2026年高考英语终极冲刺：压轴题04 阅读理解CD篇（动物、植物类）（解析版）

3/17压轴题04阅读理解C、D篇命题预测分析近年高考英语阅读理解C、D篇命题规律，动植物类说明文是经典题材，语篇多选自自然期刊、科研报道、环保报告、高校研究，聚焦珍稀动植物特性、生存现状、适应机制、科研价值、生态保护、进化奥秘等。文章科学性强、专业术语适中、长难句集中，侧重考查细节定位、逻辑推理、词义猜测、主旨概括。2026年高考仍会重点考查，命题更关注气候变化影响、物种保护、生物智能、生态共生、科研新发现，强调人与自然和谐共生。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题主旨大意题观点态度/写作意图题动物、植物类说明文基本规律及解题要领高考动植物类阅读多无标题，结构清晰、说明性强，一般分为四部分：首段：开门见山引出新物种、新发现、特殊动植物、科研对象。背景/现状：介绍物种生存环境、濒危现状、研究背景、气候/人类影响。主干：详细说明外形特征、适应机制、生存技能、科研价值、保护措施。结尾：总结研究意义、生态价值、保护呼吁、未来展望。二、动物、植物类说明文解题技巧1.抓语篇结构，快速把握大意用略读法速读首尾段+各段首尾句，圈出核心名词（species/plant/animal/habitat/survival等）。动植物类常见行文逻辑：物种介绍型：外形→习性→适应环境→生存挑战→保护科研发现型：发现过程→实验方法→研究结果→科学意义生态保护型：现状危机→原因分析→保护措施→未来展望2.定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理优先定位：动植物名称、地名、研究者、数据、时间、对比词。长难句处理：拆分主句与从句，抓主语+谓语+宾语，忽略修饰成分。答案原则：原文同义替换、客观概括，不加入生活常识臆断。3.重点关注适应机制与生存特点动植物类高频考点：适应环境的特殊结构/行为（耐寒、耐旱、伪装、迁徙、共生）生存技能与智能表现（辨识、导航、工具使用、信息传递）濒危原因与保护方向（人类活动、气候变化、栖息地破坏）4.紧盯转折与对比，锁定核心信息高频逻辑词：however/but/while/incontrast/comparedwith/instead转折后常是物种独特性、研究新结论、真正生存危机，为必考点。5.熟悉选项设置规律，快速排除干扰正确选项：原文信息同义改写、全面概括、符合科学事实。干扰项：张冠李戴（把A物种特点安到B物种）偷梁换柱（改变范围、程度、条件）无中生有（原文未提及的能力/习性）以偏概全（用局部特点代替整体主旨）6.标题归纳技巧（动植物类专用）必须包含核心动植物/研究对象。突出特点、发现、保护、生存。常见格式：物种+特点/价值/保护/新发现。04动物、植物类1.（2026·广西·一模）Scientistshavediscoveredsixspeciesofcushion(垫)plantsgrowingatarecord-breakingheightonMountShukuleⅡintheLadakhregionofIndia.Theseplantswerefoundonasmall,rockyareanolargerthanafootballfield,andtheyaremoreresistanttocoldanddryconditionsthanmostplants.Theresearchteam,ledbyJiriDolezalfromtheCzechAcademyofSciences,studiedhowplantsrespondtoclimatewarminginthisremotearea.Reachingthesiterequiredafive-dayjourneyfromthenearestroad,andthescientistssufferedfromsicknessandextremetiredness.Incontrast,theplantsthemselveswerewelladaptedtothecoldanddryenvironment.Eachplantwasverysmall,aboutthesizeofacoin,andcontainedahighamountofsugarthatactedlikenaturalantifreeze.Theirleavesgrewinacircularshape,helpingthemtrapwarmairandsurvivelong,freezingwinters.Althoughtheirrootsweretiny,onerootshowedabout20growthrings,suggestingthattheplanthadsurvivedtherefornearlytwodecades.ClimatechangehaswarmedtheHimalayas,allowingplantstogrowhigherasglaciers(冰川)retreat.Dolezalestimatesthatduringtheshortgrowingseason,temperaturesinthisareahaverisenbyabout6℃overthepastdecade.Plantsneedatleast40frost-freedayseachyeartogrow,andsuchconditionsarenowappearingintheHimalayas.“I’msurprisedattheelevation—it’sveryhigh,”saysJanSalick,abotanistatMissouriBotanicalGardeninStLouis.Butsheisencouragedthatplantsmaybeabletomovetohigheraltitudesthanpreviouslythought,andkeepupwithclimatechange.Aspartoftheresearch,shehasfoundalpine(高山的)plantsintheHimalayasmovingupwardsat0.06metresayear,whilethetemperaturebandtheyusuallyoccupyisoutpacingthembyrisingat6metresayear.Thefearisthatthetemperatureincreaseisencouragingthetreelinetorisetoo,whichcouldreducethespaceavailableforalpineplants.1.Whatisafeatureofthecushionplants?A.Theydependonthefairlyfertilesoil. B.Theyspreadwidelyacrossthemountain.C.Theycantoleratecoldanddryness. D.Theygrowfasterthanotheralpineplants.2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoillustrateaboutthecushionplantsinparagraph3?A.Howscientistsdiscoveredtheirhabitat. B.Howtheysurviveinthetoughconditions.C.Howclimatechangeimpactstheirdistribution. D.Howtheyposeathreattolocalspecies.3.WhyareplantslikelytogrowevenhigherintheHimalayas?A.Seedsarespreadingmoreeasily.B.Mountainsoilsarebecomingricher.C.Theirfrost-freegrowingperiodsareextending.D.Glaciersattheheightareappearinginlargenumbers.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeHelpsPlantsGrowHigherB.Record-breakingPlantsWereFoundintheHimalayasC.CushionPlantsAretheMostResistantPlantsintheWorldD.AlpinePlantsFaceaSeriousSurvivalProblemintheHimalayas【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家在喜马拉雅地区发现了6种生长在破纪录高海拔的垫状植物，介绍了这些植物的特性，分析气候变化对植物高海拔迁徙的影响以及科学家对此现象的看法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theseplantswerefoundonasmall,rockyareanolargerthanafootballfield,andtheyaremoreresistanttocoldanddryconditionsthanmostplants.(这些植物被发现长在一个不比足球场大的小岩石区域，它们比大多数植物更能抵抗寒冷和干燥的条件。)”可知，垫状植物比多数植物更耐受寒冷干旱环境。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Incontrast,theplantsthemselveswerewelladaptedtothecoldanddryenvironment.Eachplantwasverysmall,aboutthesizeofacoin,andcontainedahighamountofsugarthatactedlikenaturalantifreeze.Theirleavesgrewinacircularshape,helpingthemtrapwarmairandsurvivelong,freezingwinters.Althoughtheirrootsweretiny,onerootshowedabout20growthrings,suggestingthattheplanthadsurvivedtherefornearlytwodecades.(相比之下，这些植物本身很好地适应了寒冷干燥的环境。每株植物都很小，大约有一枚硬币那么大，含有大量的糖，这些糖就像天然防冻剂一样。它们的叶子呈圆形生长，有助于它们捕获温暖的空气，在漫长而寒冷的冬天生存下来。尽管它们的根很小，但其中一根显示出大约20个生长轮，这表明这种植物在那里存活了近二十年。)”可知，本段开头说这些植物能够很好地适应寒冷干燥的环境，随后从植株大小、天然防冻的高糖分、聚热的叶片形态、长期存活的根系特点等多个方面，介绍了垫状植物如何适应恶劣的高海拔环境，即说明它们如何在艰苦条件存活。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ClimatechangehaswarmedtheHimalayas,allowingplantstogrowhigherasglaciers(冰川)retreat.(气候变化使喜马拉雅山脉变暖，随着冰川的退缩，植物得以生长得更高。)”和“Plantsneedatleast40frost-freedayseachyeartogrow,andsuchconditionsarenowappearingintheHimalayas.(植物每年至少需要40天的无霜期才能生长，喜马拉雅山脉现在也出现了这种情况。)”可知，植物每年至少需要40天的无霜期才能生长，而气候变暖让喜马拉雅山脉气温升高，高海拔地区的无霜生长期变长，满足了植物生长的需求，因此植物才能在更高的地方生长。故选C。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Scientistshavediscoveredsixspeciesofcushion(垫)plantsgrowingatarecord-breakingheightonMountShukuleⅡintheLadakhregionofIndia.(科学家在印度拉达克地区的ShukuleⅡ山上发现了六种生长在破纪录高度的垫状植物。)”可知，本文主要围绕科学家在破纪录高海拔地区发现的垫状植物展开，介绍了这些植物的特性，分析气候变化对植物高海拔迁徙的影响以及科学家对此现象的看法。因此B项“喜马拉雅山脉发现了破纪录植物”最适合作本文标题。故选B。2.（2026·承德·一模）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatcrows(乌鸦)arehighlyintelligentwithcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseof5-to7-year-oldchildren.Pastresearchhasshownthattheycancounttofouranddistinguishhumanvoicesandfaces,andsomespeciescanevencreatetoolsforfutureuse.Lately,aspecialstudyhasexpandedthislistfurther,revealingthatcrowscanrecognizebasicgeometricfeatures,suchassidelengths,parallellines,andrightangles,andshapeslikestars,crescents,squares,andirregularfour-sidedfigures.Withthepurposeoftestingthecrows’geometricskills,scientistsshowedtwocrowssixshapesonadigitalscreenandtrainedthemtopeck(啄)attheoutlier—theshapethatlookeddifferentfromtherest.Whenthebirdschosecorrectly,theywererewardedwithatastysnack.Atfirst,theresearchersmadetheoutlierobvious,suchasonefloweramongfivecrescents.Asthebirdsgotusedtothetask,theshapesbecamemoresimilarincludingsquaresandirregularfour-sidedfigures.Despitetheincreasingdifficulty,thecrowscontinuedtoidentifytheoutliercorrectly.Theshaperecognitionabilityofcrowsremainsatopicofinterestforresearchers.Theysuspectthisabilitymayhelpthemwithnavigationastheyflyaround.Thebirdsmayhavealsodevelopedthisabilitytohelpthemsearchforfoodoridentifyotherindividualcrows—includingpotentialmates—basedontheirfacialfeatures.“Alltheseabilities,attheendoftheday,fromabiologicalpointofview,haveevolvedbecausetheyprovideasurvivaladvantageorareproductiveadvantage,”saysthestudyseniorauthorAndreasNieder,aneurophysiologistattheUniversityofTübingeninGermany.Inthefuture,researchershopetoexplorewhichareasofthebirds’brainsareresponsiblefortheirexceptionalabilityingeometry.Birdsdon’thaveacerebralcortex(大脑皮层)—atleast,notinthesamewaythathumansdo.Butforus,thatpartofthebrainisresponsibleforthinkingandothercomplexfunctions.Crowsstillhavetheseabilities,sotheresearchersassumetheremustbesomethingelsegoingoninsidetheirheads.“Obviously,evolutionfoundtwodifferentwaysofgivingrisetobehaviorallyflexibleanimals,”Niedersays.5.Whatdoestherecentstudyrevealaboutcrows?A.Theycandrawsimplefigureswithtools. B.Theycantellbasicgeometricshapesapart.C.Theycandoprettyeasymathcalculations. D.Theycanrecognizehumanvoicesandfaces.6.Howdidtheresearchersincreasethedifficultyoftheshape-recognitiontask?A.Byshorteningthetimetorespond. B.Bypresentingmorefamiliarshapes.C.Byshowingfigureswithdifferentcolors. D.Byenhancingthesimilarityamongshapes.7.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theroleofcrows’geometricpotentialinnavigation.B.Reasonsforcrowstoevolveshapeidentificationabilities.C.Thevarioussurvivalbenefitsofcrows’cognitivetalents.D.Advantagesofcrows’food-searchingskillsoverotherbirds.8.Whatisthefollow-upstepforfuturestudy?A.Examiningcrows’brainareasrelatedtogeometricskills.B.Comparingthecerebralcortexofhumansandcrows.C.Exploringothercomplexfunctionsofcrows’brains.D.Studyingthecausesofcrows’flexiblebehaviors.【答案】5.B6.D7.B8.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现乌鸦能识别基本几何形状，科学家通过实验验证其能力，分析该能力的进化原因，并计划进一步探究其大脑相关区域。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Lately,aspecialstudyhasexpandedthislistfurther,revealingthatcrowscanrecognizebasicgeometricfeatures,suchassidelengths,parallellines,andrightangles,andshapeslikestars,crescents,squares,andirregularfour-sidedfigures.(最近，一项特别的研究进一步扩充了这一列表，表明乌鸦能够识别一些基本的几何特征，比如边长、平行线和直角，以及诸如星形、月牙形、正方形和不规则的四边形等形状)”可知，最近的研究发现乌鸦能够区分基本的几何形状。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asthebirdsgotusedtothetask,theshapesbecamemoresimilarincludingsquaresandirregularfour-sidedfigures.(随着鸟儿们逐渐适应了这项任务，这些形状变得更加相似，包括正方形和不规则的四边形)”可知，研究人员通过提高形状之间的相似度增加形状识别任务的难度。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theshaperecognitionabilityofcrowsremainsatopicofinterestforresearchers.Theysuspectthisabilitymayhelpthemwithnavigationastheyflyaround.Thebirdsmayhavealsodevelopedthisabilitytohelpthemsearchforfoodoridentifyotherindividualcrows—includingpotentialmates—basedontheirfacialfeatures.“Alltheseabilities,attheendoftheday,fromabiologicalpointofview,haveevolvedbecausetheyprovideasurvivaladvantageorareproductiveadvantage,”saysthestudyseniorauthorAndreasNieder,aneurophysiologistattheUniversityofTübingeninGermany.(乌鸦的形状识别能力一直是研究人员关注的焦点。他们推测这种能力或许能帮助它们在飞行时进行导航。这些鸟类可能还发展出这种能力，以便根据其他乌鸦的面部特征来寻找食物或识别其他乌鸦——包括潜在的配偶。该研究的资深作者、德国图宾根大学的神经生理学家安德烈亚斯·尼德表示：“从生物学的角度来看，所有这些能力之所以进化出来，是因为它们能带来生存优势或繁殖优势。”)”可知，第三段主要讲的是乌鸦进化出形状识别能力的原因。故选B。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inthefuture,researchershopetoexplorewhichareasofthebirds’brainsareresponsiblefortheirexceptionalabilityingeometry.(未来，研究人员希望探究鸟类大脑的哪些区域与它们在几何方面的非凡能力有关)”可知，未来研究的后续步骤是检测乌鸦与几何技能相关的大脑区域。故选A。3.（2026·山东滨州·一模）Overthelast1,400years,populationsoftheYangtzefinlessporpoisehavedramaticallydeclinedinChina.Butintensivesurveysofitsrangeonlyspanthelastcoupleofdecades,leavinglotsofgapsinscientists’knowledgeofthespecies.Inacreativeblendofartandscience,anewstudyuseshistoricalpoetrytochartthecriticallyendangeredanimal’spopulationacrosstheriveritcallshome.ThefinlessporpoisesoncelivedthroughouttheentireYangtzeRiver,whichstretchesfromtheTibetanPlateautotheEastChinaSea.Now,theonlyknownfreshwaterporpoiseintheworldhasfewerthan1,800individualsleftinthewild.TheresearchteamcombedthroughdatabasesofChinesepoetrytofindreferencestotheporpoiseandmapitspastdistribution.Theyfound724poemsthatmentionedtheanimal,ofwhichhalfnotedwheretheporpoiseswereobserved.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiology.“Havingaccesstopastdataallowsustodetectwhendeclinesbeganandcorrelatethosechangeswithpotentialthreatslikehabitatdestruction,climatechange,overhunting,diseaseortheintroductionofinvasivespecies,”saysleadauthorZhangYaoyao,anecologistattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Thepoemssuggesttheporpoise’srangehasdecreasedby65%sincetheTangdynasty.Mostofthatdeclinehappenedintheriver’stributariesandlakes,wheretheanimal’srangehasdecreasedby91%.Whilethepopulationdecreasewasmostlygradual,thesharpestdeclinehasoccurredoverthepast100years.Thatsuddendropalignswithhumanactivitiesontheriver,especiallydamconstructioninthe1950sthatblockedofftheporpoise'smovementtoandfromtheriver'smainchannel.Theworkhighlightstheconnectionbetweencultureandscience.“Poemsareactuallyancientcitizenscience,andmanyChinesepoetswere‘well-educatedintellectuals’,”saysZhang.“Thesedataarenotperfect...Buttheydohavealotofinformationifyouusethemcorrectly.”Thisapproachhaspotentialforuncoveringthepastsofotherendangeredspeciesaswell.Previously,scholarshaveusedmedievalandancienttextstounderstandthingslikevolcaniceruptions,aurorasandunusualwhales.9.Whatchallengedoscientistsfaceintheirresearchabouttheporpoise?A.Itspopulationhasdroppedoffdramatically.B.Locatingitshabitatsisincreasinglydifficult.C.Thelong-termhistoricaldataareinsufficient.D.Itspopulationishardtocalculateprecisely.10Whatmainlycontributedtothedramaticfalloftheporpoise’spopulations?A.Poorresistancetodiseases. B.Climatechangesovertime.C.Humanimpactsonitshabitats. D.Competitionwithotherspecies.11.Whydoestheauthormention“volcaniceruptions”inthelastparagraph?A.Toshowmajorthreatstoendangeredwildlife.B.Tointroducechallengesinecologicalresearch.C.TorevealthewisdomofancientChinesepoets.D.Toprovethevalueofancienttextsinresearch.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HistoricalPoems:RecordsofAncientChineseWildlifeB.citizenScience:ANewApproachtoProtectingAnimalsC.TheYangtzeFinlessPorpoise:ACriticallyEndangeredSpeciesD.AncientPoetry:ACreativeWaytoStudyEndangeredPorpoise【答案】9.C10.C11.D12.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过研究中国历史诗歌来追踪长江江豚的种群变化，揭示了其数量大幅下降的原因，并强调了这种跨学科研究方法的创新性和潜在应用价值。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butintensivesurveysofitsrangeonlyspanthelastcoupleofdecades,leavinglotsofgapsinscientists'knowledgeofthespecies.(但对其活动范围的密集调查仅覆盖了过去几十年，科学家对该物种的了解存在许多空白)”可知，科学家在研究长江江豚时面临的主要挑战是长期历史数据的不足。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thatsuddendropalignswithhumanactivitiesontheriver,especiallydamconstructioninthe1950sthatblockedofftheporpoise'smovementtoandfromtheriver'smainchannel.(这一突然下降与河流上的人类活动相吻合，特别是20世纪50年代的水坝建设，阻碍了江豚进出主河道的活动)”可知，人类活动对江豚栖息地的影响是导致其数量急剧下降的主要原因。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisapproachhaspotentialforuncoveringthepastsofotherendangeredspeciesaswell.Previously,scholarshaveusedmedievalandancienttextstounderstandthingslikevolcaniceruptions,aurorasandunusualwhales.(这种方法也有可能揭示其他濒危物种的过去。此前，学者们曾利用中世纪和古代文献来了解火山爆发、极光和异常鲸鱼等现象)”可推知，作者提到“火山爆发”是为了证明古代文献在研究中的价值，说明这种方法不仅适用于江豚，还可以用于其他领域的研究。故选D项。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inacreativeblendofartandscience,anewstudyuseshistoricalpoetrytochartthecriticallyendangeredanimal'spopulationacrosstheriveritcallshome.(在一项艺术与科学的创造性结合中，一项新的研究利用历史诗歌来描绘这种极度濒危动物在其家园河流中的种群分布)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过研究中国历史诗歌来追踪长江江豚的种群变化，揭示了其数量大幅下降的原因，并强调了这种跨学科研究方法的创新性和潜在应用价值。由此可知，D项“AncientPoetry:ACreativeWaytoStudyEndangeredPorpoise(古诗：研究濒危江豚的一种创造性方法)”最符合文章主旨，适合作标题。故选D项。4.（2026·河北邯郸·一模）Scientistshavediscoveredsixspeciesofcushion(垫)plantsgrowingatarecord-breakingheightonMountShukuleⅡintheLadakhregionofIndia.Theseplantswerefoundonasmall,rockyareanolargerthanafootballfield,andtheyaremoreresistanttocoldanddryconditionsthanmostplants.Theresearchteam,ledbyJiriDolezalfromtheCzechAcademyofSciences,studiedhowplantsrespondtoclimatewarminginthisremotearea.Reachingthesiterequiredafive-dayjourneyfromthenearestroad,andthescientistssufferedfromsicknessandextremetiredness.Incontrast,theplantsthemselveswerewelladaptedtothecoldanddryenvironment.Eachplantwasverysmall,aboutthesizeofacoin,andcontainedahighamountofsugarthatactedlikenaturalantifreeze.Theirleavesgrewinacircularshape,helpingthemtrapwarmairandsurvivelong,freezingwinters.Althoughtheirrootsweretiny,onerootshowedabout20growthrings,suggestingthattheplanthadsurvivedtherefornearlytwodecades.ClimatechangehaswarmedtheHimalayas,allowingplantstogrowhigherasglaciers(冰川)retreat.Dolezalestimatesthatduringtheshortgrowingseason,temperaturesinthisareahaverisenbyabout6℃overthepastdecade.Plantsneedatleast40frost-freedayseachyeartogrow,andsuchconditionsarenowappearingintheHimalayas.“I’msurprisedattheelevation—it’sveryhigh,”saysJanSalick,abotanistatMissouriBotanicalGardeninStLouis.Butsheisencouragedthatplantsmaybeabletomovetohigheraltitudesthanpreviouslythought,andkeepupwithclimatechange.Aspartoftheresearch,shehasfoundalpine(高山的)plantsintheHimalayasmovingupwardsat0.06metresayear,whilethetemperaturebandtheyusuallyoccupyisoutpacingthembyrisingat6metresayear.Thefearisthatthetemperatureincreaseisencouragingthetreelinetorisetoo,whichcouldreducethespaceavailableforalpineplants.13.Whatisafeatureofthecushionplants?A.Theydependonthefairlyfertilesoil. B.Theyspreadwidelyacrossthemountain.C.Theycantoleratecoldanddryness. D.Theygrowfasterthanotheralpineplants.14.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoillustrateaboutthecushionplantsinparagraph3?A.Howscientistsdiscoveredtheirhabitat. B.Howtheysurviveinthetoughconditions.C.Howclimatechangeimpactstheirdistribution. D.Howtheyposeathreattolocalspecies.15.WhyareplantslikelytogrowevenhigherintheHimalayas?A.Seedsarespreadingmoreeasily.B.Mountainsoilsarebecomingricher.C.Theirfrost-freegrowingperiodsareextending.D.Glaciersattheheightareappearinginlargenumbers.16.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeHelpsPlantsGrowHigherB.Record-breakingPlantsWereFoundintheHimalayasC.CushionPlantsAretheMostResistantPlantsintheWorldDAlpinePlantsFaceaSeriousSurvivalProblemintheHimalayas【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家在喜马拉雅地区发现了6种生长在破纪录高海拔的垫状植物，介绍了这些植物的特性，分析气候变化对植物高海拔迁徙的影响以及科学家对此现象的看法。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theseplantswerefoundonasmall,rockyareanolargerthanafootballfield,andtheyaremoreresistanttocoldanddryconditionsthanmostplants.(这些植物被发现长在一个不比足球场大的小岩石区域，它们比大多数植物更能抵抗寒冷和干燥的条件。)”可知，垫状植物比多数植物更耐受寒冷干旱环境。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Incontrast,theplantsthemselveswerewelladaptedtothecoldanddryenvironment.Eachplantwasverysmall,aboutthesizeofacoin,andcontainedahighamountofsugarthatactedlikenaturalantifreeze.Theirleavesgrewinacircularshape,helpingthemtrapwarmairandsurvivelong,freezingwinters.Althoughtheirrootsweretiny,onerootshowedabout20growthrings,suggestingthattheplanthadsurvivedtherefornearlytwodecades.(相比之下，这些植物本身很好地适应了寒冷干燥的环境。每株植物都很小，大约有一枚硬币那么大，含有大量的糖，这些糖就像天然防冻剂一样。它们的叶子呈圆形生长，有助于它们捕获温暖的空气，在漫长而寒冷的冬天生存下来。尽管它们的根很小，但其中一根显示出大约20个生长轮，这表明这种植物在那里存活了近二十年。)”可知，本段开头说这些植物能够很好地适应寒冷干燥的环境，随后从植株大小、天然防冻的高糖分、聚热的叶片形态、长期存活的根系特点等多个方面，介绍了垫状植物如何适应恶劣的高海拔环境，即说明它们如何在艰苦条件存活。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ClimatechangehaswarmedtheHimalayas,allowingplantstogrowhigherasglaciers(冰川)retreat.(气候变化使喜马拉雅山脉变暖，随着冰川的退缩，植物得以生长得更高。)”和“Plantsneedatleast40frost-freedayseachyeartogrow,andsuchconditionsarenowappearingintheHimalayas.(植物每年至少需要40天的无霜期才能生长，喜马拉雅山脉现在也出现了这种情况。)”可知，植物每年至少需要40天的无霜期才能生长，而气候变暖让喜马拉雅山脉气温升高，高海拔地区的无霜生长期变长，满足了植物生长的需求，因此植物才能在更高的地方生长。故选C。【16题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Scientistshavediscoveredsixspeciesofcushion(垫)plantsgrowingatarecord-breakingheightonMountShukuleⅡintheLadakhregionofIndia.(科学家在印度拉达克地区的ShukuleⅡ山上发现了六种生长在破纪录高度的垫状植物。)”可知，本文主要围绕科学家在破纪录高海拔地区发现的垫状植物展开，介绍了这些植物的特性，分析气候变化对植物高海拔迁徙的影响以及科学家对此现象的看法。因此B项“喜马拉雅山脉发现了破纪录植物”最适合作本文标题。故选B。5.（2026·安徽铜陵·一模）Arabidopsisthaliana(拟南芥),asmallthinweedofthemustardfamily,neverseemedlikelytogainscientificfame.Yetthiscommonplanthasgreatlychangedfromanignoredweedtoabiologicalsuperstarduetoscientists’foresight,continuousexplorationandjointefforts.Arabidopsis’journeybeganwithyounggeneticistGeorgeRédei.Atfirst,Rédei’sresearchonthisweedwaswidelydoubtedbecausemanythoughtonlyvaluablecropsordecorativeplantswereworthstudying.ButhecarrieditsseedsallthetimeandlatercontinuedresearchintheUS.InspiredbyGermanbotanistFriedrichLaibach,hesawitsvalueasamodelorganism,similartofruitfliesingenetics.Comparedwithcornandwheat,Arabidopsishasclearadvantages:smallsize,shortgrowthcycle,manyseeds,butwhatsetsitapartfromotherexperimentalplantsisitsonlyfivepairsofchromosomes(染色体),makinggenelocationmucheasier.Inthe1980s,youngscientistslikeChrisSomervilleandElliotMeyerowitzalsonoticeditspotential.Theyproveditsvaluethroughexperiments,findingitssmallgenomewithlittlerepeatedDNAmadegenediscoveryeasier.In2000,aglobalteamfinisheditsresearchandpublishedtheresultinNature,whichprovidedasolidbaseforfuturestudies.Today,researchesonArabidopsishaveprovidedimportantsupportforcropoutputexpansion,ecologicalsystemmanagementandclimatechangereduction.Forinstance,thegenesidentifiedinArabidopsishavehelpedscientistsunderstandthefruitdevelopmentmechanismoftomatoesandimprovethestressresistanceofrice.Beyondplantscience,Arabidopsishasalsobroughtnewinsightstohumanhealthresearch.Notably,about70%ofhumancancer-relatedgenesandgenesrelatedtoneurologicaldiseasessuchasAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sallexistinthisplant.Arabidopsisisnotwithoutlimitations.Itssimplestructure,whileusefulforgeneticresearch,cannotfullyrepresentthecomplexityofcropslikewheatorcorn.However,evenwiththeseconcerns,thisonce-ignoredweedhasalreadyprovedthatgreatscientificvaluecanlieinthemostunexpectedplaces,anditcontinuestoinspireresearcherstoexplorethemysteriesoflife.17.WhatisspecialaboutArabidopsisasamodelorganism?A.Itsabundantseeds. B.Itsbrieflifeperiod.C.Itsfewchromosomes. D.Itsuniqueoutershape.18.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheArabidopsisresearch?A.Itcastnewlightonmedicalstudies. B.Itprioritizedtraditionalmodelorganisms.C.Itgainedsupportfrommostgeneticists. D.Ittargetedmajormanagementproblems.19.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A.ToprovethecomplexityofArabidopsis. B.TostressthelimitationsofArabidopsis.C.TorestatetheimportanceofArabidopsis. D.TounderlinethestructureofArabidopsis.20.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheApplicationsofArabidopsisStudiesB.TheLinkbetweenArabidopsisandHumansC.TheDiscoveryofSmallGenomeinArabidopsisD.TheCourseofArabidopsisfromWeedtoTreasure【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Comparedwithcornandwheat,Arabidopsishasclearadvantages:smallsize,shortgrowthcycle,manyseeds,butwhatsetsitapartfromotherexperimentalplantsisitsonlyfivepairsofchromosomes(染色体),makinggenelocationmucheasier.(与玉米和小麦相比，拟南芥具有明显优势：植株小、生长周期短、种子数量多，而让它区别于其他实验植物的特点在于它仅有五对染色体，这使得基因定位更为简便。)”可知，拟南芥作为模式生物的特别之处是染色体数量少。故选C项。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Beyondplantscience,Arabidopsishasalsobroughtnewinsightstohumanhealthresearch.(除植物科学外，拟南芥也为人类健康研究带来了新的见解。)”可知，该研究为医学研究提供了新的思路。故选A项。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,evenwiththeseconcerns,thisonce-ignoredweedhasalreadyprovedthatgreatscientificvaluecanlieinthemostunexpectedplaces,anditcontinuestoinspireresearcherstoexplorethemysteriesoflife.(然而，即便存在这些顾虑，这种曾被忽视的杂草已然证明：巨大的科学价值可能蕴藏在最意想不到的地方，并且它仍在激励着研究者们探索生命的奥秘。)”可知，最后一段是为了重申拟南芥的重要性。故选C项。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yetthiscommonplanthasgreatlychangedfromanignoredweedtoabiologicalsuperstarduetoscientists’foresight,continuousexplorationandjointefforts.(然而，得益于科学家们的远见卓识、不断探索与通力合作，这种常见植物已从一种无人问津的杂草，摇身一变成为了生物界的明星。)”及全文内容可知，文章介绍拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示，所以“拟南芥：从杂草到瑰宝的蜕变之路”符合文意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。6.（2026·河北张家口·一模）Ateamofresearcherssuggeststhatpigeons,commonbirdsfamousfortheiramazingabilitytofinddirections,cansenseEarth’smagneticfield(磁场)bydetectingtinyelectriccurrentsintheirinnerears.Theteamcarriedoutadvancedbrainmappingandsingle-cellRNAanalyzingofpigeoninner-earcells.Bothformsofevidenceshowthattheinnerearisthebirds“magnetoreception”organ.Inthestudy,professorDavidKeaysandhiscolleaguesdesignedanexperimenttofindouthowpigeons’brainsrespondtomagneticfields.TheyexposedpigeonstoamagneticfieldslightlystrongerthanEarth’sforoveranhour.Theteamusedamethodtomeasuretheactivationpatternsofneurons(神经元)acrossthebrainbydetectingageneticmarkerofcellactivityinpigeonbrains.Brainactivitymapsofbirdsexposedtomagneticfieldswerecomparedwiththoseofacontrolgroupnotexposedtosuchfields.Theresultsrevealedneuronalactivityrelatedtomagneticfieldsinthebrainregionthatreceivessignalsfromthevestibularsystem—akeypartoftheinnerearresponsibleforbalanceandsenseofspace.Thisresultnarroweddownthepossiblecompasses(指南针)toone—thevestibularsystem.Furtheranalysisfocusedontheinnerear.Usingsingle-cellRNAanalysis-researchersidentifiedauniquetypeofhaircell—typeⅡ.Thesecellscontainspecialproteinsthatmakethemsensitivetotheslightestchangesinelectricalpotential.Whenabirdfliesandmovesitshead,liquidintheinnerearshifts,crossesmagneticfieldlines,andgeneratesaweakelectriccurrent.Thesesensitivecellsdetectthissignalandsendtheinformationtothebrain.Thediscoveryexplainsmanyobservedbehaviors.Forexample,homingpigeonsoftencircleinplacebeforechoosingaflightdirection.Itisnowclearthatsuchmovementsarenecessarytoactivatetheirbiologicalcompass—headmovementsstrengthenthesignaldetectedbytheinnerear.21.Whatcana“magnetoreception”organmostprobablydo?A.Detectinnerearcells.B.Blockelectriccurrents.C.SenseEarth’smagneticfield.D.Strengthenthemap-readingability.22.Whatdidthe