湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题

衡阳县2025年下学期高二创新实验班期末质量检测试题英语考生注意：1.本试卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，满分150分，考试时量120分钟。2.试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两个部分，答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、学校填在答题卡上。3.选择题部分用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，回答非选择题部分时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试题卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读二遍。1.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeintheafternoon?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Cloudy.B.Windy.C.Cloudy.2.WhatdidTomthinkoftheItalianrestaurant?A.Disappointing.B.JustsoSo.C.Satisfactory.3.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Attendameeting.B.Shareawebsitelink.C.Helpherbuyaticket.4.Whomightthewomanbe?A.Anathlete.B.Acoach.C.Areporter.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtogetintothehabitofreading.B.Howtosticktoregularexercise.C.Howtofallasleepeasily.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whattimeisitnow?A.6:20p.m.B.6:00p.m.C.5:40p.m.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Makesomecoffee.B.Buysomegifts.C.Havearest.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhydidEdwardschooseskijumping?A.Itisarelativelyeasywintersport.B.Itofferedhimabetterchancetoqualify.C.Heshowedanaturaltalentforit.9.WhatchallengedidEdwardsfacewhilepreparingfortheOlympics?A.Hehadsevereshortsightedness.B.Hewasunderweight.C.Helackedfunds.10.WhatmadeEdwardsbeefamousatthe1988WinterOlympics?A.Thegoldmedalhewon.B.Theworldrecordheset.C.Thespirithedemonstrated.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Havingajobinterview.C.Askingaboutmailservices.12.WhatinspiredMr.Thompsontostart“FutureMail”?A.Anunsentletter.B.Ascifimovie.C.Hisinterestinstamps.13.Howdoes“FutureMail”ensuredelivery?A.Usingthefastestshipping.B.Trackingthemailthroughout.CUpdatingusers’addressesregularly.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhyisQiemoknownasthehometownofthekonghou?A.Itisthebirthplaceofkonghou.B.Ithasmanykonghoutrainingschools.C.It’swhereChina’soldestkonghouwasfound.15.WhendidAydinastartlearningtoplaythekonghou?A.Whenshewas8.B.Whenshewas10.C.Whenshewas12.16.WhateventtookplaceinQiemoin2016accordingtoAydina?A.Akonghoutrainingbasewasestablished.B.Everyschoolsetupakonghouclub.C.Abigkonghouconcertwasheld.17.WhatdoesAydinahopetodointhefuture?A.Formakonghouband.B.Studykonghouatcollege.C.Spreadknowledgeaboutkonghou.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatdoesthespeakerwanttostressbymentioningThomasEdison?A.Thevalueoflearningfrommistakes.B.Thecrucialroleofhardwork.C.Theimportanceofsettinggoals.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoinhissecondyearofhighschool?A.Heinventedaminilightbulb.B.Heenteredaspeechcontest.C.Hejoinedadebateteam.20.Whatdoesthespeakerstressintheend?A.Beingcareful.B.Keepingtrying.C.Gettingprepared.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearesomeofyourbestchoicesworldwideifyouonlyhavelimitedtimefortravel.Santorini,GreeceWithitsuniqueblueroofedchurcheswhitewashedbuildingsandcolorfulbeaches,theislandisadreamplaceforphotographers.Also,somearchaeologically(考古地)significantsitesareworthavisit.Localsliketosaythere’smorewinethanwaterontheislandwhereitdoesn’toftenrain.MachuPicchu,PeruAsoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld,MachuPicchuisoneofthemostvisitedattractionsinPeru.VisitorsareparticularlyattractedbyTempleoftheCondor,arocktemplecarvedtolookliketheimpressivebirdinitsname.Bookticketsinadvance,asonly2,500peoplecanvisitMachuPicchueachday.Dubai,UnitedArabEmiratesEverythingisbiggerandbetterinDubai,whichhasvariousenjoyablesites,includingwaterparks,shoppingmallsandevenanindoorskispot.Thoughyou’relikelytopayaprettypennyforatriptoDubai,youcansavealittlecashbyvisitingduringsummermonths.Maui,HawaiiMauiishometosomeoftheisland’sbestknownattractionsandbeaches.Besides,youcanexploretheworld’slargestvolcanothat’sresting,Haleakala.ThisisHawaii,soyourtripwillbeonthehighpricedside.Mauihasmostbeaches,withred,whiteandblacksand.1.WhatisSantorinilike?A.Alandofgreatdrought. B.Anidealsiteforphotographers.C.Aplacewithwinehistory. D.Aplacefullofarchaeologicalsites.2.What’sspecialaboutMachuPicchu?A.Ithasatemplenamedafterakindofbird. B.It’sthemostattractivespotinPeru.C.Ithasalimitlessnumberofvisitorseachday. D.It’samongSevenWondersofPeru.3.WhatdoDubaiandMauihaveinmon?A.Theyofferindoorskiingactivities. B.Theycostlargeamountsofmoney.C.Theyhavebeacheswithcoloredsand. D.Theyhavetheworld’slargestvolcano.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了全球四个最佳旅行目的地的介绍和特色。1题详解】细节理解题。由文章Santorini,Greece部分中“Withitsuniqueblueroofedchurches,whitewashedbuildingsandcolorfulbeaches,theislandisadreamplaceforphotographers.(这个岛屿以其独特的蓝色屋顶的教堂、粉刷成白色的建筑和色彩斑斓的海滩，是摄影师们的梦想之地。)”可知，Santorini是一个理想的摄影场所。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章MachuPicchu,Peru部分中“VisitorsareparticularlyattractedbyTempleoftheCondor,arocktemplecarvedtolookliketheimpressivebirdinitsname.(游客们尤其被秃鹰庙所吸引，这是一座岩石寺庙，以它的名字命名，看起来像令人印象深刻的秃鹰。)”可知，所以，MachuPicchu的特别之处在于它有一座以鸟类命名的寺庙。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。由文章Dubai,UnitedArab部分中“Thoughyou’relikelytopayaprettypennyforatriptoDubai,youcansavealittlecashbyvisitingduringsummermonths.(虽然你可能会花一大笔钱去迪拜旅行，但在夏季参观可以节省一点钱。)”和最后一段“ThisisHawaii,soyourtripwillbeonthehighpricedside.(这是夏威夷，所以你的旅行价格会偏高。)”可知，Dubai和Maui的共同点是它们的旅行费用都很高。故选B。BInatownnearthePotomacRiver,GeorgeandAnneAllen,both82,struggletoremainintheirbelovedthreestoryhouseandneighborhood.Mr.Allenhashadtroublewalkingsincehebrokehisbackboneinafalldownthestairs,andheexpectstolosehisdriver’slicensewhenitesupforrenewalgivenhisphysicalstate.Mrs.Allenrecentlygotherfoothurtgettingoutofbed.Neithercanclimbuptochangethelightorbendunderthesinktofixaleak.Withoutoutsidehelp,storesandpubliclocationsmeanunimaginablehikestothem.SotheAllenshavebandedtogetherwiththeirneighbors,whoareequallydeterminedtoavoidbeingforcedfromtheirhomesbydependence.Alongwithmorethan100munitiesnationwide,theirgroupispartofamovementtomakeneighborhoodsfortableplacestogrowoldin.“Wearetotallydependentonourselves,”Mr.Allensaid.“ButIwanttoliveinamixedmunity,notjustwiththeelderly.Andaslongaswecandoithere,that’swhatwewant.”Theirgrouphasbeenregisteredasanonprofitcorporation,issettingmembershipdues,andisliningupprovidersoftransportation,homerepair,panionship,securityandotherservicestomeettheirneedsathomeforaslongaspossible.Urbanplannerssaythismovement,organizedbyresidentsinsteadofgovernmentagencies,couldmake“aginginplace”safeandaffordableforamajorityofelderlypeople.Althoughnotthecureallforthosewithplicatedmedicalneeds,theapproachaddresseswhassaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesinresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesacpaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.“Ifpeopledon’tfeelsooverpowered,theydon’thavetojumpatprecipitousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,”saidanexpert.Forinspiration,“aginginplace”groupsnowpayyearlydues—$580foranindividualinexchangeforthesecurityofknowingthatcarpenters,chefs,pusorhomehealthhelpersareonephonecallaway.4.WhatisNOTmentionedasaproblemtheAllensmeetwith?A.Physicalweaknessduetothebrokenbone.B.Possiblelossofdriver’slicenseduetobreakingtrafficrules.C.Failuretohandlecertainfixingtasksduetolimitedmobility.D.Difficultyintravelingtopublicplacesaloneduetophysicalcondition.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.PeoplelikeAllensgathertoliveinaspecialplaceforsharedelderlycaring.B.ThegovernmentarrangesnecessaryservicesforpeoplelikeAllens.C.Seniorpeoplegiveup“aginginplace”lifemainlyoutofpressurefromchildren.D.“Aginginplace”peoplepaytohavenecessaryservicestaffoncall.6.Theunderlinedwordprecipitousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.A.alternative B.fake C.rushed D.joint7.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythetitleofthepassage?A.USgreybandfightstostayathomeB.Attention,USseniorsaresufferingC.AthomevsNursinghomeahardchoiceforUSseniorsD.USadultchildren,it’stimetocareforyourparents【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活，以及一个由居民自发组织的运动，旨在使社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的现象。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InatownnearthePotomacRiver,GeorgeandAnneAllen,both82,struggletoremainintheirbelovedthreestoryhouseandneighborhood.Mr.Allenhashadtroublewalkingsincehebrokehisbackboneinafalldownthestairs,andheexpectstolosehisdriver’slicensewhenitesupforrenewalgivenhisphysicalstate.Mrs.Allenrecentlygotherfoothurtgettingoutofbed.Neithercanclimbuptochangethelightorbendunderthesinktofixaleak.Withoutoutsidehelp,storesandpubliclocationsmeanunimaginablehikestothem.(在波托马克河附近的一个小镇上，82岁的George和AnneAllen夫妇正努力留在他们心爱的三层楼房和社区里。Allen先生自从在楼梯上摔倒摔断了脊椎后，走路就一直很困难，而且考虑到他的身体状况，他在驾照到期续签时可能会失去驾驶资格。Allen太太最近下床时不小心弄伤了脚。他们俩都无法爬上梯子去换灯泡，也无法在洗碗池下弯腰修理漏水。如果没有外界的帮助，对他们来说，去商店和公共场所将意味着难以想象的艰难跋涉)”可知，选项A、C和D都是Allen夫妇所遇到的问题。选项B“Possiblelossofdriver’slicenseduetobreakingtrafficrules.(因违反交通规则而可能失去驾照)”并未提及。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Forinspiration,“aginginplace”groupsnowpayyearlydues—$580foranindividualinexchangeforthesecurityofknowingthatcarpenters,chefs,pusorhomehealthhelpersareonephonecallaway.(为了获得启发，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费——个人580美元，以此换取安全保障，知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到)”可知，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费，以确保知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Althoughnotthecure—allforthosewithplicatedmedicalneeds,theapproachaddresseswhassaycanbeaprematuredecisionbyolderpeopletogiveuptheirhomesinresponsetorelativelysmallproblems.Asthesesmallproblemsmount,sometimesacpaniedbypressurefromadultchildren,theelderlyhomeowneriscaughtoffguard.Remainingathomewithoutsufficienthelpisfrightening.(虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““Ifpeopledon’tfeelsooverpowered,theydon’thavetojumpatprecipitousdecisions.Actuallypracticeslikemovingintonursinghomesarehardtobereversed,”saidanexpert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“SotheAllenshavebandedtogetherwiththeirneighbors,whoareequallydeterminedtoavoidbeingforcedfromtheirhomesbydependence.Alongwithmorethan100munitiesnationwide,theirgroupispartofamovementtomakeneighborhoodsfortableplacestogrowoldin.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Theirgrouphasbeenregisteredasanonprofitcorporation,issettingmembershipdues,andisliningupprovidersoftransportation,homerepair,panionship,securityandotherservicestomeettheirneedsathomeforaslongaspossible.(他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“就地养老”（aginginplace），所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“USgreybandfightstostayathome”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“greyband”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fightstostayathome”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。CIn1879,an8yearoldgirlmadeadiscoverythatwouldrockourunderstandingofhumanhistory.OnthewallsofAltamiracaveinnorthernSpain,shespottedamazingdrawingsofwildcows,paintedinvividredandblack.Morestrikingeventhantheimageswastheirage:theyweremadethousandsofyearsagobymodernhumans’supposedlyprimitiveancestors.Today,nearly400cavesacrossEuropehavebeenfounddecoratedwithhandstencils(模板),strangesymbolsandbeautifulimagesofanimalscreatedbytheseskillfulartists.Thediscoveriesledtotheviewthatartistictalentaroseaftermodernhumansarrivedintheregionsome40,000yearsago,aspartofa“culturalexplosion”reflectingafloweringofthehumanmind.Butmorerecentevidencehasblownthisideaoutofthewater.Forastart,modernhumansmightnothavebeenthefirstartistsinEurope.What’smore,acollectionofcavepaintingsemerginginIndonesiahasdismissedtheideathatEuropewasthecentreofcreativity.LocalpeoplehavelongknownthatthecavesoftheislandofSulawesi,Indonesia,containmanypaintedimages.Modernhumansarethoughttohavereachedtheregionsome65,000yearsago,butnobodyimaginedtheartcouldbeveryoldbecauseancientpaintingsseemunlikelytosurviveintheenvironmentofhightemperatures.AteamofresearchersledbyMaximeAubert,nowatGriffithUniversityinAustralia,upendedthisideausingatechniquethatisshiftingourunderstandingofcaveart.Usingthistechniqueinsevencaves,theyfoundahandstencilwasatleast39,900yearsold,makingittheoldestknownhandstencilatthattime.ThisopenedafloodgatetonewdiscoveriesinIndonesia.Theseincludedahuntingscenecreatedatleast43,900yearsago,andbyfartheoldestdescriptiveartwork.“Whenwefoundthatimage,wewereabsolutelydelighted,butwhenitturnedouttobethatold,wewerealmostjumpingwithjoy,”saysAdamBrumm,alsoatGriffithUniversity.8.Whatdidthegirlfindinthecave?A.Wildanimals. B.Ancientimages.C.Paintingtechniques. D.Recordingartists.9.Whatwasamisunderstandingremovedbyrecentevidenceaboutthecaveart?A.ItcanbetracedbacktoEurope.B.Itreflectedthefloweringofhumanminds.C.ModernhumansledtoitsriseinIndonesia.D.Modernhumansmightnothavebeenrealartists.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upended”meaninparagraph3?A.Proved. B.Strengthened. C.Overturned. D.Overemphasized.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theamazingdiscoveries. B.Theresearchers’expectations.C.Thebenefitsofthetechnique. D.Thedescriptionofthecaveart.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要是通过人们的发现和专家们的研究，探索古老的洞穴壁画艺术的悠久的历史。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“OnthewallsofAltamiracaveinnorthernSpain,shespottedamazingdrawingsofwildcows,paintedinvividredandblack.Morestrikingeventhantheimageswastheirage:theyweremadethousandsofyearsagobymodernhumans’supposedlyprimitiveancestors.”（在西班牙北部Altamira洞穴的墙壁上，她发现了用鲜艳的红色和黑色绘制的野生奶牛的惊人画作，比这些图像更引人注目的是它们的年代：它们是由现代人的原始祖先在几千年前制作的。）可知，这个女孩在洞穴发现了古老的图像。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Forastart,modernhumansmightnothavebeenthefirstartistsinEurope.What’smore,acollectionofcavepaintingsemerginginIndonesiahasdismissedtheideathatEuropewasthecentreofcreativity.”（首先，现代人可能不是欧洲最早的艺术家，更重要的是，在印度尼西亚发现的一组洞穴壁画驳斥了欧洲是创造力中心的观点。）可知，欧洲不是洞穴艺术的发源地，“洞穴艺术可以追溯到欧洲”这一想法是一种误解。故选A。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“Modernhumansarethoughttohavereachedtheregionsome65,000yearsago,butnobodyimaginedtheartcouldbeveryoldbecauseancientpaintingsseemunlikelytosurviveintheenvironmentofhightemperatures.”（现代人被认为在大约6.5万年前到达了这个地区，但没有人想到这些艺术品可能非常古老，因为古代绘画似乎不太可能在高温环境中存活下来。）和“Usingthistechniqueinsevencaves,theyfoundahandstencilwasatleast39,900yearsold,makingittheoldestknownhandstencilatthattime.”（在七个洞穴中使用这种技术，他们发现了一个至少有39900年历史的手模板，使其成为当时已知最古老的手模板。）可知，通过使用这种技术，人们发现了存活下来的古老的艺术平，改变了最初的想法；结合划线词所在句“AteamofresearchersledbyMaximeAubert,nowatGriffithUniversityinAustralia,upendedthisideausingatechniquethatisshiftingourunderstandingofcaveart.”中的“usingatechniquethatisshiftingourunderstandingofcaveart”（使用这种正在改变我们对洞穴艺术的理解的技术）可知，使用这项技术改变、颠覆了之前的想法，故“upended”意为“颠覆”。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ThisopenedafloodgatetonewdiscoveriesinIndonesia.”（这为印尼的新发现打开了闸门。）及“Theseincludedahuntingscenecreatedatleast43,900yearsago,andbyfartheoldestdescriptiveartwork.”（其中包括至少43,900年前创作的狩猎场景，这是迄今为止最古老的描述性艺术品。）可知，最后一段主要在谈论在印尼发现的这些令人惊叹的艺术品。故选A。DUntilrecently,gravitationalwavescouldhavebeenthestuffofEinstein’simagination.Beforetheyweredetected,thesewavesinspaceedonlyinthephysicist’sgeneraltheoryofrelativity,asfarasscientistsknew.Now,researchersareonthehuntformorewaystodetectthewaves.“Thestudyofgravitationalwavesisbooming,”saysastrophysicistKaranJaniofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville.“Thisisjustremarkable.NofieldIcanthinkofinfundamentalphysicshasseenprogressthisfast.”Justaslightesinavarietyofwavelengths,sodogravitationalwaves.Differentwavelengthspointtodifferenttypesoforiginsoftheuniverseandrequiredifferentkindsofdetectors.Gravitationalwaveswithwavelengthsofafewthousandkilometers—likethosedetectedbytheUnitedStates,ItalyandJapan—emostlyfrompairsofblackholes10orsotimesthemassofthesun,orfromcollisionsofdensecosmicblockscalledneutronstars(中子星).Thesedetectorscouldalsospotwavesfromcertaintypesofexplodingstarsandrapidlymovingneutronstars.Incontrast,hugewavesthatspanlightyearsarethoughttobecreatedbyorbitingpairsofbiggerblackholeswithmassesbillionsoftimesthatofthesun.InJune,scientistsreportedthefirststrongevidenceofthesetypesofwavesbyturningtheentiregalaxy(星系)intoadetector,watchinghowthewavesmakeslightchangestothetimingofregularblinksfromneutronstarsthroughouttheMilkyWay.Physicistsnowhopetodiveintoavast,cosmicoceanofgravitationalwavesofallsortsofsizes.Thesewavescouldrevealnewdetailsaboutthesecretlivesofexoticobjectssuchasblackholesandunknownpartsoftheuniverse.PhysicistJasonHoganofStanfordUniversitythinkstherearestillalotofgapsinthecoverageofwavelengths.“Butitmakessensetocoverallthebases.Whoknowswhatelsewemayfind?”hesays.Thesearchforcapturingthefullplementoftheuniverse’sgravitationalwavesexactlycouldtakeobservatoriesoutintothemoon,totheatomicareaandelsewhere.12.WhatdoesKaranJanithinkofthecurrentstudyongravitationalwaves?A.Itisrapidandpioneering.B.Itisslowbutsteadilyincreasing.C.Itisinterruptedduetolimiteddetectors.D.Itisprogressingasfastasanyotherfield.13.Whatdothedetectedgravitationalwavesmostlyindicate?A.Thecreationofdifferentkindsofdetectors.B.Collisionsofplanetsoutsidethesolarsystem.C.Thepresenceoflightindifferentwavelengths.D.Activitiesinvolvingblackholesandneutronstars.14.Howdidscientistsmanagetofindhugewaves’evidence?A.Byanalyzingsunlight.B.Bylocatingthenewgalaxy.C.Byusingthewholegalaxyasatool.D.Byobservingthesun’sregularmovement.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefuturestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.It’llexcludetheatomicfield.B.It’llfocusexactlyonthemappingofthegalaxy.C.It’llrequireprioritizingcertainwavelengthsonthemoon.D.It’llexplorepotentialplacestodetectgravitationalwaves.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对引力波相关研究的快速发展，以及对引力波研究时的发现，和该研究的重要意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中““Thestudyofgravitationalwavesisbooming,”saysastrophysicistKaranJaniofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville.“Thisisjustremarkable.NofieldIcanthinkofinfundamentalphysicshasseenprogressthisfast.”(“对引力波的研究正在蓬勃发展，”纳什维尔范德比尔特大学的天体物理学家KaranJani说。“这太了不起了。在基础物理学中，我想不出有哪个领域的进步如此之快。”)”可知，KaranJani认为最近的引力波的研究是快速且具有开拓性的。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Gravitationalwaveswithwavelengthsofafewthousandkilometers—likethosedetectedbytheUnitedStates,ItalyandJapan—emostlyfrompairsofblackholes10orsotimesthemassofthesun,orfromcollisionsofdensecosmicblockscalledneutronstars(中子星).(波长为几千公里的引力波——就像美国、意大利和日本探测到的那样——主要来自一对质量为太阳10倍左右的黑洞，或者来自被称为中子星的致密宇宙块的碰撞)”可知，探测到的引力波主要表明黑洞和中子星的相关活动。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“InJune,scientistsreportedthefirststrongevidenceofthesetypesofwavesbyturningtheentiregalaxy(星系)intoadetector,watchinghowthewavesmakeslightchangestothetimingofregularblinksfromneutronstarsthroughouttheMilkyWay.(今年6月，科学家们通过将整个星系变成一个探测器，观察这些波如何对整个银河系中子星定期眨眼的时间产生细微变化，报告了这些波的第一个有力证据)”可知，科学家通过将整个星系变为探测器来寻找巨大波存在的证据。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“PhysicistJasonHoganofStanfordUniversitythinkstherearestillalotofgapsinthecoverageofwavelengths.“Butitmakessensetocoverallthebases.Whoknowswhatelsewemayfind?”hesays.Thesearchforcapturingthefullplementoftheuniverse’sgravitationalwavesexactlycouldtakeobservatoriesoutintothemoon,totheatomicareaandelsewhere.(斯坦福大学的物理学家杰森·霍根认为，在波长的覆盖范围上还有很多空白。“但覆盖所有基础是有意义的。谁知道我们还会发现什么?”他说。为了准确捕捉到宇宙引力波的全部内容，天文台可以进入月球、原子区域和其他地方)”可知，在波长覆盖的范围上还有很多空白，且覆盖所有基础是有意义的。由此推知，未来的研究将探索可能探测到引力波的地方。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____16____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____17____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____18____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____19____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____20____Thinkinginapositive,selfencouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldisfort,either.B.Negativeselftalkdamagesselfconfidenceanddecreasesselfrespect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclearheadedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.FTheyoftenofferarealalternativetothemonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.G20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。【16题详解】根据上文“Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negativeselftalks可对应到B选项中Negativeselftalk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可对应到D选项中Positivethinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DevinLeeisahighschoolchemistryteacherinWashingtonD.C.Hewas“cookingup”____21____treatsforhisstudentseveryweekconductinglivechemistrylessonsfromhishomekitchen,whichhetransformedintoa____22____atatime.He____23____themoversocialmediaforhisstudents.“My____24____formystudentsaccountsfortheactthatIconductedscienceexperimentsathome,”saidLee.Whenaserioushurricanehit,forcingschoolstoclose,theteachers____25____,Leea