)trilogy“TheLordoftheRings.”TheworksofwritingwentonforalmostayearwiththesupportfromhisgoodfriendLewis.Atthebeginning,“TheLordoftheRings”wassimilarworksforchildren，butafterthatwritingstylequicklybecameseriousanddark.“TheLordoftheRings”wasoneofthemostpopularliteraryworksinthe20thcentury，intermsofsalesandreaders'evaluation.Tolkien'sinfluenceisimportant，forthesuccessof“LordoftheRings”makesthefantasynovelsofthisliteraturegenre(体裁)developrapidly.语篇导读本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了《指环王》的作者ReuelTolkien的生平。他早年丧父，后来参加了第一次世界大战。战时患上“战壕热”，在医院期间他开始了他的写作生涯。28.WhendidTolkientakepartintheWorldWarI?A.1896.B.1915.C.1916.D.1937.解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“ReuelTolkien（1892~1973）”以及第二段的第三句可知，ReuelTolkien生于1892年，他23岁时参加了第一次世界大战；据此可以判断，他是在1915年参加了第一次世界大战的，故B项正确。29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Tolkien'sfatherdiedof“trenchfever”.B.Tolkienwrotethe“NewEnglishDictionary”himself.C.“TheLordoftheRings”wasfinishedabouthalfayear.D.Tolkienbeganhiswritingcareerinthehospital.解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，Tolkien是在医院开始他的写作生涯的，故D项正确；根据第二段倒数第二句中的“Duringthewar,Tolkiensufferedfrom‘trenchfever’”可知，Tolkien在战时患上了“战壕热”，而不是他的父亲，故A项错误；根据第三段的第二句可知，他是《新英语词典》的编辑，并没有说是他一人完成了该词典的编篆，故B项错误；根据第四段的最后一句可知，“TheLordoftheRings”的成稿历时大约一年，故C项错误。30.WhatisTolkien's“TheLordoftheRings”consideredtobe?A.ThefirstworksofTolkien.B.Alwaysseriousanddark.C.Beneficialtothedevelopmentofthefantasynovels.D.Themostpopularliteraryworksinthe20thcentury.解析：C细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句可知，“TheLordoftheRings”促进了魔幻小说的快速发展，故C项正确。31.Theword“evaluation”inthelastparagraphisclosesttothemeaningof______.A.opinionB.valueC.interestD.hobby解析：A词义猜测题。根据本文倒数第二句可知，“TheLordoftheRings”是二十世纪最受欢迎的文章。Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural，everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.Whenwedostudyourlanguage，though，weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings.However，itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguagework.First，thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample，theword“dog”candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor'sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea“dogthatIsawyesterday”andanotherwordfortheidea“dogthatIsawinadream”.Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So，whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor，theknowledgethatyouhaveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword“dog”probablymeansinthatsituation.Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample，theword“bank”hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean“aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney”，butitcanalsomean“thesideofariver”.Sothesentence“Iwenttothebank”isnotclear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept.However，ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains，othersprobablyknowthat“bank”means“thesideofariver”.Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsarenotveryparticular，butthespeakingsituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimeswordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimitstherightmeaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstandlanguage.语篇导读本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。32.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.thebesttimeandplacetotalktoothersB.howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguageworkC.whattosayindifficultsituationsD.howourlanguageworks解析：B主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。故选B。33.Accordingtothepassage，wecansafelysaythat_____.A.aspeakingsituationdoesnotaffectthemeaningofwordsB.speakingisnotverynaturalformostpeopleC.aspeakingsituationisnotimportantD.peopleoftendonotconsiderhowtalkingworks解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks”可知，选D。34.Byusingtheexampleoftheword“dog”，thewriterwantstoshowthat_____.A.awordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversationB.awordmayhavedifferentmeaningsC.thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofawordD.themeaningofwordsisnotparticular解析：C推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句和下文的“Forexample”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。故选C。35.Accordingtothepassage，wecanknowthemeaningoftheword“bank”byreferringto_____.A.thetimeandtheplacewheretheconversationhappensB.theoccupationofthepersonwhousesthewordC.earlierorlaterpartsoftheconversationD.areliabledictionary解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用“bank”一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sincethedayofitsbirth，theUnitedNationshasbeenthesubjectofmuchdebate.36Othersthinkthatitistooweak.WecanbetterunderstandthisdebateifwelearnmoreabouttheU.N.anditshistory.TheU.N.wasstartedfortworeasons.First，whentheideawasborn，peopleallovertheworldweretiredofwar.Theyfeltthattheremustbepeacefulanswerstotheworld'sproblems.37Thesecondreasonwasthatmodernsciencehaddevelopednewbombsandairplanes.38Nationalborderswerebeginningtolosetheirmeaning.Sciencewoulddevelopevenmoredangerousweaponsinthefuture.Onlyaninternationalorganizationwouldbeabletocontrolmodernscience.FranklinD.Roosevelt，U.S.Presidentatthetime，believedthattheAllies(同盟国)shouldplanforpeacebeforethewarended.OnDecember1，1943，Roosevelt，Britain'sWinstonChurchillandJosephStalinfromSovietUnionagreedtostartanorganizationforworldpeace.39Duringyearandahalf，theideaofsuchanorganizationwasdebatedaroundtheworld.Thencamethebigday.OnApril11，1945，thefirstinternationalmeetingoftheUnitedNationstookplaceinSanFrancisco.ThegoalofthemeetingwastowritetheU.N.Charter(宪章).AllofthefiftyonenationsatthemeetinghadtheirownideastoofferfortheCharter.40EverynationpresentvotedfortheCharter.Noonevotedagainstit.A.Afteralongdebate，afinalCharterwasagreedupon.B.TheU.N.Charterisabeautifulpieceofwriting.C.Theyaskedallcountries，largeandsmall，tojointheorganization.D.Eventhesmallestcountryonearthcanhaveitsvoiceheard.E.Theyalsofeltthatonlyaninternationalorganizationcouldkeepworldpeace.F.Theseweaponsmadeitalmostimpossibleforacountrytodefenditself.G.Somepeopleattacktheorganizationbecausetheythinkitistoopowerful.语篇导读本文主要介绍了联合国建立的过程。36.G解析：空处与下句“Othersthinkthatitistooweak”形成对比，所以选G项。37.E解析：根据上文的“First,whentheideawasborn,peopleallovertheworldweretiredofwar”可知，当时人们厌倦了战争，渴望和平，希望建立一个国际组织来维护世界和平，所以选E项。F解析：根据空前的“newbombsandairplanes”和下文的“Nationalborderswerebeginningtolosetheirmeaning”可知，现代科学研制出了新型炸弹和飞机，这些武器让一个国家的自卫变得不可能，国家边界变得没有意义，所以选F项。C解析：根据空前一句“OnDecember1,1943,Roosevelt，Britain'sWinstonChurchillandJosephStalinfromSovietUnionagreedtostartanorganizationforworldpeace”可知，三国首脑呼吁全世界所有国家加入这个组织以维护世界和平，所以选C项。A解析：由下文的“EverynationpresentvotedfortheCharter.Noonevotedagainstit”可知，《联合国宪章》在51个成员国中最终全票通过，所以选A项。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwasjustasimplesixletterword.WhenIwasaboutthirteen,ithadsucha(n)41definition(定义)whichtoremyworldaparerwordnamedcancertookmanylives;42,acloselovedoneofmine—mygrandfather.43mygrandfatherhadsuchadisease,heneverletitslowhimdown.Onedayhetoldme,“Jaz,IknowthatIhavecancer,andsomethingsmay44fromnowon,butdon't45thatI'mgoingdownwithoutafight.”Thosewordscamefromthestrengthandcouragethatwerehis46.Hewasn'tthetypeofpersonchoosingto47andgiveup.Ifhehadtofight,thenhe'dfight.No48wereasked.Andthatwaswhatkeptmethroughalmostthreeyearsofwarm,saltytearsand49thatthingswouldgetbetter.Yet,lifewithouthimwassomethingIdeclared50.Ihatedthinkingofthepossibilitiesofhim51me—itwasnotsomethingthatIwantedtothinkabout,butIdidbecauseIcouldn't52mynegativethoughts.I'velearnedalessonthroughthe53oflosingmygrandfather.Losinghimismoreof54thanitisextremesadness.Yes,Ihavelostmybestfriendandhero,butthatdoesn'tmeanthatI'mgoingtohideinthecornerand55the“whatifs”and“ifonlys”.I56toletmyselfdoso.Justlikehim,hewasn'tgoingdownwithoutafight,andneitheramI.Ihavetokeepfightingalthoughthesituationbees57.Hehassufferedthepain,andIhavesufferedthe58.Cancerhaswonyetagain,butthatdoesn'tmatter.Hewillalwaysholdthetitlethatheheldonfortwolong,goodyears.Iwillnot59myintellingenceandsitonthecouchfortherestofmylife.Hetoldmetodosomething,besomeone.Myonlywishisforhimto60seememakeit.语篇导读作者的祖父虽然身患癌症，但是却勇于面对病魔，从不屈服。这让作者从中汲取了与生活中的痛苦抗争的力量。41.AprehensiveB.amazingC.painfulD.different解析：C根据下文中的“toremyworldapart”“pain”等内容可知，此处指作者认为这六个字母的单词定义令人感到痛苦。42.A.particularlyB.graduallyC.certainlyD.generally解析：A这六个字母构成的单词是“cancer”，它夺去了许多人的生命，尤其(particularly)是作者所爱的人——他的祖父。43.A.SinceB.AfterC.WhenD.Although解析：D作者的祖父虽然罹患癌症，但是没有向疾病屈服，所以此处用Although引导让步状语从句。44.A.disappearB.changeC.happenD.remain解析：B作者的祖父对作者说，“我知道自己患了癌症，从现在开始，有一些事情会有所改变（change），但是不要认为（think）我会不抗争就倒下。”45.A.admitB.demandCplainD.think解析：D参见上题解析。46.A.personalityB.advantageC.favoriteD.talent解析：A结合上一句和本句中的“strengthandcourage”可知，此处指这些话源自作者祖父性格中的坚强和勇气。47.A.burstoutB.takedownC.breakdownD.makeout解析：C根据上文中的“don't45thatI'mgoingdownwithoutafight”及下文中的“wasn'tgoingdownwithoutafight”“keepfighting”可知，作者的祖父不会因为疾病而精神崩溃并且轻言放弃。breakdown意为“垮掉，精神崩溃”，符合语境。48.A.opinionsB.questionsC.reasonsD.explanations解析：B根据上一句话可知，如果祖父不得不抗争，他就会抗争，而不去问为什么。49.A.imaginingB.supposingC.hopingD.believing解析：C作者在祖父患病之后的三年里非常难过，一直希望（hoping）祖父的病情会有所好转。50.A.impossibleB.fortunateC.strangeD.special解析：A根据语境可知，在作者看来，没有祖父的生活简直是不可能的（impossible）。51.A.scoldingB.forgettingC.missingD.leaving解析：D此处指作者不愿意去想祖父因为患病而离开（leaving）自己的可能性。52.A.rememberB.graspC.standD.replace解析：C虽然作者并不愿意考虑祖父可能去世的问题，但是却考虑了，因为自己实在不能承受（stand）自己消极的想法。53.A.strugglesB.puzzlesC.troublesD.doubts解析：A根据上下文可知，此处指的应是作者曾在失去祖父的痛苦中努力挣扎（struggles），并从中得到了启示。54.A.experienceB.shockC.motivationD.fortune解析：C根据语境可知，失去祖父的经历对作者来说更多的是一种动力，而不是极度的悲伤。motivation动力，积极性。55.A.debateB.guessC.recallD.recite解析：D虽然作者最终还是失去了祖父，但是不会就此藏在某一个角落，独自去逐一列举（recite）那些“如果”和“要是……就好了”，他拒绝（refuse）让自己这样做。56.A.preferB.refuseC.promiseD.hesitate解析：B参见上题解析。57.A.astonishingB.difficultC.apparentD.frightening解析：B尽管情况变得困难（difficult），作者必须不断奋斗。58.A.regretB.panicC.sorrowD.failure解析：C根据上文中的“extremesadness”“pain”可知，此处指的是作者的祖父遭受了疼痛，而作者经受了悲伤。sorrow悲伤，悲痛，符合语境。59.A.valueB.abuseC.improveD.waste解析：D根据句中的“sitonthecouchfortherestofmylife”可知，作者意识到自己不会独坐一隅黯然神伤，浪费（waste）自己的才智。60.A.immediatelyB.actuallyC.occasionallyD.naturally解析：B根据上文中的“Hetoldmetodosomething,besomeone”可知，祖父希望作者能有所成就，成为一个重要的人物，故此处指作者希望祖父能真正（actually）看到自己取得成功。第Ⅱ卷第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Thebestwaytodealwithsportsinjuriesistokeepthemfromhappeninginthefirstplace.Knowingtherulesofthegameyou'replayingandusingtherightequipment(equip)cangoalongwaytowardpreventinginjuries.Ifyou