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初中英语词汇辨析

1.clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词恒久是复数,cloth指布,为不行数名

词clothing服装的总称,

指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

incident指小事务,accident指不幸的事

故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

amount后接不行数名词,number后接可数名

词anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员。

Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪

音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,

drawing画的画

Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word详细的单

词Hehasalargevocabulary.

8.population,people

population人口,人数,people详细的

人Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

weather一天内详细的天气状况,climate长期的气候

况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

road详细的马路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道

路,途径

takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewa

ytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(详细的学科)

asummercourse

12.custom,habit

custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生

活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.

rvegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

cause指造成某一事实或现象的干脆缘由,后

接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来说明某种现象或

结果的理由,后

接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

exercise运动,熬炼(不行数),exercises练习(可数),practice

(反复做的)练习。

Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生

用class.Lesson6;Class5

16.speech,talk,lecture

speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活

中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture

学术性的演讲,讲课aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

officer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer

18.work,job

二者均指工作uwork不行数,job可数agoodjob。

19.couple,pair

couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东

西apairoftrousers

20.country,nation,state,land

country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧

重指政府,政体,land国土,

国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

damage不行数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿

金$900damages

23.police,policeman

police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个详细的警

察Thepolicearequestioning

everyoneinthehouse.

24.problem,question

problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常

为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,

多和ask,answer连用。

25.man,aman

man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡

肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

当电报解时,telegram指详细的,telegraph指抽象

的atelegram,bytelegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,

voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

sport多指户外的嬉戏或消遣活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;

game指确定输赢的嬉戏,通常有一套

规则llisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖

金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.

31.anumberof,thenumberof

anumberof很多,谓语动词用复数。

thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。Thenumberof

studentsisincreasing.

32.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的

前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.

33.oftheday,ofaday

oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday短暂的,

不许久的afamousscientistoftheday

34.threeofus,thethreeofus

threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,

thethreeofUS我们三个(就三个人)Thethreeofus

--Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

35.bybus,onthebus

bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,onthebus表范

围Theywenttherebybus.

36.foramoment,forthemoment

foramoment片亥一会儿,forthemoment短暂,一

时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.

37.nextyear,thenextyear

nextyear明年,将来时间状语,thenextyear其次年,过去

将来时间状语

Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超过

一年(两年或三年等)

39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice

takeadvice征求看法,taketheadvice接受忠

告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.

40.takeair,taketheair

takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,漫

步Wetaketheaireveryday.

41.inaword,inwords

inaword总之,一句话,inwords口头

,hInaword,youareright.

42.inplaceof,intheplaceof

inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地

方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldo

ne.

43.insecret,inthesecret

insecret隐私地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;

inthesecret知道内情,知道隐私,

一般用作表

语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

44.agirl,onegirl

agirl可泛指全部女孩,onegirl一个女

孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?

45.takeachair,takethechair

takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,

takethechair起先开会

46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea

50.inchargeof,inthechargeof

inchargeof管理,负责照

料,inthechargeof由...照

料Heisinchargeofthematter.

Thematterisinthechargeofher.

51.inclass,intheclass

inclass在课上,intheclass在班级

里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

52.onfire,onthefire

onfire着火,onthefire在火

上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.

53.outofquestion,outofthequestion

outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不

行能的

54.asecond,thesecond

asecond又一,再一,

thesecond第....Hewonthesecondprize.

55.byday,bytheday

byday白天,bytheclay按天计

算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.

56.thepeople,apeople

thepeople指人,apeople指民

族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.

57.it,one

it同一物体,one同类不同

_Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.

58.that,this

that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说

的Iwasill.That'swhy….

59.none,nothing,noone

none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指

物,noone指人

Howmany•••/Howmuch•,•?--None.

60.anyone,anyone

anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可

接c-fanyoneofyou

61.who,what

who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地

位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.

62.what,which

what的选择基础是无限制的,which在确定范围内进行选择

Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

63.other,another

other后接名词复数,another后接名词单

数etherstudents,anotherstudent

64.notalittle,notabit

notalittle特别,notabit一点也

不rmnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。

65.many,much,alotof

many和可数名词连用,much和不行数名词连用,alotof可

数,不行数均可,但不用于否定句

Ihaven'tmanybooks.

66.muchmorethan,manymorethan

muchmore…than后接形容词或不行数名词,

manymorethan后接可数名词manymore

people,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful

67.no,not

no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendn

owater=notanywater

68.nomorethan,notmorethan

nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至

多,不超过

69.majority,most

majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不行数均

可themajorityofpeople

70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,

tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,

自动的Thedooropenedofitself.

71.atall,afterall

atall根本,全然,afterall究竟,终

归Afterallheisachild.

72.tall,high

tall常指人或动物,high常指物体Heistall.

73.fast,quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事

完成或发生的快

runfast,answerthequestionquickly

74.high,highly

high详细的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

75.healthy,healthful

healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康

的healthfulexercise

76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困

的,有睡意的

asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.

77.gold,golden

gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼

用goldfish,agoldring

78.most,mostly

most用于表感受的确定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是

形容词或名词,

mostly大部分,是副

词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…

79.just,very

just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定

语theveryman,justtheman

80.wide,broad

wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广

broadshoulders

81.real,true

real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,tree真的,真

正的,指的是事实和实际状况相符合

realgold,atruestory

82.respectful,respectable

respectful敬重,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得敬重

的berespectfultotheaged

83.outwards,outward

二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容

词anoutwardvoyage

84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,

pleased主语常为人,

pleasing主语常为

物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.

85.understanding,understandable

understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable可理解的,

能够懂的

anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake

86.close,closely

close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密

地closelyconnected,standclose

87.ill,sick

ill做表语,sick定,表均可asickboy

88.good,well

good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容

词Heiswellagain.

89.quiet,silent,still

quiet宁静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,

still完全不动,完全无声响

Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,纹丝不动,也不说话。

90.hard,hardly

hard努力,hardly几乎

不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.

91.able,capable

able及不定式todo连用,capable及of连

用Heiscapableofdoing…

92.almost,nearly

二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用

用almostalmostnobody

93.late,lately

late迟,晚,lately最近,近

来Ihaven,tseenhimlately.

94.living,alive,live,lively

living,alive,live均为活着的Jiving定表均可,alive定

表均可,定语后置,live只能做

定语,lively意为活波

的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

95.excited,exciting

excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋

的rmexcited.Thenewsisexciting.

96.deep,deeply

deep详细的深,deeply抽象的深,深深

地deeplymoved,digdeep

97.aloud,loud

aloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)

98.worth,worthy

二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone

126.careabout,carefor

careabout关切,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;

carefor关切,照料,喜爱,情愿

Hedoesn,tcareabouthisclothes.Idon,tcar

eformovies.

127.catchacold,haveacold

catchacold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用,

而haveacold可以

Shehashadacoldforaweek.

128.changefor,changeinto

changefor调换成,changeinto变成

Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchan

gesintoice.

129.continue,last

二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动

Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestory

istobecontinued.

130.feed,raise

feed喂养,养活,饲养(togivefoodto),raise饲

养,哺育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)

raisethefamily

131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor

goforadoctor去请医生,gotoadoctor去看

132.notice,observe,catchsightof

notice留意到,observe视察,细致地看,

catchsightof突然看到observethestars

133.insiston,stickto

insiston坚持要求,后常接doing,stickto坚

持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan

134.look,seem,appear

look指从外表上看,seem指内心的推断,appear指给人以表

面的印象appearwise,

looklikehisfather

135.gather,collect

gather把分散的东西集中到一起,collect指细心地、有选择地进

行收集collectstamps

136.meantodo,meandoing

meantodo准备,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味

BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepracti

ce.

137.diefrom,dieof

diefrom表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,

dieof表示死于疾病,饥饿,

寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因

素dieofhungerandcold

138.payfor,payback,payoff

payfor为…付钱,payback还钱,但不确定还清,

payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt

139.divide,separate

divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开

dividetheapple,separatethehouses

140.arrive,get,reach

arrive不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点),get不

及物动词后接to,reach及物动词

arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijin

g

141.grow,plant

grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽

已经长成秧苗的植物

plantthetrees,treesaregrowing

142.manage,try

managetodo设法做成了某事,trytodo尽力去做某事

但不确定胜利

Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.

143.choose,select

choose凭个人的推断力进行选择,select有目的地细致细致地选

择choosethebestanswer

144.build,putup,setup,found

build一般用语,建成,putup临时搭建,setup建成(内

部的设施基本齐全),

found国家或组织的建

成putupatent,setupaschool

145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith

befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟识的,

befamiliarwith某人熟识某物

Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwith

thebook.

146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon

agreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,

agreeon在...上达成一样看法,主语是复数

agreewithyou,agreetotheplan

147.throwto,throwat

throwto扔到....,throwat朝...

扔Hethrowastoneatme.

148.receive,accept

receive收到某一东西,但不确定接受,accept接

受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.

149.wear,puton,dress

wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,

dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作

It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.

150.listen,hear

listen强调动作,hear强调结

果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.

151.look,see,watch

look看的动作,see看的结果,watch强调所看物体的改变、移

动和发展watchTV

152.lie,lay

lie躺,位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied),lay平放

(laid,laid)laythebook

153.workas,actas

workas工作是...,actas充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某

种角色Heworksasateacher.

Heactsasaninterpreter.

154.move,remove

move动一动,但不确定移走,remove从一处移到另一

处removethetabletothekitchen

155.hurt,injure,wound

hurt感情上受伤,injure事故中受伤,wound斗争中受

伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.

156.turn,get,grow

turn表突变,后常接表颜色的词,get强调变的结果,grow强

调过程,渐渐的改变

turnyellow,gettired,growbig

157.close,shut,turnoff

close和shut当关解时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,

turnoff用于指有开关的物体

Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.

158.setout,setabout,setoff

指动身,着手解时,setout后接todo,setabout后

接doing,setoff后接forsp.

159.begin,start

begin侧重时间的起先,反义词为end,start侧重由静到动的

转折,反义词为stop

Classbeginsat7:30a.m.

160.happen,takeplace

happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生,takeplace必定性

的发生

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.

161.at,in(表地点)

at小地点,in大地

点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai

162.atwork,inwork

atwork在工作,在上班,inwork有职业,有工作

Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenota

thome.

163.increaseto,increaseby

increaseto增长到....,increaseby增长

了...Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.

164.atease,withease

atease舒适地,安逸地;withease简单地,无困难

地doitwithease

165.dayafterday,daybyday

dayafterday日复一日(无改变);daybyday一每天

地(有改变)Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.

166.like,as

like相像关系,但并不等同,as同一关系,两者实为一体

Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'ma

child.)

167.after,in(表时间)

after接时间点,in接时间

段after7:00,infiveminutes

168.between,among

between两者之间,三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三

者以上之间

SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,Australia

andItaly.

169.after,behind(表位置)

after强调次序的先后,behind强调物体静态位置的前

后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.

170.since,for(完成时间状语)

since接点时间或一句话,for接一段时

间forthreeyears,since3:00

171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorner

onthecorner物体表面的角上,inthecorner物体内

部的角落里,

atthecorner物体外部的角落上(拐角处)

onthecornerofthetable

172.warnsb.of,warnsb.against

warnsb.of提示某人留意某事,warnsb.against提示

某人不要做某事

warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartofthe

river

173.atpeace,inpeace

atpeace安静地,inpeace和平

地liveinpeacewithone,sneighbors

174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearth

onearth在世上,在人间,究竟,原委,一点也不,

ontheearth在地上,在地球上,

intheearth在地下,在泥土里nouseonearth

175.insurprise,toon。'ssurprise,bysurprise

insurprise惊异地,toone'ssurprise使某人惊讶的是,

bysurprise使...惊惶

Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.

176.intheair,ontheair,inthesky

intheair正在酝酿中,ontheair播送,广播,

inthesky在天空中

Hisshowisontheairat6:00tonight.

177.inthefield,onthefield

inthefield在野外,onthefield在战场

上Helosthislifeonthefield.

178.inthemarket,onthemarket

inthemarket表示场所或地点,在市场上,

onthemarket出售

Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetables

areonthemarketnow.

179.inthesun,underthesun

inthesun在阳光下,underthesun地球上,全世

界peopleunderthesun

180.inavoice,withonevoice

inavoice出声土也,withonevoice异口同声

上也Theyrefusedwithonevoice.

181.through,across

through穿越空间,across在...上穿

过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert

182.ontheway,intheway,

ontheway在前往....的路上,intheway挡

路Thechairisintheway.

183.above,on,over

above在上面,不接触,on在上面,接触,over在正上

方flyoverthehill

184.until,notunti1

until到...为止,not…until直到....才(常跟点动

词连用

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