2026年高考英语终极冲刺：压轴题05 阅读理解CD篇（观念、事理、现象类）（解析版）

3/17压轴题05阅读理解C、D篇命题预测分析近年高考英语阅读理解C、D篇命题规律，观念、事理、现象类是高频压轴题材，选材多来自英美主流报刊、心理研究、社会观察、教育评论、生活哲学，聚焦社会现象、心理规律、认知误区、行为逻辑、生活哲理、价值观念。文章逻辑性极强、观点鲜明、论证严密，长难句与对比结构密集，侧重考查逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括、词义猜测。2026年高考仍会重点考查，命题更贴近青年成长、心理认知、社会反思、科技伦理、生活选择，强调辩证思维与理性判断。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题主旨大意题观点态度/写作意图题观念、事理、现象类基本规律及解题要领高考此类阅读多无标题，结构严谨、说理清晰，一般分为四部分：首段：用生活现象/日常事例/普遍认知引出核心话题、观念、事理或社会现象。背景/误区：介绍大众看法、传统观念、现象成因、现实背景。主干：分析原因、论证观点、正反对比、研究依据、专家解读，层层深入。结尾：总结观点、给出建议、升华启示、反思社会/人生。二、观念、事理、现象类解题技巧1.抓语篇结构，快速锁定主旨用略读法速读首尾段+各段首尾句，圈出phenomenon/view/truth/idea/attitude等标志词。常见行文逻辑：现象解释型：引出现象→分析原因→阐述影响→给出对策观点反驳型：大众观点→作者观点→论据支撑→结论启示事理说明型：提出道理→举例论证→研究证明→生活应用2.定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理优先定位：转折词、因果词、对比词、专家人名、研究结论。长难句处理：抓主句谓语，剥离插入语、定语、状语，理清逻辑层次。答案原则：原文同义替换、合理推断、忠于作者立场，不主观臆断。3.重点关注观点态度与情感色彩文中psychologists/experts/researchers/author的表述是态度题、意图题题眼。态度词高频：supportive/critical/objective/concerned/optimistic/doubtful。4.紧盯转折与因果，抓住核心逻辑高频逻辑词：however/but/yet/while/therefore/thus/because/dueto转折后是作者真实观点；因果处是现象本质原因，均为高频考点。5.熟悉选项设置规律，快速排除干扰正确选项：概括全面、符合主旨、态度中立或明确、同义改写。干扰项：以偏概全（用细节代替主旨）偷换观点（把大众看法当作者观点）无中生有（原文未提及的道理/现象）绝对化表述（only/never/all等过于绝对）6.标题归纳技巧（此类专用）必须包含核心现象/观念/事理（如choiceparadox,memoryediting,resilience）。简洁醒目，体现观点或现象本质。常见格式：现象/观念+意义/启示/分析。05观念、事理、现象类1.（2026·安徽巢湖·一模）Oneofthebestthingsthatcanhappentoazoooraquarium(水族馆)isforoneoftheirresidentanimalstogoviral.JustlookatthelonglinestoseeMooDeng,ahippoinThailandwhohasbecomeanInternethitfollowingherbirth.Meanwhile,Pesto—ababykingpenguinwhowaseatingmorefishthanhisparentsbythetimehewasafewweeksold—isalsoanonlinecelebrity.Wehavetoadmitthatcuteanimalsmakemoney.Admissionticketsareonlythebeginning.Manyzoosandaquariumsofferspecial“behindthescenes”or“zookeeperforaday”packagesatmuchhigherprices.Therealproduct,though,ismerchandise.Stuffedanimals,T-shirts,fridgemagnets,keychains,kids’booksandotherbrandedproductsareamajorwayforzoosandaquariumstomakemoney.Butwhathappenswhenthesecuteanimalsbecome,well,lesscute?TheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumhasalreadybeenplanningforthenextphaseofPesto’slifeandansweringquestionsfromthepublicabouthischangingappearance.It’snormalforkingpenguinstolosetheirfeathersbythetimethey’reaboutayearoldandbecomeconfidentswimmers.Asaresult,guestshavestartedaskingwhyPestolooksdifferent—orwhytheycan’tfindhimatall.AnanimalconservationgroupbasedintheUKhasspokenoutagainstzoosandaquariumsmakinganimalsgoviral.“Theindividualanimalremainsinanunnaturalcaptiveenvironmentwithlittleornochanceofbeingreintroducedintothewild.”Ratherthanvisitingazootoseea“famous”wildanimal,thisgroupencouragesanyonewhoisinterestedintheseanimalstolearnaboutandsupporttheconservationoftheirhabitatsinthewild.Usingtheconventionallyadorableanimalsisagoodwaytogetpeopleinthedoorofzoosandaquariums,butthemoneygeneratedbymerchandisecanalsopayforthehabitatsofmanyotherspecies.“Ourfocusisn’tonpromotingindividualanimalsbutonsharingtheincrediblestoriesthathighlighttheimportantworkwedoasanaquarium,”saystherepresentativeforSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.“Pesto’sstoryresonateddeeplywithpeopleworldwide,butit’sjustoneexampleofthemanyheartwarmingandinfluentialtaleswehavetoshare.”1.Whichisthemostprofitablesourceofincomeforzoosandaquariums?A.Sellingadmissiontickets.B.“Zookeeperforaday”program.C.Offeringrelevantsetsandsellinggoods.D.Makinganimalsgainrapidpopularityonline.2.WhatcanweinferfromtheSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium’splan?A.ItisworriedaboutPesto’shealthproblems.B.ItwilltransformPesto’sappearance.C.ItexpectsPestotocontinueattractingattention.D.Itwillshiftfocustootheranimals.3.Whatcanweknowabouttheanimalconservationgroup?A.Itcallsonthepublictoadopt“famous”animals.B.Itsupportstheprotectionofanimals’habitats.C.Itencouragesthegovernmenttocancelzoos.D.Itsuggestsbuildingaquariumsinnaturalenvironments.4.WhatistherepresentativeofSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium’sattitudetopromotingfamousanimals?A.Negative. B.Indifferent. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园和水族馆中动物在网上走红能带来经济效益，包括门票、特色项目及商品销售等，但也存在动物长大后不那么可爱的问题，同时提及动物保护组织对此的反对观点以及墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的看法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Admissionticketsareonlythebeginning.Manyzoosandaquariumsofferspecial“behindthescenes”or“zookeeperforaday”packagesatmuchhigherprices.Therealproduct,though,ismerchandise.Stuffedanimals,T-shirts,fridgemagnets,keychains,kids’booksandotherbrandedproductsareamajorwayforzoosandaquariumstomakemoney.(门票只是开始。许多动物园和水族馆以更高的价格提供特殊的“幕后参观”或“一日饲养员”套餐。然而，真正的盈利产品是商品。毛绒玩具、T恤、冰箱贴、钥匙链、儿童书籍和其他品牌产品是动物园和水族馆赚钱的主要方式。)”可知，对于动物园和水族馆来说，最有利可图的收入来源是提供相关套餐并销售商品，故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“TheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumhasalreadybeenplanningforthenextphaseofPesto’slifeandansweringquestionsfromthepublicabouthischangingappearance.Asaresult,guestshavestartedaskingwhyPestolooksdifferent—orwhytheycan’findhimatall.(墨尔本海洋生物水族馆已经在为佩斯托生命的下一阶段做规划，并回答公众关于它外貌变化的问题。结果，游客们开始询问为什么佩斯托看起来不一样了——或者为什么他们根本找不到它了。)”可知，水族馆针对佩斯托外貌变化及游客疑问做规划，说明它期望佩斯托继续吸引关注，故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Ratherthanvisitingazootoseea“famous”wildanimal,thisgroupencouragesanyonewhoisinterestedintheseanimalstolearnaboutandsupporttheconservationoftheirhabitatsinthewild.(该组织不鼓励人们去动物园看“著名”野生动物，而是鼓励任何对这些动物感兴趣的人了解并支持保护它们在野外的栖息地。)”可知，这个动物保护组织支持保护动物的栖息地，故选B项。【 4题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ourfocusisn’tonpromotingindividualanimalsbutonsharingtheincrediblestoriesthathighlighttheimportantworkwedoasanaquarium,”saystherepresentativeforSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.“Pesto’sstoryresonateddeeplywithpeopleworldwide,butit’sjustoneexampleofthemanyheartwarmingandinfluentialtaleswehavetoshare.”(墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的代表说：“我们的重点不是推广个别动物，而是分享那些精彩的故事，这些故事凸显了我们作为水族馆所做的重要工作。佩斯托的故事在全球引起了强烈共鸣，但这只是我们要分享的众多温馨且有影响力的故事之一”)”可知，水族馆代表认为推广著名动物能分享精彩故事，凸显水族馆工作，对推广著名动物持支持态度，故选C项。2.（2026·江西·一模）China’ssuccessinliftingmillionsoutofpovertyoffersvaluablelessonsandanewpathforcountriesintheGlobalSouth,accordingtoexpertsatahigh-levelforuminBeijing.TheeventbroughttogetherofficialsandscholarstodiscussthekeystoChina’sachievementsandhowtheycanhelpotherdevelopingnationswiththeirownmodernization.AChineseofficialemphasizedthatthecountry’spovertyreductionpoliciesarepeople-centered,basedonscience,anddesignedtofititsownnationalconditions.Thisapproachprovideslearnableandsuitableexperiencesfordevelopingnationsfacingsimilarchallenges.Importantly,Chinahaspromotedglobalpovertyreductionthroughaction,notbyexportingitsmodelorsettingstrictrulesforothers.Thecountryhasalsoprovidedlargeamountsofdevelopmentfunds,supportingthousandsofprojectstoboostgrowthintheGlobalSouth.Chinaplanstostrengthencooperationwithinternationalorganizations,focusingonbuildingabilities,developingtalent,andimprovingagriculture.TheUnitedNationsresidentcoordinatorinChinanotedthatChina’sjourneyoffersdeepinsightsfortheGlobalSouth.Overthepastfortyyears,China’ssuccesshasaccountedforover70percentofglobalpovertyreduction.ArepresentativefromtheInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentaddedthatpovertyreductionismorethanjustraisingincomes.Itisalsoaboutstrengtheningruralcommunities,empoweringpeople,andrevitalizingruraleconomiessothatgrowthbecomesbothinclusiveandlong-lasting.China’spovertyreductionisnotjustagrandstorybutisrootedindailypractice.SharingthesebestandadaptablepracticesiscentraltoChina’sefforts.Forexample,aprojectinTanzaniahelpedlocalfarmersgreatlyincreasetheircornproductionbyusingmorecarefulandhard-workingfarmingmethods.Afternearlytenyears,thistechniquehasbeenwidelyadopted.AnothersuccessstoryisChina’sJuncaotechnology.Thislow-costtechnologyusesaspecialkindofgrasstogrowmushroomsandfeedanimals.Ithasbeenintroducedinover100countriesandhashelpedmanyfamiliesescapepovertyandbecomesuccessfulbusinessowners.Thesepracticalexamplesshowhowadaptablesolutionscanmakearealdifference.5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopraiseChina’srapideconomicgrowth.B.TocallontheGlobalSouthtocopyChina’smodel.C.TocompareChina’sdevelopmentmodelwithothercountries’.D.TodiscusshowChina’spovertyexperienceshelptheGlobalSouth.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.China’spovertyreductionstrategycombinesuniversalprincipleswithrespectfornationaldifferences.B.Chinabelievesitsdevelopmentmodelmustbecopiedexactlybyothercountriestoachievesuccess.C.TheprimarygoalofChina’sinternationalcooperationistoexpanditspoliticalinfluence.D.FinancialaidistheonlysignificantwayChinacontributestoglobalpovertyreduction.7.Whatdoessuccessfulpovertyreductioninvolve?A.Relyingmainlyonfinancialsupportfrominternationalorganizations.B.Primarilyfocusingonboostingindividualhouseholdincomelevels.C.Increasingincomeswhilealsobuildingresilientandempoweredruralsocieties.D.FollowingChina’sdevelopmentmodelexactlytoachievesimilarscaleofsuccess.8.WhatdotheexamplesofTanzaniaandRwandashow?A.Practicalandadaptableagriculturalsolutionscaneffectivelypromotepovertyreduction.B.China’sprimarygoalistoexportitscompleteagriculturalsystemstoothercountries.C.OnlyChinese-developedtechnologiesaresuccessfulinaddressingglobalpoverty.D.Theseprojectsfocusmainlyonprovidingdirectfinancialaidtofarmers.【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了中国在扶贫领域取得的巨大成功如何为其他全球南方国家提供宝贵经验。文章强调了中国以人为本、因地制宜的扶贫理念，以及通过分享实用、低成本的技术(如玉米种植和菌草技术)，为寻求可持续发展的国家提供了可借鉴的解决方案，而非一个固定的模式。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“China’ssuccessinliftingmillionsoutofpovertyoffersvaluablelessonsandanewpathforcountriesintheGlobalSouth,accordingtoexpertsatahigh-levelforuminBeijing.TheeventbroughttogetherofficialsandscholarstodiscussthekeystoChina’sachievementsandhowtheycanhelpotherdevelopingnationswiththeirownmodernization.(在北京举行的一场高级别论坛上，专家们表示，中国成功使数百万民众摆脱贫困这一成就为全球南方国家提供了宝贵的经验和新的发展路径。此次论坛汇集了官员和学者，旨在探讨中国取得成就的关键因素，并探讨这些因素如何能帮助其他发展中国家实现自身的现代化进程。)”结合本文探讨了中国在扶贫领域取得的巨大成功如何为其他全球南方国家提供宝贵经验。文章强调了中国以人为本、因地制宜的扶贫理念，以及通过分享实用、低成本的技术(如玉米种植和菌草技术)，为寻求可持续发展的国家提供了可借鉴的解决方案，而非一个固定的模式。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是讨论中国在脱贫方面的经验如何对全球南方地区产生积极影响。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Importantly,Chinahaspromotedglobalpovertyreductionthroughaction,notbyexportingitsmodelorsettingstrictrulesforothers.(重要的是，中国是通过实际行动来推动全球减贫事业的，而非通过输出其模式或对其他国家强加严格规定。)”可知，中国的减贫策略既遵循普遍原则，又考虑到各国的差异。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ArepresentativefromtheInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentaddedthatpovertyreductionismorethanjustraisingincomes.Itisalsoaboutstrengtheningruralcommunities,empoweringpeople,andrevitalizingruraleconomiessothatgrowthbecomesbothinclusiveandlong-lasting.(国际农业发展基金的一位代表补充说，减贫不仅仅是提高收入这么简单。它还涉及加强农村社区建设、增强民众能力以及振兴农村经济，从而使经济增长既具有包容性又持久。)”可知，成功的减贫工作既要提高收入水平，也要建设具有韧性和充满活力的农村社会。故选C。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thesepracticalexamplesshowhowadaptablesolutionscanmakearealdifference.(这些实际案例表明，灵活多变的解决方案能够产生切实的影响。)”可知，坦桑尼亚和卢旺达的例子表明实用且具有适应性的农业解决方案能够有效地促进减贫。故选A。3.（2026·天津联考·一模）It’shardformetoremembernowtheexactmomentwhenmyambitionfororderdied.Aboutthreeyearsagomyfamilymovedintoanewhouse,andamongitssellingpointswasastudywithpre-installedbookshelves.Justafterthemoversdeparted,Icasuallyseparatedthefictionfromthenon-fiction,arrangingthebooksalphabeticallybyauthor.Everythingseemedperfect,butthatdidn’tlastlong.IrecentlywenthuntingformycopyofLydiaDavis’sEssays,acollectionofnon-fictionsthatturnedupstuffedsidewaysonashelfwheretheworksofPhilipRothfirsttookupresidence.ThisinvasionwouldhavebeenunthinkablewhenIfirstmovedin,andthesearchitselfrevealedmoreshelvingchaos:Biographiesnowlieinmemoirsandshortstorycollections;oversizednovelsrestontopofthecarefullyshelved,cooperativelysizedtradepaperbacks.ThelateFrenchnovelistGeorgesPerecunderstoodtheanxietyofshelving.InhisBriefNotesontheArtandMannerofArrangingOne’sBooks,Perec’sdiscussionofthemanymethodsforhandlingyourpersonallibraryonlyshowshowimpossiblethetaskis.Youcould,forinstance,agreeonlytokeep365booksinyourlibrary—buyonebook,getridofone.Butthen,hewrites,you’dhavetodecidewhata“book”is.Isathree-volumeseriesonebookorthree?Maybeit’sbettertostickwith365authorsinsteadofbooks.Butthensomebooksareanonymous(匿名的),andsomedon’tmakesensewithoutothersinthesamecategory.Perecdiedin1982,withmorethan1,800booksinhishomelibrary.Wecancategorizebooksalphabetically,butalsobyregion,color,publicationdate,genre(体裁)andmore.Buteitherway,Perecinsists,wearedoomed(注定的)tofailure.That’spartlybecauseanyonebookhassomanydifferentwaystobeuncooperative.Sometimesabookresistsviasize.WheredoIputChrisWare’sBuildingStories,publishedinaboard-game-sizedbox?Andincreasingly,shelvingbygenreisaheadache.Wheredoestheautofictionorcross-genrenovelsgo?IhadahardtimefindingthatDavisbook,andthoughtherewerethingstoregretduringtheprocess,therewerealsothingstodiscoversuchasthebooksIfondlyremember.SinceMay2021,I’vebeendoingwritingconsultationsoverZoom(视频会议)throughapubliclibrary,whichmeansexposingmymessyshelvestopublicexamination.Iknowthateverybodyistoopolitetosayanythingaboutit.Butifsomebodydid,I’djusttellthemwhatPerecknewallalong—aneatlibraryisadeadone,andI’llacceptalittlechaosasproofofmyliving.9.Whatmadetheauthor’sbookshelvesmessy?A.Themovers’improperarrangementofbooks.B.Thelackofenoughspaceforthegrowingbooks.C.Thegradualdisorderofbooksindifferentcategories.D.Theauthor’scarelessactofputtingbooksrandomly.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutGeorgesPerecfromthetext?A.Hethoughtarrangingbookswasaneasytask.B.Hekepthisbooksinastrictlyorderedway.C.Heputforwardapracticalwaytoarrangebooks.D.Herealizedthedifficultyoforganizingapersonallibrary.11.Whyisarrangingbooksbygenrebecomingtroublesome?A.Somebooksareofunusualsizesandshapes.B.Somebooksbelongtomixedliterarytypes.C.Moreanonymousbooksarebeingpublished.D.It’shardtotellthepublicationdateofbooks.12.WhatdoestheauthorfindduringtheprocessoflookingforLydiaDavis’sEssays?A.Hislovefororderedbookshelvesiscomingback.B.Hemissesthedayswhentheshelveswereneat.C.Herediscoverssomebookshehasfondmemoriesof.D.Hefeelsembarrassedaboutthepublic’sexaminationofhisshelves.13.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressbysaying“aneatlibraryisadeadone”?A.Atidylibrarylacksthevitalityofreadingandlife.B.Noonecankeepalibraryneatforeverindailylife.C.Aneatlibraryreflectsalackofpassionandcuriosityinreadingandlife.D.Peopleshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeorganizingbooks.【答案】9.C10.D11.B12.C13.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类散文。文章通过作者个人书架从有序到混乱的经历，探讨了书籍整理的不可能性及其背后蕴含的生活哲学。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的描述“ThisinvasionwouldhavebeenunthinkablewhenIfirstmovedin,andthesearchitselfrevealedmoreshelvingchaos:Biographiesnowlieinmemoirsandshortstorycollections;oversizednovelsrestontopofthecarefullyshelved,cooperativelysizedtradepaperbacks.(当我刚搬进来的时候，这种入侵是不可想象的，而搜索本身就揭示了书架上更多的混乱：传记现在躺在回忆录和短篇小说集里；超大的小说放在精心摆放的平装书上面。)”可知，作者的书架变得混乱是因为不同类别的书籍逐渐混杂在一起。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“InhisBriefNotesontheArtandMannerofArrangingOne’sBooks,Perec’sdiscussionofthemanymethodsforhandlingyourpersonallibraryonlyshowshowimpossiblethetaskis.(在《整理书籍的艺术与方式简记》中，Perec讨论了处理个人图书馆的多种方法，这只能说明这项任务是多么不可能完成。)”以及第四段的句子“Perecinsists,wearedoomedtofailure.(Perec坚持认为，我们注定失败)”可知，GeorgesPerec意识到整理个人图书馆是一项困难且注定失败的任务。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Andincreasingly,shelvingbygenreisaheadache.Wheredoestheautofictionorcross-genrenovelsgo?(而且，按体裁分类越来越令人头疼。自传体小说或跨体裁小说该放在哪里呢？)”可知，按体裁分类变得麻烦是因为有些书籍属于混合文学类型，难以归类。故选B项。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“IhadahardtimefindingthatDavisbook,andthoughtherewerethingstoregretduringtheprocess,therewerealsothingstodiscoversuchasthebooksIfondlyremember.(我很难找到那本Davis的书，虽然过程中有一些遗憾，但也有一些发现，比如我怀念的那些书)”可知，在寻找LydiaDavis的散文集过程中，作者重新发现了一些留有美好回忆的书。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的语境，作者通过视频会议向公众展示凌乱的书架，并表示“I’llacceptalittlechaosasproofofmyliving(我会接受一点混乱作为我活着的证明)”。由此推断，“aneatlibraryisadeadone(整洁的图书馆是死的图书馆)”意指过于整洁的图书馆缺乏阅读和生活本身的活力——混乱恰恰证明书籍被真正阅读和使用。故选A项。4.（2026·天津河东区·一模）Personalgrowthisoftenmistakenlyregardedasasmoothupwardpathofachievements.Yetpsychologicalresearchandreal-lifeexperiencesconfirmadifferenttruth:resilience—theabilitytoadaptanddevelopamiddifficulties—istheunseenforcedrivingdeepandlastinggrowth.Inaneraofrapidchangesandunexpectedchallenges,developingresilienceisnotjustasurvivalskillbutakeypartofself-development,turningsetbacksintosteppingstones.Thelinkbetweendifficultiesandgrowthliesinthepositivepsychologicalchangesaftertoughlifeevents.Studiesshowthatthosewhodealwithhardshipsratherthanavoidthemgaingreaterself-awareness,deeperunderstandingofothers,andastrongersenseofpurpose.Forexample,peoplewhosurvivehealthproblemswithresilienceoftenadjusttheirthinking,regainingconfidenceintheirownabilitiesandvaluinglifemore.Thisgrowthdoesnotcomeautomatically;itcomesfromfacingdifficultiesonpurpose,strengtheningmentalstrengthjustasexercisebuildsmuscle.Resiliencealsoplaysanimportantroleinlifechanges.Youngpeopleenteringtheworkplacefacesetbackssuchasrejectedplansordisagreementsthatcauseself-doubt,butresilientpeopleseetheseaslearningchances.Theyanalyzetheirmistakes,askforadvice,anddevelopskillstomakeprogress.Similarly,peopletravelingaloneimproveresiliencebydealingwithunfamiliarenvironmentsontheirown,trustingtheirdecisionsandadaptingtodifficulties.Somepeoplearguethatfocusingonresilienceputspressureonpeopletoignorepain,butresiliencemeansrecognizingsufferingwithoutbeingcontrolledbyit.Itisaskillthatcanbedeveloped,notaninbornquality.Simplemethodssuchaschangingnegativethoughts,buildingsupportgroups,andpracticingthanksgivingcanstrengthenitovertime.Inasocietythatvaluesquicksolutions,wemustrealizethattruegrowthisbuiltonresilience.Difficultiesareanessentialpartofgrowth,notadetour.Developingresiliencehelpsusfacechallengesbravely,adaptsmoothly,andbecomestronger.Itremainsthemostreliablecompaniononthepathtomeaningfulpersonalgrowth.14.Whatisthecommonmisunderstandingaboutpersonalgrowthaccordingtothepassage?A.Itrequiresgreateffortstoachieve. B.Itisasmoothprocessfullofachievements.C.Ithasacloseconnectionwithdifficulties. D.Itcanonlybegainedthroughworkexperience.15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofdealingwithhardshipsactively?A.Gainingabetterunderstandingofoneself. B.Developingastrongersenseofpurpose.C.Avoidingallthepaininlife. D.Learningtovaluelifemore.16.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutresilience?A.Itcanbeimprovedthroughcertainmethods. B.Itisaskillthatonlyafewpeoplecanhave.C.Ithasnothingtodowithlifechanges. D.Itmakespeopleignoretheirsufferings.17.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdifficultiesinpersonalgrowth?A.Theyareunnecessaryobstaclestoavoid. B.Theyarekeypartsoftruepersonalgrowth.C.Theymakepeopleloseconfidenceeasily. D.Theycanonlybesolvedwithquicksolutions.18.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thewaystodealwithlife’sdifficulties.B.Theimportanceofquicksolutionsinmodernsociety.C.Resilienceisthekeydriverofpersonalgrowth.D.Differentopinionsontheroleofresilience.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.B18.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正了人们对个人成长常见误解，指出韧性（在困境中适应和成长的能力）才是推动个人深度且持久成长的隐形力量，阐释了韧性与困境、成长的关系，介绍了韧性的培养方法及其重要意义。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Personalgrowthisoftenmistakenlyregardedasasmoothupwardpathofachievements.(个人成长常常被错误地认为是一条充满成就的平稳上升之路。)”可知，人们对个人成长的常见误解是认为它是一个充满成就的平稳过程。故选B项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studiesshowthatthosewhodealwithhardshipsratherthanavoidthemgaingreaterself-awareness,deeperunderstandingofothers,andastrongersenseofpurpose.Forexample,peoplewhosurvivehealthproblemswithresilienceoftenadjusttheirthinking,regainingconfidenceintheirownabilitiesandvaluinglifemore.(研究表明，那些直面困难而非逃避困难的人，会获得更强的自我意识、更深刻的他人理解和更坚定的目标感。例如，凭借韧性度过健康问题的人通常会调整自己的思维，重新获得对自身能力的信心，并更加珍惜生命。)”可知，积极应对困难的好处不包括避免生活中的所有痛苦。故选C项。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Itisaskillthatcanbedeveloped,notaninbornquality.Simplemethodssuchaschangingnegativethoughts,buildingsupportgroups,andpracticingthanksgivingcanstrengthenitovertime.(它是一种可以培养的技能，而非与生俱来的品质。通过改变消极想法、建立支持小组、练习感恩等简单方法，久而久之就能增强韧性。)”可推断，韧性可以通过某些方法得到提升。故选A项。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Difficultiesareanessentialpartofgrowth,notadetour.Developingresiliencehelpsusfacechallengesbravely,adaptsmoothly,andbecomestronger.(困难是成长的必要组成部分，而非弯路。培养韧性有助于我们勇敢面对挑战、顺利适应变化，并变得更强大。)”可推断，作者认为困难是真正个人成长的关键部分。故选B项。【18题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Yetpsychologicalresearchandreal-lifeexperiencesconfirmadifferenttruth:resilience—theabilitytoadaptanddevelopamiddifficulties—istheunseenforcedrivingdeepandlastinggrowth.(然而，心理学研究和现实生活经验证实了一个不同的真相：心理韧性——在困难中适应和发展的能力——是推动深刻而持久成长的看不见的力量。)”以及最后一段中的“Developingresiliencehelpsusfacechallengesbravely,adaptsmoothly,andbecomestronger.Itremainsthemostreliablecompaniononthepathtomeaningfulpersonalgrowth.(培养心理韧性有助于我们勇敢地面对挑战，顺利地适应环境，变得更强大。它仍然是通往有意义的个人成长道路上最可靠的伙伴。)”可知，文章主要论述了心理韧性是个人成长的关键驱动力。故选C项。5.（2026·河北唐山·一模）Morethan50yearsago,JaneGoodallstunnedthescientificcommunitybyreportingthatchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inTanzaniawereusingtoolstoextractinsectsoutoftheirnests.Thisobservationwasgroundbreaking,asscientistsbelievedtool-makingwasauniquelyhumancharacteristic.LouisLeakey,Goodall’sadvisor,famouslyresponded:“Nowwemustredefine‘tool’,redefine‘man’,oracceptchimpanzeesashumans.”Today,overwhelmingevidenceshowsthatmanyspecieslearnfromoneanother,developingculturalbehaviorsthatcanbepasseddownacrossgenerations.ArecentspecialissueofPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyBpresentsstudiesrangingfromwhalestowallabies,demonstratingthatsociallylearnedbehavioriswidespreadthroughouttheanimalkingdom.Formanyspecies,suchlearnedbehaviorisnotsimplyinterestingbutessential.Itallowsanimalstosharesurvivalskills,suchaswheretofindfoodorhowtoavoiddanger.Thesefindingsarealreadyinfluencingconservationpractices,fromreintroductionstomanagingconflictsbetweenhumansandwildlifeoverhabitatuse.Thisfocusonlearninghasalsoledtothegrowingideaof“longevity(长寿)conservation.”Studiessuggestthatsomelong-livedanimals,includingwhalesandgianttortoises,actaskeepersofecologicalknowledge.Theirlonglivesallowthemtoremembermigrationroutes,feedingareas,andresponsestoenvironmentalchange.Atthesametime,scientistsarestudyinghowtheseanimalsmaintaintheirhealthoverdecadesorevencenturies,discoveringbiologicalstrategiesthathelpresistdiseasesandrepaircells.Thesediscoveriesraisedifficultquestionsabouthowhumansdefineculturalheritage.Ifbirdsandwhaleshavetraditionssuchassongsorhuntingmethods,shouldthelossofthesebehaviorsbetreatedasseriouslyasthelossofhistoricalbuildings?Understandinganimalculturealsocastsdoubtonproposalssuchas“de-extinction,”whichaimstobringextinctspeciesbacktolife.Asaconservationstrategy,thisisfundamentallyunworkable.Withoutolderindividualstopassonknowledge,recreatedanimalswouldlacktheskillsneededtosurvive.Themorewelearnaboutotherspecies’cultures,theharderitistodenythatwearesurroundedbyaplanetfullof“others”.Trulyabsorbingthisknowledgemightjustencouragethemajorshiftweneedasprotectorsofthisrichbio-culturaldiversity.19.WhywasGoodall’sdiscoveryconsideredshockingatthetime?A.Shechallengedheradvisor. B.Louiscommentedonitpublicly.C.Chimpanzeeswererarelystudied. D.Onlyhumanswerebelievedtousetools.20.Whatcanbeinferredaboutanimals’learnedbehavior?AItisaffectedbygenes. B.Itexpandstheirhabitats.C.Itiscriticalfortheirsurvival. D.Itsettleshuman-wildlifeconflicts.21.Whatroledoolderanimalsplayaccordingtolongevityconservation?A.Protectorsofhabitats. B.Defendersagainstdiseases.C.Designersofmigrationroutes. D.Carriersofecologicalwisdom.22.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.TohonorJaneGoodall’swork. B.Tourgearethinkofanimals’cultures.C.Tocompareanimalculturalbehaviors. D.Toproposenewspeciesrevivaltechnologies.【答案】19.D20.C21.D22.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物也存在文化行为与知识传承，打破人类对工具使用与文化的独有认知，呼吁重新思考动物文化与保护方向。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thisobservationwasgroundbreaking,asscientistsbelievedtool-makingwasauniquelyhumancharacteristic.(这一观察具有开创性，因为科学家们认为制造工具是人类独有的特征。)”可知，当时科学界普遍认为只有人类才会制造和使用工具，而JaneGoodall发现坦桑尼亚的黑猩猩会使用工具从巢穴中提取昆虫，这一发现打破了人们的固有认知，因此令人震惊。故选D项。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Formanyspecies,suchlearnedbehaviorisnotsimplyinterestingbutessential.Itallowsanimalstosharesurvivalskills,suchaswheretofindfoodorhowtoavoiddanger.(对许多物种而言，这种习得行为不仅仅是有趣，更是至关重要的。它让动物能够分享生存技能，比如去哪里寻找食物或如何躲避危险。)”可知，动物的习得行为能帮助它们掌握寻找食物、躲避危险等关键生存技能，直接关系到它们的生存，因此对它们的生存至关重要。故选C项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Studiessuggestthatsomelong-livedanimals,includingwhalesandgianttortoises,actaskeepersofecologicalknowledge.Theirlonglivesallowthemtoremembermigrationroutes,feedingareas,andresponsestoenvironmentalchange.(研究表明，一些长寿动物，包括鲸鱼和巨龟，充当着生态知识的守护者。它们漫长的寿命使它们能够记住迁徙路线、觅食区域以及应对环境变化的方法。)”可知，根据长寿保护理论，年长的动物凭借漫长的寿命，储存并传承着迁徙、觅食、应对环境变化等生态知识，是生态智慧的承载者。故选D项。【22题详解】推理判断题。