2026年上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷含答案

（105115分GrammarandDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BlueEveryonewantstolivealong,healthylife,andsoit’snosurprisethatresearchersarelookingintowaystomakethathappen.Oneapproachistostudyareasinwhichpeoplehavelonger-than-averagelivesknownasbluezonesandsee1thesecommunitiesdotopromotelongDanBuettner’sbookTheBlueZonesintroducedtheconceptofbluezones—fiveregionsspreadoutacrossthreecontinents2peopleliveunusuallylongandhealthylives.Inoneearlyphaseoftheirresearch,researchersidentifiedtheseplacesandmarked3onamapwithbluecircles,whichinspiredthetermbluezones.Afteridentifyingthebluezones,Buettnerinvestigatedtheircultures,4(seek)insightintowhytheirpeoplearesohealthyandlong-lived.Histeamidentifiedninecommonlifestylepracticesknownasthe“Power9,”whichcreatesupportiveenvironmentsthatimprovephysical,mentalandemotionalhealth.5thedetailsvaried,acommonfeatureinthedietsofpeopleinbluezonesisthattheyfollowprimarilyplant-baseddiets.Thosewhoeatmeattypicallyonlydosofourorfivetimesamonth.Theyalsotypicallyeitherfastregularlyorlimittheamounttheyeat.Additionally,theydrinkwine6moderation.Exerciseisnecessaryforgoodhealth,butpeopleinbluezonesgenerallydonotsetasidetimefor7(plan)specificallyforfitness,suchasgoingtothegym.Instead,activity8(build)intodailylifeastheywalkfromplacetoplaceanddohouseworksuchasgardeningandcleaning.Manyfamiliesinbluezonesliveinhomeswheremultiplegenerationsresidetogether.Thisarrangementprovidesemotionalandpracticalsupportforboththeoldandtheyoung.Andthesecommunitiesareorganizedinawaythatenablespeople9(find)socialsupportbeyondtheirbiologicalfamily.Inthesetight-knitcommunities,theresidentsoftenlookoutforeachother,whichinturn10(strengthen)thesocialbondsthatareessentialforalongandhealthylife.SectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.K.ReadingtheByanalysingvariationsintreeringsacrossforestsworldwide,NeilPedersonandhisteamatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatoryhaveconstructedanextensiveclimaticrecord,tracingpatternsofdroughtandrainfalloverhundredstothousandsofyears.Theirworkisbasedontheprinciplethattreerings11annualgrowthconditions:largerringsusuallyindicatewetterperiods,whilesmalleronessuggestdrought.In2010,whileinvestigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangeoverthepasttwentyyearsinMongolia,theteamencounteredagroupofpines松树)intheKhorgolava熔岩)fields.Althoughtheir13aimwastostudytheimpactofclimatechangeonwildfiresinMongolia’sforests,thisaccidentaldiscoverysoonbecamethefocusoftheirresearchThesite’svolcaniclandscapeandharshclimatecreatedconditionsinwhichthedeadpinescouldremain14forcenturies,offeringtheteamanotherresearchproject:creatingarecordofclimatechangebyreadingthepine-Astheywere15fortime,theresearcherssampledjusteighteenpines.Despitethelimitedsamples,someoftheircrosssections,piecesoftrunksmadebycuttingacrossthem,16signsofgreatage.OneSiberianpinealonecontainednearly800rings,indicatingelevencenturiesofgrowth.Thetree-ringrecordsuggestedthatthesitemighthaveundergoneunusuallylongenvironmentalchanges.Moreover,justbylookingattheunusual17oftheseoldtrees—widerbases,windingtrunks,andsignsofregrowth,theresearcherswereabletoidentifytheirgreatage.Togetrecordsofwetness,thePederson’steamcross-dated(交叉年代测定)thedifferenttreesand18oflargeandsmallringsthroughtime.Theycombinedtheirnewlyfoundsampleswiththeearliercollections,graduallybuildinga(n)19recordoftheregion’streeagesanditsclimaticcontext.WhatbeganasashortfieldtripwithadifferentresearchgoalfinallyproduceddetaileddataofMongolia’sdroughtandrainfallperiodsoverabout1,100years,wellbeyondtheregion’sprevious20.ReadingDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anewartificialintelligence-poweredstethoscope,adevicethatmedicalexpertsusetolistentosoundsinthebodysuchasaheartbeat,candetectthreedifferentheartconditionsin15seconds.MorethanonemillionpeopleacrosstheUKarenowaffectedbyheartfailure,a(n)21wheretheheartcan’tmakebloodflowproperlybecauseofweakmusclefunction.One22isshortnessofbreath,butitisfrequentlyignored.Asaresult,70%ofpeopleonlyhavethecondition23aftertheyhavebeenrushedtohospital.Thenewdevice,developedbyateamatImperialCollegeLondonandtheNationalHealthService,looksabout24ofaplayingcard.Doctorsputitonapatient’schestanditrecordstheelectricalsignalsintheheartandlistenstothesoundofbloodflowingthroughtheorgan.Then,this25issenttoanAIsystem.Thesystemthen26itagainstdatafromthousandsofotherpeopletoseeifthere’saproblem,andtheresultisimmediatelysenttoaScientistslookedatwhathappenedtopatientswhosedoctorsexaminedthemwitha(n)27stethoscope,andthosewhosedoctorsusedtheAIone.Thestudyincludedmorethan12,700peopleatabout200GP(全科医生)surgeriesinnorthLondonoverthecourseofayear.ThisstudyfoundthattheAIstethoscopewasabletodetect28heartactivitythatadoctormightmisswitharegularone.Patients29withtheAIstethoscopeweretwiceaslikelytohavetheirheartfailurespotted.Thedevicewasalso3.5timesmorelikelytofindatrialfibrillation,namelyanirregularheartbeat.Itwasalsobetterat30whetheroneormoreofapatient’sheartvalves,whicharelikedoorstothedifferentsectionsintheheartandcontrolbloodflow,werenotworkingproperly.Therearesomeproblemstobesolved,though.TheAIstethoscopeoftentoldpatientsthattheycould31heartfailurewhentheyweren’t.Theresearcherssaidthatthe32shouldonlybeusedwhenGPssuspectedthattheirpatienthadheartproblems,andnotforroutinechecksonhealthypeople.“Thisisanelegantexampleofhowthe33stethoscope,inventedmorethan200yearsago,canbeupgradedforthe21stcentury,”saidDrSonyaBabu-Narayan,fromtheBritishHeartFoundationcharity.“Weneed34likethese,providingearlydetectionofheartfailure.”35,shesaid,theconditioncanbequiteadvancedbythetimethepatientgoestohospitalfeelingunwell.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.pickingB.turningC.makingD.taking31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.People’snosesgetcolderwhenthey’refeelingstressed,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSussex,inEngland,lookedatthetemperatureofpeople’sfacestoseeifitchangedwhentheywerenervousorunderProfessorGillianForrester,whostudiesbrainsandbehaviourattheUniversityofSussex,ledthestudy.Sherecorded29peoplewithathermalimagingcamera(热成像仪)toseewhathappenedwhentheywerestressed.First,thevolunteerslistenedtowhitenoise(quietbackgroundsoundthatsoundsabitlikeawaterfall)forfiveminutestomakethemcalm.Thentheyhadtoperformtwotasksinfrontofasilentgroupofstrangers.Theyhadtogiveanunintendedpresentationandtheyhadtodomathsintheirheadandsaytheiranswersoutloud.Fromtheresultsofthestudy,itwasfoundthatpeople’snosetemperaturedropsbybetween3°Cand6°Cwhentheyareunderpressure.Thisisbecausethebloodintheirfacesgoestotheirearsandeyes,whichareimportantsensesfordetectingdanger.Theresearcherswereabletoseechangeinbloodflowonthethermalimagingcamerabecauseplacesthatwerewarmerhadmoreblood.Oncethestresswasover,thebloodinpeople’sfacesreturnedtowhereitusuallywaswithinafewminutes.Forrestersaidthatthelengthoftimeittakessomeone’snosetorecoveritstemperaturecouldbeameasureofhowwelltheymanagetheirstress.Thiswouldbeusefultoknow.Forresterasked,“Iftheybouncebackunusuallyslowly,couldthatbeariskmarkerofanxietyordepression?”Humansaren’ttheonlyoneswhocouldbenefitfromthisknowledge.Stressalsochangesthebloodflowinthefacesofanimalsthatarecloselyrelatedtohumans,suchasapes.Researchershopethatthermalcamerascouldhelpthemtolookafterrescuedanimalsinapeshelters.“Theycan’tsayhowthey’refeelingandtheycanbequitegoodatmaskinghowthey’refeeling,”saidMariannePaisley,whostudiesapewellbeingattheUniversityofSussex.Thetemperatureofanape’sfacecouldhelppeopleunderstandhowtheyarefeelingandhowtomakethemfeelbettertoo.Forexample,theteamhasfoundthatshowingadultapesavideoofbabyapescalmedthemdown.Whentheadultanimalswatchedthevideoonascreen,theirnosesslowlywarmedup.InForrester’sstudy,whatdidthevolunteersdobeforetakingpartinpotentiallystressfulTheysolvedsomearithmeticproblemsTheylearnedhowtouseathermalimagingTheyreachedacalmstatebylisteningtowhiteTheygaveanunpreparedspeechinfrontofTheunderlinedword“masking”inParagraph6isclosestinmeaningto A. B. C. D.WhatdoesForresterthinkofnosetemperaturerecoveryItmayreflectstressmanagement B.ItmayhavenothingtodowithanxietyC.Itmaynotbeasusefulaspreviously D.ItmayhelppeopletoknowbetteraboutWhichofthefollowingbestsummarisestheResearchershavefoundeffectivewaystoreducestressinhumansandStresshasagreatinfluenceonthebloodtemperatureinhumanandapeAnewstudyshowsnosetemperaturecanbeusedtodetectstressThermalcamerashavebeenwidelyusedtocareforrescuedapesinAyearofnobeeHere’swhattoexpectwhenyougodrTHEFIRST24Dependingonhowmuchyoutypicallydrink,thismightjustfeellikeadayoffthealcohol,oritmightgetyouinabadmoodanddisturbyoursleep.Ifyou’redependentonalcoholyoumightshowwithdrawalsignslikedizzinessandheadaches—sothiscanbethetoughestperiodtogetTHEFIRSTFEWThoughyou’relikelytobeeasilyannoyed,yoursleepqualitywillimprove.Fromthreedaystoaweek,youmightstarttoexperienceimproveddigestion,aswellasincreasedenergyandskinclarityfromimprovedwaterintake.RemembertodrinkenoughwaterduringthisTHEFIRSTThisiswherechangesbecomenoticeable.Youmightloseweightandseeimprovedsleepquality,butit’salsowhereyourbodyreallybeginstheprocessofrepair.Studiessuggestthatinheavydrinkers,theliverandgut(肝脏和肠道)functionsstarttorepairthemselvesafterthreeTHEFIRSTAfullmonthcanseeasignificantreductionincardiovascular(心血管的)riskfactorsandcancer-relatedgrowthfactors,whilemoderatetoheavydrinkersshowedimprovedinsulin(胰岛素)resistanceandbloodpressure,alongsidepositivechangesinweight.KeepupthegoodTHEFIRSTFEWThesemarkersallcontinuetoimprove,butyoumightalsonoticeotherimprovements.Severalmonthsawayfromalcoholallowsthebraintorepairitself,eveninheavydrinkers.AYEARORQuitdrinkingforthelongterm,andyoucanseehugebenefits—onesmallKoreanstudyfoundthat“formerdrinkersdidnotshowsignificantlyworsehealththanpeoplewho,atbaseline,werelifetimenon-drinkers.”It’snotforeveryone,butitbeaworthwhileWhatcanoccurduringthefirstdayofquittingWeightlossmay B.DiscomfortmayC.Astrongdesiretodrink D.ThebrainbeginstorepairWhendoorgansaffectedbyalcoholusebegintorecoverafterpeoplestopWithinthefirst24 B.DuringthefirstfewC.Afterafull D.AfteraboutthreeAccordingtothepassage,whatisapossiblelong-termoutcomeofgivingupEarlierphysicaldamageexistsbutbecomeslessMentalwell-beingimprovesmorethanphysicalwell-TheprocessofphysicalrecoverybecomesslowerbutOverallhealthbecomessimilartothatofpeoplewhoneverThingsrarelystayneatontheirown.Ifyouleaveyourdeskuntouchedforaweek,papersbegintopileup,dustgathers,andobjectsendupinthewrongplaces.Itisthesamewitharoom,acontainer,andeventhevastuniverse.Innature,systemstendtomovefromordertodisorderunlessexternalenergyisusedtomaintainthem.Thisphysicalphenomenonisdescribedbythesecondlawofthermodynamics热力学),whichstatesthatentropy—ameasureofdisorder—tendstoincreaseovertime.Tounderstandthisidea,imagineaboxdividedintotwosections,filledwithgasparticles(粒子)movingatdifferentspeeds.Normally,theseparticlesmixfreelyandthesystembecomesmoredisorderedJamesClerkMaxwellaphysicistinthe19thcentury,imaginedacleverthoughtexperimenttoreverseparticles’increasingdisorder.Hedescribeda“demon”,atiny,intelligentbeing,thatcouldobserveeachparticleandopenorcloseasmalldoorbetweenthetwosections.Byallowingonlyfastparticlestopassinonedirectionandslowonesintheother,thebeingMaxwell’s“demon”—couldgraduallyseparatethem,creatingorderwithoutusingenergy.Ifordercouldincreasewithoutanycost,thisapparentlycontradictsthesecondlawofthermodynamics.Formanyyears,thispuzzledscientistsandledtodebatesaboutwhetherthelawwastrulyuniversal.Theywonderedwhetherthereexistedotherfactorslikeinformationthatcouldserveas“thatMaxwell’sdemon”inphysicalreality.TheresearchersattheUniversityofMaryland,therefore,generatedamodel.Theirmodeldescribedadevicethatcouldeffectivelyseparateparticlesandreducedisorderinonepartofasystem.Crucially,however,thedevicedidnotbreakthesecondlaw.Insteadofusingexternalenergy,itreliedonencodedinformationtotrackandcontrolparticlebehavior.Indoingso,theencodedinformationmoveddisorderfromthephysicalsystemintoitsownmemorystorage.AsresearcherDibyenduMandalexplains,theapparentgaininorderisbalancedbyincreaseddisorderelsewhere,preservingtheoverallbalancedemandedbythermodynamics.Thisinsightshowsthatinformationiscloselylinkedtophysicalprocesses.Itisnotjustanabstractconceptbutsomethingthathasrealeffectsintheworld.Althoughmachinesbasedonthisprincipleareunlikelytoproducelargeamountsofenergy,theymaystillhavepracticaluses.Forexample,theycouldhelpscientistscontrolparticlesmorepreciselyinexperimentsorimprovetechniquesusedinmedicine.Whatbeganasasimplethoughtexperimenthasthusdeepenedourunderstandingofhoworder,energy,andinformationareconnected.Theauthordescribesamessydeskatthebeginningofthepassageto useafamiliarexampletoillustrateascientificquestionwhetherdisorderisinmostcasessuggestthatdailyhabitsmightinfluencescientificcomparevariousformsofhumanbehaviorinsomeAccordingtothepassage,whatmustMaxwell’s“demon”doinordertosortIncreasethespeedofselectedApplyexternalenergytoseparatePreventparticlesfrommovingbetweenObserveandrecordinformationabouttheWhatcanbeinferredabouttheroleofinformationinthesystemItreplacesenergyasthemainfactorinphysicalItallowsthesystemtooperatewithoutanycostintheIthasrealeffectsinshiftingdisordertoanotherpartoftheItmattersmostwhenlargeamountsofdataareprocessedinWhichstatementbestreflectstheauthor’sviewofthesecondlawofMaxwell’sthoughtexperimentrevealsitsItremainscorrectdespitetheearlierpuzzlingItappliesbettertolarge-scalesystemssuchastheIntelligentcontrolcausesittobreakdownincomplexSectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.HowHowcomepeopleturntoAIforahigherInonegroup,forexample,participantscouldchoosetotellAIto“maximizeaccuracy”,“maximizeprofit”ordosomethinginbetween.“Maximizeprofit”isobviouslyabetteroptionthan“maximizeTheirresearchsuggestsgivingpeopleanoptiontodothetaskthemselves,ratherthanhanditovertoAI,mayhelpthembemorehonest.Theywerethenrandomlyassignedtoeitherreportthedie-rollnumbersthemselvesorinstructanAIagenttodoitforthem.WhydoesAImakecheatingeasierIt’seasiertocheatwhenyoucanblamePeoplearemorelikelytocheatwhentheyassignatasktoartificialintelligenceinsteadofdoingitthemselves,suggestsanewstudy.ToexplorewhetherandunderwhatcircumstancesAIsupportsdishonestbehavior,researchersconductedanexperiment.Participantswereshown10dierolls掷骰子)onacomputerscreenandtoldtoreportthenumbers.Thehigherthenumbersrolled,themoremoneytheywouldearn.47Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsself-reportedthenumbers,theywerehonestabout95%ofthetime.ButwhenparticipantsinstructedAItoreportthenumbers,theyweremorelikelytocheatbyphrasingtheirprompts(提示)inawaythatwouldhelpthemmaximizetheirprofits. Only12oftheparticipantsinthisgroupchosetotellthealgorithm(计算程序tomaximizeaccuracywhile29%toldthealgorithmtomaximizeprofit.TherestsetagoalforAIthatwassomewhereinbetween.Psychologicalresearchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplecheattheyoftendon’tdoittothefullestextentpossible.ThisexplainswhymoreparticipantspromptedtheAItodosomethinginbetweenmaximizingaccuracyandmaximizing49 Previousresearchsuggestspeoplemayjustifydishonestbehaviorbyshiftingresponsibilitytoothers—inthiscase,anAI,theresearcherssaid.Fortheresearchers,thetake-awayisthatAImakesiteasiertoavoidtakingresponsibilityformoralmistakes,aproblemtheybelieveislikelytobecomemorecommon.50 That,saysNilsKöbis,aprofessorattheUniversityofDuisburg-EsseninGermany,isdefinitely“asilverlining”,thatis,thereisalwayssomethingbetterwecoulddoinabadsituation.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SteppingintotheWhenyouwalkintoaconventionaltheateryouusuallyfindyourseatandquietlywatchtheactorsonstage.Butinimmersive沉浸式的)theater,youbecomepartoftheaction.Insteadofsittingback,theaudiencemovesaroundtheperformancespace,oftenfollowingcharactersorexploringdifferentrooms.Thisisn’tjustwatchingaplay—it’ssteppingintoawholenewworld.Thelinebetweenactorandaudiencebecomeslessdistinct.Everyelementoftheenvironment—fromlightingandsoundtosmells—isusedtoabsorbtheaudienceintothestory.Thesenseofmagicislostunlesseachelementfeelsconnectedtothestory.Thisdynamicstyleoftheaterhasdeeproots.AncientGreekplays,forexample,usedopentheatersthatlettheaudiencefeelclosertotheaction.DuringtheRenaissance文艺复兴时期),Commediadell’arteperformersinteractedwiththecrowdusinghumorandon-the-spotperformance.Overtime,theseearlyformshaveevolvedintotoday’simmersivetheaterperformances,manyusingdigitalelements.ThefamousgroupPunchdrunkhelpedbringimmersivetheaterintothespotlight.Theirshows,suchasSleepNoMore,aretellingofShakespeare’sMacbeth,oftentakeplaceinemptybui