2017-2018高中英语（外研版）选修六Module2PeriodThree

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing语法感知Ⅰ.课文原句感知1．...ashestoodtrying(try)toclearhishead，hesawacat.2．Will，stillwatching(watch)，sawthecatbehavecuriously.3．Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad，keeping(keep)hiseyesonthespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating.4．Asshestoodlooking(look)atit，wondering(wonder)whytherewasalamppostinthemiddleofawood，andwondering(wonder)whattodonext，sheheardthepitter­patteroffeetingtowardsher.5．Sauron，realising(realise)thattheRinghasbeenfound，sendshiscreaturestogetitback.Ⅱ.句型转换1．Whenthebabysawitsmother，itsmiled.→Seeingitsmother，thebabysmiled.2．Astheyhopedtogetoursupport，theysentustheirstatement.→Theysentustheirstatement，hopingtogetoursupport.3．Ifyoukeeptrying，you’llsucceedsoonerorlater.→Keepingtrying，you’llsucceedsoonerorlater.4．Thesnowlastedaweek，soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.→Thesnowlastedaweek，resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.5．Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress，wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.→Notknowingheraddress，wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.语法精析动词­ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随，相当于与之相对应的状语从句。一、动词­ing的否定形式、一般式、完成式1．动词­ing的否定形式是在其前面加not。2．动词­ing的一般式表示动作与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而完成式则表示动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。Notknowingwhattodo，sheturnedtohimforhelp.由于不知道该做些什么，她向他求助。Hehurriedhome，lookingbackashewent.他匆忙回家，边走边往后看。Havinglivedthereforyears，Iknowitverywell.由于在那儿住了多年，我对它很熟悉。二、现在分词(短语)在句中作时间状语1．现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或相继发生，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。常用的动词(短语)有：hear，see，arrive，return，getto，look，open，close，leave，turnaround，walk等，表示一个短暂动作。Lookingoutofthewindow，Isawsomeboysplayinghide­and­seek.看向窗外时，我看见一些男孩子在玩捉迷藏。注意：此种情况可以换作“on＋动名词”结构，表示相同的意思，意为“一(刚)……就……”；此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。Hearingtheirteacher’svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.＝Onhearingtheirteacher’svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.＝Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止了讲话。2．现在分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，这时则要用现在分词的完成式，即havingdone的形式。现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。Havingwrittentheletter，hewenttopostit.写完信后，他出去寄它。注意：这种情况可以用“after＋动名词”的一般式表示；也可以用after/when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成时态表示。Havingfinishedhishomework，theboywasallowedtowatchTV.＝Afterfinishinghishomework，theboywasallowedtowatchTV.＝After/Whenhehadfinishedhishomework，theboywasallowedtowatchTV.完成作业后，男孩才被允许看电视。[题组训练1]一句多译一看见她妈妈，小女孩就放声大哭。(1)Seeinghermother，thelittlegirlburstintotears.(现在分词短语作状语)(2)Onseeinghermother，thelittlegirlburstintotears.(on＋动名词)(3)Whenshesawhermother，thelittlegirlburstintotears.(when引导的状语从句)三、现在分词(短语)在句中作原因状语1．现在分词(短语)在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用它的一般形式，此时现在分词的逻辑主语须是句子的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because，as引导的原因状语从句，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heaskedtheteacherforhelp.＝Becausehedidn’tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heaskedtheteacherforhelp.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。2．当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句子的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时态表示。Havinglivedwiththegirlfor5years，weallknowherverywell.＝Becausewehavelivedwiththegirlfor5years，weallknowherverywell.因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。[题组训练2]句型转换Ashedidn’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem，theboyfeltveryworried.→Notknowinghowtosolvetheproblem，theboyfeltveryworried.四、现在分词(短语)在句中作条件状语现在分词(短语)在句中作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句子的主语，该短语相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard，you’llsucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you’llsucceed.如果你努力学习，你就会成功。[题组训练3](1)完成句子Beingmorecareful(更细心点)，youcanmakefewermistakes.(2)一句多译动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。①Usingyourhead，youwillfindaway.(动名词)②Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.(祈使句)③Ifyouuseyourhead，youwillfindaway.(if)五、现在分词(短语)在句中作让步状语现在分词(短语)在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时现在分词前可以带有连词或起连词作用的词组，如although，whether，evenif，eventhough等。Knowingallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.＝Althoughtheyknewallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。[题组训练4]句型转换KnowingwhereIlive，heneverestoseeme.→Though/AlthoughheknowswhereIlive，heneverestoseeme.六、现在分词(短语)在句中作结果状语现在分词(短语)在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。现在分词(短语)在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，在分词前加thus。Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay.＝Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，andthusitcausedthedelay.他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。[题组训练5](1)用所给动词的正确形式填空①Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，causing(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.②Thefirelastednearlytendays，leaving(leave)nothingvaluable.(2)句型转换Shewassoangrythatshethrewthecuponthegroundandbrokeitintopieces.→Shewassoangrythatshethrewthecupontheground，breakingitintopieces.七、现在分词(短语)在句中表示方式或伴随现在分词(短语)表示方式或伴随，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作。它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。Thechildrenranoutoftheroom，laughingandtalkingmerrily.＝Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily，andtheyranoutoftheroom.那些孩子跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。[题组训练6](1)句型转换Helayonthegrassandstaredatthestarsinthesky.→Helayonthegrass，staringatthestarsinthesky.(2)单句改错eq\f(Gather,Gathering)aroundthefire，thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.八、独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与主句的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。Nightingon(＝Whennightcameon)，westartedforhome.夜幕降临，我们动身回家了。九、独立成分作状语有些分词(短语)可以作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见这类分词(短语)有：generallyspeaking(一般来说)，supposing(假设)，judgingfrom/by(从……判断)，talkingof(谈到)，speakingof(谈到)等。Generallyspeaking，girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.一般说来，女孩比男孩细心。Supposingheisill，whowilldothework?假如他病了，谁来做这份工作呢？高考链接Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，using(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.(2016·全国Ⅲ)2．Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows，making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.(2016·天津)3．Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusing(use)thesunandthestars.(2015·重庆)4．Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland，staring(stare)atthenightsky.(2014·湖南)5．WhenIwaslittle，mymotherusedtositbymybed，telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(2013·重庆)6．Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding，throwing(throw)hard­edgedshadowsontheground.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)7．Inthebeginning，therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld，buteveryoneaddedalittle，alwaysthinking(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant，andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.(2013·广东)8．Tonylentmethemoney，hoping(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Aftereq\f(looks,looking)atthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)2．Oneeveningatsunset，wesatbythefire，eq\f(have,having)ourbarbecue.(2014·陕西，短文改错)3.eq\f(Felt,Feeling)hungry，webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.(2013·陕西，短文改错)4．Aftereq\f(think,thinking)forsometime，Ilethercopymyanswers.(2013·四川，短文改错)写作指导幻想故事最明显的特征就是虚幻、虚构，其中的人物、事物都有神奇的力量或魔力。在体裁上属于记叙文，情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。幻想故事的写作步骤：1．认真审题，确定文章结构幻想故事通常由三部分组成：故事的开端、故事的发展和高潮、故事的结局以及教育意义。2．确定时态幻想故事通常以一般现在时为主。3．语言的选择幻想故事通常为虚构的故事，要求语言比较夸张，生动，富有虚幻性。常用句式1．...isoneofthegreatestfantasystorieseverwritten.2．Theheroisaboycalled...andtheheroineisagirlcalled...3．Therearemanyextraordinaryadventures.4．Robotsplayanimportantroleinourfuturelife.5．Bothadultsandchildrenwillenjoythesestories.典题示例2040年的生活会是什么样子呢？请根据以下内容要点，描述2040年某一天的生活情景。词数100左右。1．我早上7点起床，因为9点钟在天津有一个重要会议；2．让机器人准备早饭，我去冲澡；3．我走出别墅，开出上海牌轿车，定好目的地和到达时间就出发了；4．太空中心发来e­mail说我的申请报告已经通过，如果再通过体检，就可以迁往月球。我打电话告诉了妈妈，并说回家吃她亲手做的可口晚饭。写作步骤StepOne审题谋篇写作要求是根据提示描写未来某一天的生活情景，写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：文章属于记叙文，注意故事的三要素。2．主体时态：以一般现在时为主。3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。StepTwo联想词汇1．起床getup2．准备早饭preparethebreakfast3．定好目的地和到达时间setthedestinationandarrivingtime4．通知某人某事informsb.ofsth.5．通过体检passthehealthexaminationStepThree句式升级1．2040年4月4日，我早上7点起床，因为9点钟在天津有一个重要会议。(1)Igetupat7amonApril4,2040becauseIhaveanimportantmeetingat9o’clockinTianjin.(because)(2)Havinganimportantmeetingat9o’clockinTianjin，Igetupat7amonApril4,2040.(现在分词短语作状语)2．让机器人准备早饭，我去冲澡，饭后我走出别墅，开出上海牌轿车。(1)Itellmyrobottopreparethebreakfastbeforetakingashower;thenIwalkoutofmyvillaandpulloutmyShanghaiCarafterbreakfast.(介词＋动名词)(2)Itellmyrobottopreparethebreakfastbeforetakingashower，afterwhichIwalkoutofmyvillaandpulloutmyShanghaiCar.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)3．太空中心发来e­mail说如果我通过体检，就可以迁往月球。(1)Thespacecentere­mailsme，sayingthatIwillmovetothemoonifIpassthehealthexamination.(现在分词短语作状语)(2)Thespacecenteremailsmeandinformsmeofthenewsthatinformsb.ofsth.oonifIpassthehealthexamination.(informsb.ofsth.＋同位语从句)StepFour连句成篇Havinganimportantmeetingat9o’clockinTianjin，Igetupat7amonApril4,2040.Itellmyrobottopreparethebreakfastbeforetakingashower，afterwhichIwalkoutofmyvillaandpulloutmyShanghaiCar.Isetthedestinationandarrivingtime，andthensetoff.Atthemoment，thespacecentere­mailsmeandinformsmeofthenewsthatIwillmovetothemoonifIpassthehealthexamination.Immediately，IcallmymothertosharethegoodnewsandsaythatIwillgohomeforthedelicioussupperfromher.Ⅰ.单元语法——用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Becarefulwhilecrossing(cross)thestreet.2．Heglancedoverather，noticing(notice)thatthoughshewastinysheseemedverywell.3．Havingbeentold(tell)manytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.4．Considering(consider)yourhealth，you’dbetterhavearest.5．Somestudentscameintothelab，following(follow)theteacher.Ⅱ.阅读理解AAretraditionalfairytalesgoodallthetime?No.RecentresearchfoundoneinfiveparentshasabandonedthoseoldclassicssuchasSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarvesandRapunzelinfavorofmoremodernbooks.OnethirdofparentssaidtheirchildrenhavebeenleftintearsafterhearingtheterribledetailsofLittleRedRidingHood.Similarly，GoldilocksandtheThreeBearswasalsoatalelikelytobeleftonthebookshelfasparentsfeltitrelatedtotakingsomeoneelse’sthingswithoutpermission.Thesurveyof2,000adultswascarriedouttomarkthelaunchofthehitUSdramaGRIMM，whichstartstonightat9pmonWatch，andseessixseriesbasedontraditionalfairytales.Theresearchfoundaquarterofparentswouldn’tconsiderreadingafairytaletotheirchilduntiltheyhadreachedtheageoffive，astheyprompttoomanyawkwardquestions.And52percentoftheparentssaidCinderelladidn’tsendagoodmessagetotheirchildrenasitportraysayoungwomandoinghouseworkallday.SteveHornsey，GeneralManagerofWatch，said，“Bedtimestoriesaresupposedhechildrenandsendthemofftosleepsoundly.ButasweseeinGRIMM，fairytalescanbedarkanddramatictalessoit’sunderstandablethatparentsworryaboutreadingthemtoyoungchildren.Asadultswecanseetheinnocenceinfairytales，butafive­year­oldwithanoveractiveimaginationcouldthinktheyaretrue.Despitethedarknatureofclassicfairytales，asweseeinGRIMM，goodwilldefeatevilandthereisalwaysamoraltothestory.”Thoughhalfofparentssaidtraditionaltalesaremorelikelytohaveastrongmoralmessagethanalotofmodernkids’books，twothirdsofmumsanddadstrytoavoidstorieswhichmightgivetheirchildrennightmares.Herearethetoptenfairytaleswhicharen’treadbyparentsanymoretotheirchildren.6．Theprobablereasonwhysometraditionalfairytalesaren’treadbyparentstochildrenisthat.A．theyaredifficultfortheirchildrentounderstandB．theyareforbiddentoreadaccordingtotherulesC．theydon’thaveanystrongmoralmessagesinthemD．theyaretooscaryfortheiryoungchildrentohear答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“OnethirdofparentssaidtheirchildrenhavebeenleftintearsafterhearingtheterribledetailsofLittleRedRidingHood.”可知父母们开始摒弃传统的童话故事，因为它们对年幼的孩子来说太吓人。7．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttherecentresearch?A．SteveHornsey，GeneralManagerofWatchledtheresearch.B．About30%childrenweremovedtotearsafterhearingthesetales.C．Peoplelikemoremodernbooksbecauseoldclassicsareold.D．20%parentsthoughtoldclassicsaren’tfitformodernchildren.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...oneinfiveparentshasabandonedthoseoldclassics...”及第四段中的“...fairytalescanbedarkanddramatictales...parentsworryaboutreadingthemtoyoungchildren.”可知D项正确。8．Whatwouldthewriterprobablydealwithinnextparagraph?A．Whysomeparentsabandonedthoseoldclassics.B．Whichtoptenfairytalesareunfitforyoungchildren.C．Howparentsguidechildrentoreadoldclassics.D．Whatshouldbecarriedouttoconfirmtheresearch.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Herearethetoptenfairytaleswhicharen’treadbyparentsanymoretotheirchildren.”可以推断出下一段会提及不再给孩子念的十大童话故事的名字。9．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.A．providingexamplesB．makingparisonC．givingdifferentfiguresD．tellingpersonalexperiences答案A解析篇章结构题。本文是通过举例说明哪些不适合孩子读的经典童话来组织的。BArthurMiller(1915－2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary，attractedlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．However，heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller’smostfamousplay，DeathofaSalesman，isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem，withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusassymbolofworth.InWillyLoman，theherooftheplay，weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsympathy：ifhecan’tdothework，thenheisnogoodtohisemployer，theWagnerpany，andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis，andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews，anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay，theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward，andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury，Connecticut，ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005，the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.10．WhydidArthurMiller’sfathermovetotheUSA?A．Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B．Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．C．Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D．Hisfamilybusinessfailed.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句“Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary，attractedlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’”．可知答案选B。11．TheplayDeathofaSalesman.A．exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB．discussesthewaystogetpromotedinapanyC．talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD．focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句“Miller’smostfamousplay，DeathofaSalesman，isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem，withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusassymbolofworth.”和第三句中“Willyis‘burntout’and...thecruelworldofbusiness...forsympathy...”可知答案选A。12．WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A．Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B．HerunstheWagnerpany.C．HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D．Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“InWillyLoman，theherooftheplay，weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsympathy...”可知答案选C。13．Afteritwasfirststaged，DeathofaSalesman.A．achievedhugesuccessB．wonthefirstTonyAwardC．waswarmlyweledbysalesmenD．wasseverelyattackedbydramatists答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Miller’smostfamousplay，DeathofaSalesman...”和第三段的内容可知答案选A。Ⅲ.语法填空(2017·河北大名一中高二上月考)Youarenevertoooldtotrytomakeyourdreamsetrue.ThiscouldbeMaryMoe’smotto—the14.expression(express)thatbestrepresentsherspirit.MaryMoe15.hasdone(do)alotduringthepast91years.Formuchofthattime，she16.wanted(want)tofly，butneverhadthechance—untilnow.MaryMoemaylooklike17.anaveragegrandmother.Butsheisnot.Shejustlearnedhowtoflyanairplane，adreamshehashad18.sinceshewasalittlegirl.Growingup，she19.wasinspired(inspire)bytwoAmericanpilots：CharlesLindberghandAmeliaEarhart.Theybecameherinspiration.LindberghmadethesolononstopflightacrosstheAtlanticOceanin1927.Fiveyearslater，Earhartbecamethefirstwoman20.tomake(make)theflight.ButMaryMoecouldnotfindtimetomakeherdream21e(e)true.Atage34，shewasjusttoobusy—busyfightingcancer.Shewasalsobusywithherjobinadvertisingandbusyraisingherfamily.Everythingseemedtobeworking22.againstMary.Then，atage91，herwish23.finally(final)cametrue.Thenewpilotsaysitisnevertoolatetospreadyourwingsandtrysomethingnew.Ⅳ.短文改错(2017·湖南长沙一中高二上月考)DearMs.J.K.Rowling，Itisgreatpleasuretowritetoyou.IlikereadingallofyourHarryPotterbook.Afewdaysbefore，Ilistenedtoaradioprogrammeaboutyou.NowIknowthatyouteachEnglishath