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初中英语词汇辨析
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词恒久是复数,cloth指布,为不行数名
词clothing服装的总称,
指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.incident,accident
incident指小事务,accident指不幸的事
故Hewaskilledintheaccident.
3.amount,number
amount后接不行数名词,number后接可数名
词anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员。
Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪
音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,
drawing画的画
Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word详细的单
词Hehasalargevocabulary.
8.population,people
population人口,人数,people详细的
人Chinahasalargepopulation.
9.weather,climate
weather一天内详细的天气状况,climate长期的气候
况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road详细的马路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道
路,途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewa
ytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(详细的学科)
asummercourse
12.custom,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生
活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.
rvegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的干脆缘由,后
接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来说明某种现象或
结果的理由,后
接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,熬炼(不行数),exercises练习(可数),practice
(反复做的)练习。
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生
用class.Lesson6;Class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活
中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture
学术性的演讲,讲课aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
officer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer
18.work,job
二者均指工作uwork不行数,job可数agoodjob。
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东
西apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧
重指政府,政体,land国土,
国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
damage不行数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿
金$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个详细的警
察Thepolicearequestioning
everyoneinthehouse.
24.problem,question
problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常
为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,
多和ask,answer连用。
25.man,aman
man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡
肉Thechickenisdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指详细的,telegraph指抽象
的atelegram,bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,
voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的嬉戏或消遣活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;
game指确定输赢的嬉戏,通常有一套
规则llisfavoritesportisswimming.
30.price,prize
price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖
金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof很多,谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。Thenumberof
studentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的
前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday短暂的,
不许久的afamousscientistoftheday
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,
thethreeofUS我们三个(就三个人)Thethreeofus
--Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,onthebus表范
围Theywenttherebybus.
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片亥一会儿,forthemoment短暂,一
时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear明年,将来时间状语,thenextyear其次年,过去
将来时间状语
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超过
一年(两年或三年等)
39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice
takeadvice征求看法,taketheadvice接受忠
告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,漫
步Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords
inaword总之,一句话,inwords口头
,hInaword,youareright.
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地
方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldo
ne.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret隐私地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;
inthesecret知道内情,知道隐私,
一般用作表
语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指全部女孩,onegirl一个女
孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,
takethechair起先开会
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理,负责照
料,inthechargeof由...照
料Heisinchargeofthematter.
Thematterisinthechargeofher.
51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上,intheclass在班级
里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火
上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不
行能的
54.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一,再一,
thesecond第....Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天,bytheclay按天计
算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
56.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指人,apeople指民
族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.
57.it,one
it同一物体,one同类不同
_Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
58.that,this
that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说
的Iwasill.That'swhy….
59.none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指
物,noone指人
Howmany•••/Howmuch•,•?--None.
60.anyone,anyone
anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可
接c-fanyoneofyou
61.who,what
who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地
位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的,which在确定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数,another后接名词单
数etherstudents,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle特别,notabit一点也
不rmnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,much和不行数名词连用,alotof可
数,不行数均可,但不用于否定句
Ihaven'tmanybooks.
66.muchmorethan,manymorethan
muchmore…than后接形容词或不行数名词,
manymorethan后接可数名词manymore
people,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendn
owater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至
多,不超过
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不行数均
可themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,
tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,
自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本,全然,afterall究竟,终
归Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物,high常指物体Heistall.
73.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事
完成或发生的快
runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high详细的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康
的healthfulexercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困
的,有睡意的
asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
77.gold,golden
gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼
用goldfish,agoldring
78.most,mostly
most用于表感受的确定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是
形容词或名词,
mostly大部分,是副
词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…
79.just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定
语theveryman,justtheman
80.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广
broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,tree真的,真
正的,指的是事实和实际状况相符合
realgold,atruestory
82.respectful,respectable
respectful敬重,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得敬重
的berespectfultotheaged
83.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容
词anoutwardvoyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,
pleased主语常为人,
pleasing主语常为
物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable可理解的,
能够懂的
anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake
86.close,closely
close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密
地closelyconnected,standclose
87.ill,sick
ill做表语,sick定,表均可asickboy
88.good,well
good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容
词Heiswellagain.
89.quiet,silent,still
quiet宁静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,
still完全不动,完全无声响
Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,纹丝不动,也不说话。
90.hard,hardly
hard努力,hardly几乎
不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.
91.able,capable
able及不定式todo连用,capable及of连
用Heiscapableofdoing…
92.almost,nearly
二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用
用almostalmostnobody
93.late,lately
late迟,晚,lately最近,近
来Ihaven,tseenhimlately.
94.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的Jiving定表均可,alive定
表均可,定语后置,live只能做
定语,lively意为活波
的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
95.excited,exciting
excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋
的rmexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
96.deep,deeply
deep详细的深,deeply抽象的深,深深
地deeplymoved,digdeep
97.aloud,loud
aloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)
98.worth,worthy
二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone
126.careabout,carefor
careabout关切,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;
carefor关切,照料,喜爱,情愿
Hedoesn,tcareabouthisclothes.Idon,tcar
eformovies.
127.catchacold,haveacold
catchacold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用,
而haveacold可以
Shehashadacoldforaweek.
128.changefor,changeinto
changefor调换成,changeinto变成
Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchan
gesintoice.
129.continue,last
二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动
Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestory
istobecontinued.
130.feed,raise
feed喂养,养活,饲养(togivefoodto),raise饲
养,哺育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)
raisethefamily
131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor
goforadoctor去请医生,gotoadoctor去看
病
132.notice,observe,catchsightof
notice留意到,observe视察,细致地看,
catchsightof突然看到observethestars
133.insiston,stickto
insiston坚持要求,后常接doing,stickto坚
持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan
134.look,seem,appear
look指从外表上看,seem指内心的推断,appear指给人以表
面的印象appearwise,
looklikehisfather
135.gather,collect
gather把分散的东西集中到一起,collect指细心地、有选择地进
行收集collectstamps
136.meantodo,meandoing
meantodo准备,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味
着
BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepracti
ce.
137.diefrom,dieof
diefrom表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,
dieof表示死于疾病,饥饿,
寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因
素dieofhungerandcold
138.payfor,payback,payoff
payfor为…付钱,payback还钱,但不确定还清,
payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt
139.divide,separate
divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开
dividetheapple,separatethehouses
140.arrive,get,reach
arrive不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点),get不
及物动词后接to,reach及物动词
arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijin
g
141.grow,plant
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽
已经长成秧苗的植物
plantthetrees,treesaregrowing
142.manage,try
managetodo设法做成了某事,trytodo尽力去做某事
但不确定胜利
Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.
143.choose,select
choose凭个人的推断力进行选择,select有目的地细致细致地选
择choosethebestanswer
144.build,putup,setup,found
build一般用语,建成,putup临时搭建,setup建成(内
部的设施基本齐全),
found国家或组织的建
成putupatent,setupaschool
145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith
befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟识的,
befamiliarwith某人熟识某物
Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwith
thebook.
146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon
agreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,
agreeon在...上达成一样看法,主语是复数
agreewithyou,agreetotheplan
147.throwto,throwat
throwto扔到....,throwat朝...
扔Hethrowastoneatme.
148.receive,accept
receive收到某一东西,但不确定接受,accept接
受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.
149.wear,puton,dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,
dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作
It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.
150.listen,hear
listen强调动作,hear强调结
果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.
151.look,see,watch
look看的动作,see看的结果,watch强调所看物体的改变、移
动和发展watchTV
152.lie,lay
lie躺,位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied),lay平放
(laid,laid)laythebook
153.workas,actas
workas工作是...,actas充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某
种角色Heworksasateacher.
Heactsasaninterpreter.
154.move,remove
move动一动,但不确定移走,remove从一处移到另一
处removethetabletothekitchen
155.hurt,injure,wound
hurt感情上受伤,injure事故中受伤,wound斗争中受
伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.
156.turn,get,grow
turn表突变,后常接表颜色的词,get强调变的结果,grow强
调过程,渐渐的改变
turnyellow,gettired,growbig
157.close,shut,turnoff
close和shut当关解时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,
turnoff用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.
158.setout,setabout,setoff
指动身,着手解时,setout后接todo,setabout后
接doing,setoff后接forsp.
159.begin,start
begin侧重时间的起先,反义词为end,start侧重由静到动的
转折,反义词为stop
Classbeginsat7:30a.m.
160.happen,takeplace
happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生,takeplace必定性
的发生
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.
161.at,in(表地点)
at小地点,in大地
点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai
162.atwork,inwork
atwork在工作,在上班,inwork有职业,有工作
Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenota
thome.
163.increaseto,increaseby
increaseto增长到....,increaseby增长
了...Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.
164.atease,withease
atease舒适地,安逸地;withease简单地,无困难
地doitwithease
165.dayafterday,daybyday
dayafterday日复一日(无改变);daybyday一每天
地(有改变)Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.
166.like,as
like相像关系,但并不等同,as同一关系,两者实为一体
Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'ma
child.)
167.after,in(表时间)
after接时间点,in接时间
段after7:00,infiveminutes
168.between,among
between两者之间,三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三
者以上之间
SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,Australia
andItaly.
169.after,behind(表位置)
after强调次序的先后,behind强调物体静态位置的前
后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.
170.since,for(完成时间状语)
since接点时间或一句话,for接一段时
间forthreeyears,since3:00
171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorner
onthecorner物体表面的角上,inthecorner物体内
部的角落里,
atthecorner物体外部的角落上(拐角处)
onthecornerofthetable
172.warnsb.of,warnsb.against
warnsb.of提示某人留意某事,warnsb.against提示
某人不要做某事
warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartofthe
river
173.atpeace,inpeace
atpeace安静地,inpeace和平
地liveinpeacewithone,sneighbors
174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearth
onearth在世上,在人间,究竟,原委,一点也不,
ontheearth在地上,在地球上,
intheearth在地下,在泥土里nouseonearth
175.insurprise,toon。'ssurprise,bysurprise
insurprise惊异地,toone'ssurprise使某人惊讶的是,
bysurprise使...惊惶
Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.
176.intheair,ontheair,inthesky
intheair正在酝酿中,ontheair播送,广播,
inthesky在天空中
Hisshowisontheairat6:00tonight.
177.inthefield,onthefield
inthefield在野外,onthefield在战场
上Helosthislifeonthefield.
178.inthemarket,onthemarket
inthemarket表示场所或地点,在市场上,
onthemarket出售
Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetables
areonthemarketnow.
179.inthesun,underthesun
inthesun在阳光下,underthesun地球上,全世
界peopleunderthesun
180.inavoice,withonevoice
inavoice出声土也,withonevoice异口同声
上也Theyrefusedwithonevoice.
181.through,across
through穿越空间,across在...上穿
过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert
182.ontheway,intheway,
ontheway在前往....的路上,intheway挡
路Thechairisintheway.
183.above,on,over
above在上面,不接触,on在上面,接触,over在正上
方flyoverthehill
184.until,notunti1
until到...为止,not…until直到....才(常跟点动
词连用
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