上海市松江区上海外国语大学附属外国语学校松江云间中学2025~2026学年第二册第二次学情调研高二英语试卷【附解析】

/2025学年第二学期第二次学情调研高二英语(本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟)第一卷I.ListeningComprehension(共25分)SectionA(每题1分，共10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Gotocatchthenexttrain.B.Listentothetrafficreport.C.Gotothecitybyothertransportation.D.Checktheweekendschedule.2.A.Itdoesn’ttakealongtimetogetthere.B.Thelectureshavebeenputoff.C.Thereisnoneedtohurry.D.Thelectureshavealreadystarted.3.A.ThewomanshouldhavegonetoParisearlier.B.HestudiedFrenchinadifferentwayinhighschool.C.LifeinParishelpedimprovethewoman’slanguageskills.D.ThewomanmusthavehadagoodteacherinParis.4.A.Shethinksthepostofficeisnearby.B.Sheisalsolookingforthepostoffice.C.Shethinkstheman’sguessisright.D.Shedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.5.A.Hercoatissimilartotheman’s.B.Themanneedn’thavebroughtthecoat.C.Hersweaterisnotwarmenough.D.Themanshouldn’thavewornasweater.6.A.Makesuretheregistrationofficedidn’tmakeamistake.B.Decidewhethertodropthecourseinthefirstweek.C.Findoutifaplaceopensupinthecourselater.D.Takethecourseofthecreativewritingnextyear.7.A.HerecentlyspentamonthinNewYork.B.Hecanrecommendmanythingstodo.C.Hesuggeststhewomanextendhertrip.D.Hebetsthewomanwillhavefunthere.8.A.Disappointed.B.Excited.C.Proud.D.Embarrassed.9.A.Hetalkslessthanheusedto.B.Hehasn’thadtimetoplaytennisrecently.C.Heshouldn’thavebehavedsoproudly.D.Hehasnevertalkedtoherafterthegame.10.A.Themanshouldhavehadhiscarinspectedearlier.B.Therearealwaysalotofpeopleattheautoinspectioncenter.C.Shewaitedlongerthanthemandidtohavehercarinspected.D.Theautoinspectioncenterwillcloseattheendofthemonth.SectionB(每题1.5分，共15分)Directions:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Thetruck’soverspeeding.B.Thetruck’sheavyload.C.Theterribleweather.D.Thepedestrians’carelessness.12.A.Therelocationofseveralfactories.B.Thecompany’spayoffer.C.Thehighrateofunemployment.D.Theunion’sdemand.13.A.Theywillincreasebyathirdthisyear.B.Theyhavebeenrisinginthelastfiveyears.C.TheaveragepriceofahouseintheUKis£255,900.D.Theymakeitextremelydifficultforthoseonthepropertyladdertobuyahouse.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Whatcausesfearfulnessexternally.B.Whymiceareparticularlyfearfulanimals.C.Whetherfearfulnessisinheritedornot.D.Howanimalsreacttofrighteningsituations.15.A.Theywanderedaroundthebox.B.Theybredagainandagain.C.Theycouldn’tfindahidingplace.D.Theyremainedclosetoonewall.16.A.Somechangesinthenervoussystem.B.Theinterferencefromhumanbeings.C.Thesizeofnervecellsinthebrain.D.Theexistenceofcertainnervecells.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Inthewoman’shometown.B.Intheman’shometown.C.Outsidetheirhometown.D.Inasmalltown.18.A.Choosewhicheverfriendcangivethebesttoast.B.Choosewhicheverfriendcanplanthereception.C.Choosewhicheverfriendknowsalltheirin-laws.D.Choosewhicheverfriendknowsalotaboutweddings.19.A.Thebride’sfamily.B.Aweddingplanner.C.Thegroom’sfamily.D.Thenewcouple.20.A.Shedoesn’tthinkitisatradition.B.Shethinkshermother-in-lawcanplantheweddingwell.C.Shethinksitwillcosttoomuchtohaveaweddingplanner.D.Shedoesn’twantherweddingtobeinthechargeofsomeoneunknowntoher.II.GrammarandVocabulary(共30分)SectionA(每题1分，共10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.EnablingtheDisabledIwasstandingatacrosswalkwhenInoticedamanwithawhitecanestandingbesideme.Recognizingthathewasblind,Iofferedassistance,onlytobemetwithapoliterefusal.“No,thankyou,Iknowmyway,andthiscrosswalkhasaudible(听得见的)signals,”hesaid.___1___thelightturnedgreen,therhythmic(有节奏的)“beeping”ofthecrosswalkechoed,andthemancrossedthestreetwiththeeaseofanyotherpedestrian.The“beeping”crosswalkisjustoneexampleofShanghai’scommitmenttofosteringindependenceforpeoplewithdisabilities.Acrossthecity,subwaystationsandpublicbuildingsarenow“handicappedaccessible”withelevators,ramps(坡道),andtactilepaving(盲道砖).Technologyplaysaneven___2___(great)role:Text-to-speechscannersenabletheblindto“read”books,whileadvancedprosthetics(假肢)canreplacemissinglimbs.PerhapsthemostgroundbreakinginnovationisNeuralink,ElonMusk’sbrain-chipinterface.It___3___onedayempowerquadriplegics(四肢瘫痪者)tocontroldevicesthroughthoughtalone.Suchadvancementsarereshapingsocietalattitudestowarddisability.Historically,disabilitywasstigmatized(污名化).Forpeoplewithdisabilities,opportunitiesforeducationoremployment___4___(be)scarce.Wenowrecognizethatdisabilitydoesn’tequatetoinability.Withtherighttools,___5___disabledcanleadautonomous,fulfillinglivesandcontributemeaningfullytosociety.Chinaishometoanestimated85millionpeoplewithdisabilities.Somearebornwithconditions,and___6___areaffectedbyaccidentsorillnesses.Specialattentionhasbeengiventochildrenwithdisabilities.____7____government-fundedspecialschoolsandtrainingprograms,97%ofdisabledchildrennowattendelementaryandsecondaryschool.Eachyear,30,000disabledstudentsenterhighereducation,___8___isatestamenttoprogress.Yetonecriticalaspectremainsoverlooked:mentalhealth.Thedailystruggletoovercomephysicalbarrierscanweardowneventhemostresilient(有适应力的)individuals.Taketherecentclash(冲突)betweenZhengZhihuaandanairlineoverwheelchairaccessibility.Afterthesingercomplainedthathehadto“crawl”ontotheplane,CCTVfootagesurfacedshowingstaffassistinghim.___9___ledsomepeopletoaccusethesingerofexaggeration(言过其实).Zhenglaterapologizedforhis“fitofanger.”Yes,Zhengwaswrong,butIthinkwhileaccountability(问责)matters,sodoesempathy(同理心).Livingwithadisabilityoftenmeans____10____(battle)invisiblefrustrations.Amomentofimpatienceorangershouldn’teclipseyearsofperseverance.Asasociety,wemustlearnto“cutthemsomeslack.”Sometimes,themostpowerfulsupportwecanofferisn’taramporaprosthetic;it’ssimplekindness.【正确答案】1.When2.greater3.may##might4.were5.the6.others7.Through##With8.which9.It10.battling【导语】本文以盲人为例，介绍上海助力残疾人独立的举措与中国残疾人事业进展，同时指出需关注其心理健康，强调社会应给予同理心与善意。【1题详解】考查状语从句。句意：当绿灯亮起时，人行横道处有节奏的“哔哔”声随之响起，而这位男士像其他行人一样轻松地走过了马路。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when，首字母大写。【2题详解】考查比较级。句意：科技的作用更是愈发显著：语音转文字扫描仪让盲人能够“阅读”书籍，而先进的假肢则能够替代缺失的肢体。根据上文even可知用比较级greater。【3题详解】考查情态动词。句意：也许有一天，这种技术能够使四肢瘫痪者仅通过思维就能控制各种设备。根据oneday（将来某天），用情态动词表将来可能性，表“有朝一日能够”，可用may/might。【4题详解】考查时态。句意：对于残疾人而言，接受教育或就业的机会十分匮乏。时间状语Historically表过去时态；主语opportunities为复数，谓语用were。【5题详解】考查冠词。句意：只要拥有合适的工具，残疾人就能过上自主且充实的生活，并为社会做出有意义的贡献。the+形容词表一类人，thedisabled表示“残疾人”。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：有些人天生就存在某些缺陷，而另一些人则是因为意外或疾病而受到影响。固定结构some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”。【7题详解】考查介词。句意：通过政府资助的特殊学校和培训项目，如今97%的残疾儿童能够进入小学和中学就读。表示“通过，借助”用介词through或with，首字母大写。【8题详解】考查定语从句。句意：每年有3万名残疾学生进入高等教育院校就读，这无疑是对进步的有力证明。非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话内容，用关系代词which。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：这使得一些人指责这位歌手言辞夸张。指代前文整件事（监控画面曝光一事），作句子主语用代词it，首字母大写。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：身患残疾往往意味着要与那些不易察觉的困扰作斗争。meandoingsth.表示“意味着做某事”。SectionB(每题1分，共20分)(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.barriersB.breakthroughsC.coinedD.constantlyE.essentialF.figureG.fueledH.genuineI.highlightedJ.shiftK.strugglesTheChangingFaceofParasocialRelationships“Parasocial”hasbeennamedCambridgeDictionary’sWordoftheYearfor2025,andithastodowithrelationships.Aparasocialrelationshipisaone-sided,non-reciprocal(非相互的),emotionalbondthatsomeoneformswithapublic___11___,likeacelebrityorinfluencer(despiteneverhavingmetthem),orwithafictionalcharacterandevenAI.Thoughthetermfeelsmodern,it’snotnew.Itwasactually___12___in1956bysociologistsDonaldHortonandRichardWohltodescribethetendencyofaudiencestofeelasiftheypersonallyknewtheTVhoststheywatched.Today,theinternetandsocialmediahavenotonly___13___theriseofparasocialrelationships,butthey’vealsoredefinedthem.Themuchgreateraccessibilitythroughdigitalmediahasremovedtraditional___14___betweencelebritiesandtheirfollowers.Inthepast,fanshadtowaitforopportunities,suchasanintervieworapublicappearance,toseetheirfavouritestar.Nowadays,theycanfollowthem___15___onsocialmedia,jointhemonlivestreams,andevensendthemmessagesinthehopeofreceivingareply.Thishascreateda___16___,whichcanbebothpositiveandnegative.Onthepositiveside,parasocialconnectionscanbesafeasthere’snosocialpressureorfearofjudgement.Forexample,astreamer(主播)whosharesdailyvlogs,talksopenlyabouttheirfearsandgoals,andaddressestheirviewerslikeclosefriendscanevokeemotionalties.Followersmightcelebratetheirsuccesses,empathize(同情)withtheir___17___,andtrusttheiradvice.Ifthestreamerisrelatable,theycanbecomfortingtowatch,especiallyinanincreasinglylonelyworld,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Butthere’sadarkerside.TheCambridgeteam___18___relationshipswithAIchatbotsandtherisksoftreatingthemascompanionsortherapists(治疗专家).Whileabotmightsay,“I’msorryyoufailedyourexam,”itisn’texpressingrealempathy.It’sonlyreplayingthelanguageitwastrainedon.They’vealsobeenknowntoshareharmfulcontent,distortrealityandgivedangerousadvice.Theycan’teverbetruefriendsandeventhoughtheymightoccasionallyhelporganizeyourthoughts,it’s___19___torememberthattheydon’thaveanyfeelings.Whenkeptinbalancewith___20___,reciprocalfriendships,parasocialrelationshipscanbeenjoyableandharmless.Understandinghowtheseone-sidedbondsworkhelpsusstaymindful,grounded,andincontrolofwhatshapesouremotions.【正确答案】11.F12.C13.G14.A15.D16.J17.K18.I19.E20.H【导语】主要说明了“准社会关系”获评2025年度词汇。社交媒体推动其发展并带来利弊，AI衍生的此类关系暗藏隐患，需结合真实双向友谊理性看待。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：“准社会关系”指的是一种单向、非相互的的情感联系，即某人与公众人物（比如名人或有影响力的人物，尽管从未与他们见过面）、虚构角色，甚至人工智能之间形成的这种关系。根据“likeacelebrityorinfluencer”以及句意“公众人物”可知应填名词figure，作宾语。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：这一术语实际上是在1956年由社会学家唐纳德·霍顿和理查德·沃尔创造的，用于描述观众产生一种感觉，仿佛他们个人认识自己所观看的电视节目主持人一样。根据“in1956bysociologistsDonaldHortonandRichardWohl”以及句意“创造”可知应填动词coin，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：如今，互联网和社交媒体不仅推动了“准社会关系”的兴起，而且还对其进行了重新定义。根据“theriseofparasocialrelationships,butthey’vealsoredefinedthem”以及句意“推动”可知应填动词fuel，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：通过数字媒体实现的更为便捷的接近方式，消除了名人与粉丝之间传统的隔阂。根据“Themuchgreateraccessibilitythroughdigitalmediahasremovedtraditional”以及句意“隔阂”可知应填复数名词barriers，作宾语。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，他们可以在社交媒体上持续关注他们，参与他们的直播活动，甚至还会给他们发送消息，希望能得到回复。根据“jointhemonlivestreams,andevensendthemmessagesinthehopeofreceivingareply”以及句意“持续”可知应填副词constantly，修饰动词follow。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：这导致了某种转变，这种转变既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。根据“whichcanbebothpositiveandnegative”以及句意“转变”可知应填名词shift，作宾语。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：追随者们可能会为他们的成功而欢呼，会与他们的困境感同身受，并会信任他们的建议。根据“Followersmightcelebratetheirsuccesses,empathize(同情)withtheir”以及句意“困境”可知应填复数名词struggles，作宾语。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：剑桥研究团队强调了与人工智能聊天机器人的相关关系，并指出了将它们视为伙伴或治疗师所存在的风险。根据“relationshipswithAIchatbotsandtherisksoftreatingthemascompanionsortherapists(治疗专家)”以及句意“强调”可知应填动词highlight，发生在过去用一般过去时。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们永远不可能成为真正的朋友，尽管他们有时可能会帮你整理思绪，但必须明白的是，他们其实没有任何感情。根据“torememberthattheydon’thaveanyfeelings”以及句意“必须的”可知应填形容词essential，作表语。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果与真实且相互的友谊保持平衡，准社会关系则可以是令人愉快且无害的。根据“reciprocalfriendships”以及句意“真实”可知应填形容词genuine，修饰名词friendships作定语。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.resistantB.concentratingC.recognitionD.resemblingE.essentialF.distinctG.revealedH.approachI.appreciateJ.creativityK.viewedInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingemphasisondevelopingstrongerscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)curriculum(课程)andprograms,asthesedisciplinesarewidely____21____asthemeanstohelpinnovationandsupportnationaleconomies.Thistrendreflectsashiftinhowschooldisciplinesarebeinglookedat;schoolsare____22____onsubjectthathavetraditionallybeenisolatedfromeachother-science,mathematics,andart—infavorofdeeper,interdisciplinarylearning.K-12educationleadersarepioneeringnewmethodsforcombiningtheartswithSTEMactivities,____23____thewaysinwhichsubjectsnaturallyconnectintherealworld.Whilethisnewmovementisbeingdiscussedalmostclearlyanddirectlyinaneducationcontext,itsrootsareplantedacrossnearlyeveryindustry.Inmanyways,technologyistheconnectivetissue.Similarly,engineeringnewtransportationtechnologiesrequiresartfuldesign.Thegrowing____24____oftheimportantunionsbetweendifferentskillsispavingthewayforSTEAMinschools.Somedoubtsofthismovementhavedismissed____25____asamerefashiondrivenbyartistswhoareconcernedtheirprofessionislosingcriticalsupportinanincreasinglytechnology-focusedsociety.However,theHilburnAcademyarguesthatSTEAMisnotjustacontemporaryprogramoflearning,butanimportantlifephilosophy—____26____forhighereducationandcareersuccess.Schoolsshouldprovidestudentsplentifulopportunitiesto____27____thecomplexitiesandcomplicatedlayersthatindicateconcreteknowledge.EarlyexamplesofSTEAMlearningincludeteachingstudentshowmathematicalconceptssuchasgeometry(几何学)arerootedinartworks.WhiletheriseofSTEAMlearningisrelativelynew,therearealreadyfiguresthatprovetheintegrationoftheseseemingly____28____disciplinesissupportingstudentperformanceatschool.AstudyconductedbytheUniversityofFlorida___29___thatstudentswhoareengagedinmusicclassdobetterinmath.Forexample,femalehighschoolstudentsenrolledinmusicappreciationclassscored42pointshigheronthemathsectionoftheirSATs.Formalexperiencewiththeartsisproventocultivateinnovativethinking,adaptabilityandotherproblem-solvingskillsthatarenecessaryformasteringSTEMabilities.inotherwords,____30____isapioneerforstudentstounderstand,use,andapplytechnologiesinnewways.【正确答案】21.K22.B23.D24.C25.H26.E27.I28.F29.G30.J【导语】文章主要讨论了近年来STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）课程和项目受到越来越多的重视，以及将艺术融入STEM形成STEAM的趋势，阐述了这种趋势的背景、意义及对学生表现的积极影响。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：近年来，人们越来越重视发展更强大的科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）课程和项目，因为这些学科被广泛认为是帮助创新和支持国家经济的手段。空格处为谓语动词，beviewedas为固定短语，意为“被视为”前面已有be动词，用过去分词形式。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：这一趋势反映了学校学科看待方式的转变；学校正把重点放在传统上相互孤立的学科上——科学、数学和艺术——以支持更深入的跨学科学习。空格处为谓语动词，concentrateon为固定短语，意为“集中于；专注于”，和前面的are进行时，用concentrate的现在分词形式。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：K-12教育领导者正在开创将艺术与STEM活动相结合的新方法，模仿学科在现实世界中自然联系的方式。空格处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语K-12educationleaders之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，resemble“模仿；类似”符合句意，其现在分词resembling。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：人们越来越认识到不同技能之间重要结合的重要性，这为学校中的STEAM铺平了道路。空格处为名词作主语，recognition“认识；认可”符合句意。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：一些对这一运动持怀疑态度的人认为，这只不过是一种时尚，是由那些担心自己的职业在日益以技术为中心的社会中失去关键支持的艺术家们推动的。空格处为dismiss的宾语，approach“方法；态度”符合句意。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，Hilburn学院认为，STEAM不仅仅是一个当代学习项目，而是一种重要的生活哲学——对高等教育和职业成功至关重要。空格处为形容词作后置定语，essential“必要的；至关重要的”符合句意。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：学校应该为学生提供充足的机会来欣赏表明具体知识的复杂性和复杂层次。空格处为非谓语动词，表目的，应用不定式形式作目的状语，appreciate“欣赏；感激”符合句意，接在不定式to后用原形。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据证明，这些看似截然不同的学科的融合正在支持学生在学校的表现。空格处为形容词修饰名词disciplines，distinct“截然不同的；有区别的”为形容词，符合句意。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：佛罗里达大学进行的一项研究显示，参加音乐课的学生在数学方面表现更好。空格处为谓语动词，reveal“显示；透露”符合句意，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：换句话说，创造力是学生在理解、使用和应用新技术方面的先锋。空格处为名词作主语，creativity“创造力”符合句意。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(共45分)SectionA(每题1分，共15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Girlsarebetteratreadingandwritingthanboysasearlyasthefourthgrade,accordingtoastudy,andthegapcontinuestowidenuntilsenioryear.Scientistsgenerallyagreethatboysandgirlsarepsychologicallymorealikethantheyaredifferent.Butreadingseemstobea(n)____31____,withgrowingevidencesuggestingasimilar____32____inwriting.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalAmericanPsychologist,providedfurtherevidencetosupportthis____33____.DavidReilly,leadauthorofthestudyandadoctoralstudentatGriffithUniversityinQueensland,Australia,saidthestudyquestionedthecommonlyheld____34____thatboysandgirlsstartgradeschoolwiththesamecognitiveabilities.“Itappearsthatthegender____35____forwritingtaskshasbeengreatlyunderestimated,andthatdespiteourbesteffortswithchangesinteachingmethodsdoesnotappeartobe____36____overtime,”hesaid.Factorsexplainingtheresultscouldincludelearning____37____beingmoreprevalentamongboys;thepressuretoconformtomasculineidealsandtheideaofreadingandlanguagebeingfeminine;and____38____differencesinhowboysandgirlsusetheirbrainhemispheres(半球),theauthorsbelieve.ToinvestigatehowliteracylevelsdifferedbetweenboysandgirlsintheU.S.,theteamatGriffithUniversitystudieddatacollectedoverthreedecadesintheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress.Thisdatabaseoftest____39____onover3.9millionstudentsinthefourth,eighthandtwelfthgrades____40____nationalandstateperformancesinarangeofsubjects,andconsideredsuchvariablessuchasdisabilitiesorwhetherchildrenwereEnglishlearners.Readingandwritingwas____41____accordingtochildren’sunderstandingofarangeofdifferentpassagesandgenres,forinstancereports,poetryandessays.Overall,girlswerefoundtoperform____42____betterinreadingandwritingtestsbythefourthgradewhencomparedwithboysofthesameage.Aschildrenprogressedtoeighthandtwelfthgrades,girlscontinuedtoovertakeboys,butthedifferencewasmorepronouncedinwritingthanreading.Butwhatcausedthisdifferenceinabilities?Evidencesuggests____43____problems,suchasbeingdisruptiveinclassorbeingaggressivecouldbelinkedtoneurologicalconditions,theauthorswrote.Whatisknownaslateralization(偏侧化),orthe____44____forsomefunctionstooccurononesideofthebrain,couldalsoplayarole.Boysarebelievedtouseonehemispherewhenreadingorwriting,whilegirlsappeartouseboth.Thedatadidnot,however,____45____evidencetoargueinfavorofthetwogendershavingdifferentlearningstyles.31.A.exception B.model C.representative D.principle32.A.factor B.standard C.pattern D.level33.A.scenery B.scene C.look D.view34.A.activity B.belief C.behavior D.education35.A.relation B.link C.gap D.record36.A.reducing B.increasing C.accepting D.promoting37.A.advantages B.actions C.comforts D.difficulties38.A.weak B.slight C.tender D.soft39.A.becomes B.illustrates C.appears D.scores40.A.brokedown B.wrotedown C.satdown D.wentdown41.A.gathered B.ignored C.measured D.designed42.A.highly B.significantly C.severely D.crucially43.A.traditional B.educational C.cultural D.behavioral44.A.tendency B.strength C.quality D.ability45.A.attack B.provide C.trap D.suspend【正确答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C36.A37.D38.B39.D40.A41.C42.B43.D44.A45.B【导语】文章通过多年大数据研究，指出女生读写能力自小学四年级起普遍优于男生且差距不断拉大，并从学习、心理、大脑差异等角度分析背后成因。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作方面也存在类似情况。A.exception例外；B.model模型；C.representative代表；D.principle原则。根据上文“Scientistsgenerallyagreethatboysandgirlsarepsychologicallymorealikethantheyaredifferent.”可知，科学家普遍认同男孩女孩心理上相似远多于差异，but转折后说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的方面，也就是说阅读是一个例外。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作方面也存在类似情况。A.factor因素；B.standard标准；C.pattern模式；D.level水平。根据上文“Girlsarebetteratreadingandwritingthanboysasearlyasthefourthgrade,accordingtoastudy,andthegapcontinuestowidenuntilsenioryear.”可知，研究表明“女生的读写能力优于男生”，因此此处表达的是写作和阅读一样也存在类似的差异模式。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：这篇发表于《美国心理学家》期刊的研究，进一步佐证了该观点。A.scenery风景；B.scene场景；C.look外表；D.view观点。根据上文“Butreadingseemstobea(n)

____,withgrowingevidencesuggestingasimilar

____inwriting.

”可知，这项研究提供了更多证据来支持这个前文提到的观点。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：澳大利亚昆士兰州格里菲斯大学的博士生、该研究第一作者戴维・赖利表示，这项研究质疑了人们的普遍认知：男孩与女孩刚入学时拥有同等认知能力。A.activity活动；B.belief信念；C.behavior行为；D.education教育。根据空后的“thatboysandgirlsstartgradeschoolwiththesamecognitiveabilities.”可知，此处指研究质疑了人们普遍持有的看法：男孩女孩刚上小学时认知能力相同，commonlyheldbelief是常用搭配，表“普遍认同的观点”。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：他表示：“写作方面的性别差距一直被严重低估，即便我们不断调整教学方式，这一差距也并未随时间缩小。”A.relation关系；B.link联系；C.gap差距；D.record记录。文章首句“Girlsarebetteratreadingandwritingthanboysasearlyasthefourthgrade,accordingtoastudy,andthegapcontinuestowidenuntilsenioryear.”就提到读写能力的性别差距会持续扩大，此处为原词复现：写作的性别差距一直被严重低估。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：他表示：“写作方面的性别差距一直被严重低估，即便我们不断调整教学方式，这一差距也并未随时间缩小。”A.reducing减少；B.increasing增加；C.accepting接受；D.promoting提升。根据“despite”以及句意可知，此处要表达的是尽管我们调整教学方法做出了很多努力，但是差距并没有缩小。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：研究作者认为，造成该差异的原因有：男生群体学习困难问题更为普遍；迫于社会观念要符合男性刻板形象，且阅读与语言学习常被贴上女性化标签；以及男女大脑半球运作方式存在细微差别。A.advantages优势；B.actions行动；C.comforts安慰；D.difficulties困难。根据空前的“Factorsexplainingtheresultscouldincludelearning”可知，此处在分析男孩表现更差的原因之一是：男孩群体中学习困难更普遍，learningdifficulties是固定搭配“学习困难”。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：研究作者认为，造成该差异的原因有：男生群体学习困难问题更为普遍；迫于社会观念要符合男性刻板形象，且阅读与语言学习常被贴上女性化标签；以及男女大脑半球运作方式存在细微差别。A.weak虚弱的；B.slight轻微的；C.tender温柔的；D.soft柔软的。根据空后的“differencesinhowboysandgirlsusetheirbrainhemispheres”可知，此处指的是第三个因素：男孩女孩使用脑半球存在轻微的生理差异，slight修饰differences符合语境。【39题详解】考查动词和名词。句意：这份收录390多万四、八、十二年级学生考试成绩的数据库，分类统计了全国及各州多门学科的学业表现，同时考量了残疾、是否为英语学习者等变量。A.becomes成为；B.illustrates说明；C.appears似乎；D.scores得分，分数。根据空前的“Thisdatabaseoftest”及空后的“onover3.9millionstudentsinthefourth,eighthandtwelfthgrades”可知，此处表示这个数据库收录了390多万名学生的考试分数，testscores表“考试分数”。【40题详解】考查动词短语。句意：这份收录390多万四、八、十二年级学生考试成绩的数据库，分类统计了全国及各州多门学科的学业表现，同时考量了残疾、是否为英语学习者等变量。A.brokedown分解；B.wrotedown写下；C.satdown坐下；D.wentdown下降。根据空后的“nationalandstateperformancesinarangeofsubjects,andconsideredsuchvariablessuchasdisabilitiesorwhetherchildrenwereEnglishlearners.”可知，此处指数据库会把成绩按全国、各州的不同科目表现分类统计，breakdown表“拆解分类”，符合语境，其他短语语义不通。【41题详解】考查动词。句意：读写水平依据学生对报告、诗歌、散文等不同文体与篇章的理解程度测评。A.gathered收集；B.ignored忽视；C.measured测量；D.designed设计。根据空后“accordingtochildren’sunderstandingofarangeofdifferentpassagesandgenres”可知，此处指读写能力是根据学生对不同文体的理解来衡量的，符合研究测评的语境。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：总体来看，四年级女生在读写测试中的表现明显优于同龄男生。A.highly高度地；B.significantly显著地；C.severely严重地；D.crucially至关重要地。根据文章首句“Girlsarebetteratreadingandwritingthanboysasearlyasthefourthgrade,accordingtoastudy,andthegapcontinuestowidenuntilsenioryear.”可知，此处指研究发现到四年级时，女孩的表现显著优于同龄男孩，significantly表“显著地”修饰比较级better，符合语境。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：研究作者写道，有证据表明，课堂捣乱、性格冲动等行为问题，可能与神经系统状况相关。A.traditional传统的；B.educational教育的；C.cultural文化的；D.behavioral行为的。根据后文的举例“suchasbeingdisruptiveinclassorbeingaggressive”可知，“课堂捣乱、好斗”都属于行为问题。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：大脑功能偏侧化，即部分生理功能集中在大脑单侧运作的特性，也会产生影响。A.tendency倾向；B.strength力量；C.quality质量；D.ability能力。根据后文的“Boysarebelievedtouseonehemispherewhenreadingorwriting,whilegirlsappeartouseboth.”可知，男生在读写时多使用单侧大脑，偏侧化就是“某些大脑功能偏侧于一侧的倾向”，tendency表“倾向”，符合定义。【45题详解】考查动词。句意：不过，该研究数据并未提供有效依据，来证实男女存在不同的学习方式。A.attack攻击；B.provide提供；C.trap困住；D.suspend暂停。结合空后的“thetwogendershavingdifferentlearningstyles.”及全文可知，文章只是客观介绍了男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异，但是数据并没有提供证据支持“男女有不同学习风格”的说法，provideevidence是固定搭配“提供证据”，符合语境。SectionB(每题2分，共22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OnJune23,1970,Ihadjustbeenmustered(退伍)outoftheArmyaftercompletingmyone-yeartourofdutyinVietnam.Iwasa23-year-oldArmyveteranonaplanefromOakland,California,returninghometoDallas,Texas.Ihadbeenwarnedaboutthehostilitymanyofourfellowcountrymenfelttowardreturningvetsatthattime.Therewerenohometownparadesforuswhenwecamehomefromthatunpopularwar.Liketensofthousandsofothers,Iwasjusttryingtogethomewithoutincident.Isat,inuniform,inawindowseat,chain-smokingandavoidingeyecontactwithmyfellowpassengers.Noonewassittingintheseatnexttome,whichaddedtomyisolation.Ayounggirl,notmorethan10yearsold,suddenlyappearedintheaisle.Shesmiledand,withoutaword,timidlyhandedmeamagazine.Iacceptedheroffering,herquiet“welcomehome”.AllIcouldsaywas,“Thankyou”.Idonotknowwhereshesatdownorwhoshewaswithbecauserightafteracceptingthemagazinefromher,Iturnedtothewindowandwept.HersmallgestureofcompassionwasthefirstIhadexperiencedinalongtime.Ibelieveintheconnectionbetweenstrangerswhentheyreachouttooneanother.Thatyounggirlundoubtedlyhasnomemoryofwhathappenedyearsago.Iliketothinkofhera