大学英语四级模拟试卷988

大学英语四级模拟试卷988

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledBigCityor

SmallTown.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.有的大学生毕业后想去大城市2.有的人则选择小城镇3.我的选择BigCityor

SmallTown

标准答案：BigCityorSmallTownEverygraduatefacesthechoiceofwhethertobea

smallfishinabigpondorabigfishinasmallpond.Plentyofcollegegraduatespreferto

stayinbigcitiesastheybelievebigcitiescandogreatgoodtotheirfuturedevelopment.

Bigcitiesprovidethemwithmoreopportunities.betterlivingconditions,more

entertainmentfacilities,andhighersalary,etc.Othersprefertoworkinsmalltowns,

assumingthattherearestillsomeadvantagesofworkingthere.First,theycanleada

quieterandlesscompetitivelife,enjoylowerlivingexpenses,andmaywinearlier

promotion.Additionally,theycouldbeclosertonaturewhichisrelativelylesspolluted.

Formypart,Iprefertostartinsmalltowns,andtherearenumerousreasonsformy

choice.First,ourcountryneedsustoservethepeoplethere,especiallythoseinremote

areas.Next,smalltownscouldblessmewithapeacefullifeandhelpmegetridofthe

hustleandbustleofbigcites.Inaword,whatcountsisnotwheretowork,buthowto

live.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70

分。）

ForaSharpBrain,StimulationTherearemanyphenomenathatarousepeople'sconcern,

especiallyseriousdiseases.Americansmayworryaboutheartdisease,strokeand

diabetes,buttheycompletelydreadAlzheimer'sdisease,arecentsurveyfound.Forgood

reason.Oneineightadultsover65isaffectedbythedisease.Thosewhoaresparedknow

theymayendupwiththeburdenofcaringforaparentoraspousewhoisaffected.Even

thoughthenumberofolderadultswithdementias（痴呆）isrisingrapidly,onlyafew

drugsthathavebeenapprovedtotreatsymptomsareonthemarket,andtheyslowdown

thediseasebutdonotcureit.Researchers,however,aremoreoptimisticthaneverabout

thepotentialoftheagingbrain,becauserecentevidencehaschallengedlong-heldbeliefs

bydemonstratingthatthebraincangrownewnervecells."Foralongtime,weheldthe

assumptionthatwe'rebornwithallthenervecellswe'reevergoingtohave,andthatthe

brainisnotcapableofgeneratingnewones-thatoncethesecellsdiewe'reunableto

replacethem,"saidMollyV.Wagster,chiefoftheNeuropsychologyofAgingbranchof

theNationalInstituteonAging."Thoseassumptionshavebeenchallengedandputbythe

wayside."Thebirthofnewnervecells,shesaid,"hasbeenshowntooccurintheadult一

notonlyinadultratsandmonkeys,butalsoinolderadulthumans.,rMostoftheareasthat

showneurogenesis（神经生成）andthathavebeeninvestigatedsofarareimportantfor

learningandmemory,particularlythehippocampus,sheadded.Sohowdoesone

stimulateneurogenesis?Scientistsdonothavealltheanswers,butstudiesofolderpeople

whohavemaintainedtheirmentalacuityprovidesomeclues.Theytendtobesocially

connected,withstrongtiestorelatives,friendsandcommunity.Theyarcoftenboth

physicallyhealthyandphysicallyactive.Andtheytendtobeengagedinstimulatingor

intellectuallychallengingactivities.Thebigquestioniswhethertheyremainmentally

alertbecausetheyengageintheseactivities,orwhethertheyareabletoengageinthese

activitiesbecausetheyarecognitivelyintact."Wedon'tknowwhetherthisisanexample

ofreversecausationornot——it'sprobablyatwo-waystreet,"saidBruceS.McEwen.who

headstheneuroendocrinologylabatRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butsome

interventionalstudiesthathaveintroducedolderadultstoexerciseregimenshave

reportedremarkableresults.ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-

Champaignrecruitedagroupofsedentary（久坐的）adultsbetweentheagesof60and75,

assigninghalfofthemtoanaerobicexerciseprogramthatmetthreetimesaweekto

walk,whileacontrolgroupdidanaerobicstretchingandtoning.Thescientistsmeasured

thegroup'scognitivefunctionbeforeandafterthesix-monthprogramandfound

improvementsamongthosewhohaddonethewalking."Sixmonthsofexercisewillbuy

youa15to20percentimprovementinmemory,decision-makingabilityandattention."

saidArthurF.Kramer,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois."Itwill

alsobuyyouincreasesinthevolumeofvariousbrainregionsintheprefrontaland

temporalcortex,andmoreefficientneuronetworksthatsupportthekindofcognitionwe

examined,"Otherstudieshavefoundimprovementsincognitivefunctionaftera

combinedregimen（养生法）ofphysicalexerciseandcognitivetraining.Butskepticssay

thereisnoguaranteethatintellectualstimulationwillpreventAlzheimer'sdiseaseor

otherformsofdementia."Maybeitdocs,butIdon'tthinkwchaveashredofevidence,11

saidDr.RobertN.Butler,apsychiatristandgerontologistwhoispresidentofthe

InternationalLongevityCenler-USA."Whatitdoesismaintaingoodhealth,"hesaid,

adding,"Idon'tthink,wecangomuchfurtherthanihat."Buiihereisconsensusamong

scientistsonafewrecommendationsforactionthat,mostagree,cannothurt.Regular

physicalactivitymayimprovebrainfunction,bothbyincreasingbloodflowtothebrain

andstimulatingtheproductionofhormonesandnervegrowthfactorsinvolvedin

ncurogcncsis.Animalstudieshavefoundthatphysicallyactiveanimalshavebetter

memoriesandmorecellsintheirhippocampus.Exercisealsoplaysaroleincountering

diseaseslikeType2diabetes,whichincreasestheriskofdementia.Cholesterol（胆固

醇）andhypertension,whichaffectvascularhealth,alsoneedtobekeptincheck.Seeking

outstimulationthroughinterestingwork,volunteeropportunitiesorcontinuingeducation

isbeneficial.Travel,read,takeupanewlanguageorlearntoplayamusicalinstrument.

Stayingsociallyconnectedisalsoassociatedwithbrainhealth,asismanagingstress

effectively.Chronicstresscanleadtotherewiringofareasofthebrainthatareinvolved

inemotion,memoryanddecision-making,Dr.McEwensaid,"andthebrainbecomes

morebiasedtowardmoreanxiety,moredepression,lessflexibilityintermsofdecision­

makingandbecomeslessabletostoreinformation."Mostscientistsrecommendeatinga

Mcditcrrancan-stylcdiet,includingfishandnutscontainingomcga-3fattyacids,

antioxidant-richfruitsandvegetables,oliveoilandpossiblysomeredwine.（Bluebcrries

arcalsorccommcndcd.）Somcalsosuggestavoidingplayinggameslikefootball,because

oftheriskofheadinjuries,stayingawayfrompesticidesaneinsecticidesthatcontain

neurotoxinsandnotdrinkingexcessively."Anotherthingthat'simportantaspeopleget

olderistomaintainflexibleattitudesandbewillingtotrynewthings,nsaidK.Warner

Schaie,whoin1956startedtheSeattleLongitudinalStudy,whichfollowsthe

psychologicadevelopmentofparticipantsthroughadulthood."Youhavetoexpectthings

willshiftovertimeandwon'tbethesameaswhenyouwereyoung.Thosewhomanage

torollwiththepunches,andenjoychangeratherthanfightingit,tendtodowell."

2、Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionof.

A、thesignificanceofstimulationinbrainhealth

B、thestudiesoftheagingbrain

C、thewaystopreventAlzheimer'sdisease

D、thesymptomsofdementia

标准答案：A

知识点解析：纵观全文,我们可以了解到本文主要讲述科学研究人员认为大脑可以

生成新的神经细胞，通过一激发大脑神经的活动.老年人可以保持思维活跃。换句

话说。本文主要讲述刺激对大脑健康的重要意义。选项A）农述的正是这样的信

息.故A）为正确答案。

AmericansdreadAlzheimer'sdiseaseprobablybecause.

A、itisincurableandbringsgreatburden

itssymptomsaredifficulttoidentify

C^itisinfectious

D、itsdevelopmentisrapid

标准答案:A

知识点解析：由题干关健词dreadAlzheimer'sdisease可以定位到文章第一段。最

后三句：Oneineightadultsover65isaffectedbythedisease.Thosewhoarespared

knowtheymayendupwiththeburdenofcaningforaparentoraspousewhois

affected.Eventhoughthenumberofolderadultswithdementiasisrisingrapidly,only

afewdrugsthathavebeenapprovedtotreatsymptomsareonthemarketandtheyslow

downthediseasebutnotcureit.可知所令,美国人都害怕帕金森氏症是因为娶病率

高，药物少，不可治愈且给家庭成员带来极大负担。故A）为正确答案。

4、Researchershaveanoptimisticoutlookonthepotentialoftheagingbrain

because.

A、wearebornwithallthenervecells

B、thebrainisprotectedbytheskull

C、wcarcunlikelytobeaftcctcdbyAlzheimer'sdisease

D、thebraincangeneratenewnervecells

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干关键词optimistic,potentialoftheagingbrain可以定位到文章

第二段：Researchers,however,aremoveoptimisticthaneveraboutthepotentialof

theagingbrain,thebraincangrownewnevercell.本段主要告诉我们,研究人员对

老年人大脑发展潜力持乐观的态度，因为最近发现的证据表明大脑可以生成新的神

经细胞。由此可知，选项D）与原文信息一致，故答案为D）。

5、Accordingtothestudiesofolderpeoplewithmentalacuity.onemaytriggeroff

neurogenesisby.

A、keepingmentalandphysicalhealth

B、preventingcognitiveintactness

C、establishingfirmpublicrelationships

D^participatinginimellectuallychallengingactivities

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干关键词studiesofolderpeoplewithmentalacuity可以定位到文

章第六段。这些老年人有一系列特点，如有社交，跟亲戚朋友及社区联系密切，身

体健康且活跃。其中最后一句：Andtheytendtobeengagedinstimulatingor

intellectuallychallengingactivities.本句中的they回指上文提到的“思维敏锐的老年

人”。由此可知。人们可以通过参加智力激发活动，来激发神经生成。保持思维活

跃，只有D）项符合。

6、ThesubjectsinvolvedintheresearchaltheUniversityofIllinoiswere.

A、olderadultswhoexercisedregularly

B、seniorcitizenssufferingmentalretardation

C、sedentaryadultsbetween60and75

D、aerobicexercisersbetween60and75

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干关键词iheUniversityoflllinois可以定位到文章第九段第二

句：ResearchersattheUniversityoflllinoisatUrbana-Champaignrecruitedagroupof

sedentaryadultsbetweentheagesof60and75…由此可知，参与伊利诺大学研究的受

试者是年龄在60到75岁久坐不动的一群老年人，圻以C）为正确答案。

7、Dr.RobertN.Butlertakesitthatintellectualstimulation.

A、canimprovecognitivefunction

canonlyhelppeoplestayingoodhealth

C>cancureotherformsofdementia

D、canhelppeoplegofurther

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干关键词Dr.RobertN.Butler可以定位到文章第十三段。本段

最后一句：Whatitdoesismaintaingoodhealth…中的it回指上文的intellectual

stimulation,本句意思是“智力激发所能做的只是使人们保持健康。”所以正确答案

为B）。

8、WhichofthefollowingisNOTassociatedwithbrainhealth?

A^Continuingeducation.

B>Livingunderstress.

C>Stayingsociallyconnected.

D^Takingupanewlanguage.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干关键词brainhealth可以定位到文章第十六段。第三句：

Stayingsociallyconnectedisalsoassociatcdwithbrainhealth»asismanagingstress

effectively.可知，有效应对压力会促进大脑健康。B）项与原文不符，故为答窠。

9、AccordingtoDr.McEwen.therewiringofthebrainpartsinvolvedinemotion,

memoryanddecision-makingcanbecausedby.

标准答案：chronicstress

知识点解析：由题干关键词therewiringofthebrainparts可以定位到文章第十六段

最后一句：Chronicstresscanleadtotherewiringofareasofthebrainthatareinvolved

inemotion,memoryanddecision-making…意思是“长期的压力会导致参与情感、记

忆以及决策活动的大脑各部位反复联通。”由此可知，情感、记忆以及决策所涉及

的大脑部位反复连接可以由长期的压力引发。所以，本题答案可写为chronic

stress©

10、SemescientistsadviseolderpeoplenotInbecausetheymayhavetheirheads

injured.

标准答案：playfootball

知识点解析：由题干关键词Iheirheadsinjured可以定位到文章第十七段最后一句：

Somealsosuggestavoidingplayinggameslikefootball,becauseoftheriskofhead

injuries...可知，一些科学家建议老年人不要进行足球这样的体育活动，因为会使头

部受伤。因此，本题答案可写为play「oolballc

11、TheSeattleLongitudinalStudywhichstartedin1956makesresearchintoof

subjectsthroughadulthood.

标准答案：psychologicaldevelopment

知识点解析：由题干关键词SeatUeLongiuidinalStudy可以定位到文章第卜八段第

一句：...whoin1956startedtheSeattleLongitudinalStudy,whichfollowsthe

psychologicaldevelopmentofparticipantsthroughadulthood…可知，开始于1956年

的西雅图纵向研究，研究受试者的心理发展，贯穿成年时代。因此，本题答案可写

为psychologicaldevelopment0

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Thedriver'sreactionwasunderstandable.

B、Drinkingcoffeeisnotallowedonthebus.

C>Someofthewoman'scoffeespilledonthedriver.

D、Thedrivershouldnothaveyelledatthewoman.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：女士对男士抱怨说司机刚刚竟然那样对她大吼大叫。男士回答说当她

把咖啡洒到车上的时候，她期待能有什么反应。即司机的行为是可以理解的。

13、

A、Hedoesnotliketoborrowmoney.

B、Hehasalotofmoneytolend.

C、Heisunlikelytolendmoney.

D、Helenttendollarstothewoman.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：男士问女士说明天John是否会借给他15美元。女士回答说男士在开

玩笑，John常常处于破产状态，另外现在还欠着上周向她借的10美元呢。即John

根本无钱可借，所以不大可能借给别人钱。

14、

A^Hisclasslastedlongerthanusual.

B、Hegotlostonthewaytothemovie.

C、Hedidnotknowwhattimethemoviestarted.

D、Hedidnotpayattentiontothetime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：女士问男士为什么来的这么晚，她告诉他电影七点开始了。男士表示

抱歉说他课下和几个人聊了一会结果忘了时间，所以迟到了。可知，男士聊天时没

有注意时间。

15、

A^Askherbrotherforaridetothemeeting.

B、Findadifferenthotel.

C、Payfbrthemeetinginadvance.

D^Canceltheman'shotelreservation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士问女士去不去在芝加哥的会议，说他已经定好旅馆了。女士说为

什么要定旅馆呢，他弟弟那有很多住的地方。可知，女士接下来很可能会帮男士取

消预定的旅馆。

16、

A^Listentothetrafficreportontheradio.

B、Takealatertrain.

C>Runtocatchthenexttrain.

D、Checktheweekendschedule.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士问女士火车什么时候能到这个城市。女士回答说一般来说每20

分钟来一趟，但是这是周末，所以她也不确定。即男士应当查一查周末列车的时间

表。

17、

A、Goouttoeatwithherparents.

B、Findaplacetoliveneartheharbor.

C、Getajobatarestaurant.

D、Introducehimtoherparents.

标准答案：A

知识点》析：女士说她父母这周末要来看她，他们是第一次来这里，而且很兴奋。

男士说这里有些餐馆很好的，尤其是在港口旁边的那家。可知男士建议女士请她父

母去这家餐馆尝尝。

18、

A^She'llplaychesswiththemanthisafternoon.

B、Shedoesn'tknowhowtoplaychess.

C、She'llwearawarmjackettothematch.

D、She'drathernotgooutwiththeman.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：男士说外面天冷风大，今天下午很适合下国际象棋。女士表示赞同，

说她也想下国际象棋，问题是她一直不懂规则。可知女士不会下国际象棋。

19、

A、Applyfbranewlibrarycard.

B、GogethisstudentIDcard.

C、TalktothelibrarianabouthisIDcard.

D、Getthelibrarybooksfromhisroom.

标准答案：

知识之解析B：女士问男士是否做好准备去图书馆了，并提醒他这次有没有带学生

卡。男士回答说就在这，一看才发现落在房间里了，说要回去拿。可知男士接下来

要回自己的房间拿学生卡。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Playbasketballwithfriendsfromwork.

B、Tryoutforthecompanybaseballteam.

C>Getinshapeandcompeteinacyclingrace.

D、Havefootballmatchesafterwork.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据男士说他想参加公司组织的篮球队，可知正确答案为A）项。

21、

A、Shedoesn'twantthemantostayoutdoorslong.

B、Sheisafraidthemanwillbecomeafitnessfreak.

C、Sheisconcernedabouttheman'shealth.

D、Sheisconcernedaboutherownphysicalshape.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：女士担心男士在球场上跑来跑去会犯心脏病，故C）为正确选项。

22、

A、Heshouldconsumelesssalt.

B、Heshouldcatlessvegetable.

C、Heshouldeatmoreprotein.

D^Heshouldeatlessfattyfood.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：女士想让男士减少食用高脂肪食品，故正确答案为D）项。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A^Enjoyable.

B、Adventurous.

C、Respectable.

D、Challenging.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：女士说看男士喜欢他的工作，男士说是非常喜欢。男士说他喜欢了解

新文化，故选A）项。

24、

A、Theyaremoreadaptable.

B、Theyhaveinterestinboththejobandthecountry.

C、Theyareintentonnewcultures.

D、Theyhavetherightqualitiestoworkabroad.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：男士说年轻人通常不仅对这份工作感兴趣也对这个国家感兴趣，故选

B）项。

25、

A、Hehastofacedifferentcultures.

B、Hehastofiresomepeople.

C^HehastoworkinThailandforsometimeeveryyear.

D、Hehastotellpeopleheisunabletohelpthem.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士说他讨厌告诉人们他们无能为力，故选D）项。

26、

A、Easygoing,understanding,andsensitive.

B>Adaptable,workaholic,andunderstanding.

C、Easygoing,workaholic,andfriendly.

D^Adaptable,sensitive,andoutgoing.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士说他认为有三种必备品质，第一是适应性强，第二是比较敏感能

尊重该国的文化，第三是性格外向，故选D）项。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题上0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Hewasagreattalkerwithgoodcharacters.

B、HewasastudentofthegreatPhilosopherPlato.

C^Hewascondemnedbystudentsfornotbelievingingods.

D、Histeachingcorruptedthousandsofyoungpeople.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者在文章开篇对苏格拉底进行了介绍，他拥有有趣的外貌和令人感

到愉快的脸庞，他具有臭好的性格，是一位伟大的演说家,他是学生柏拉图称其为

“最优秀公正明智的人"，故选A）项。

28、

A、Heaskedthemquestionsandprovidedreferences.

Hetoldthestudentsnottoprelendtoknoweverything.

C、Hemadethestudentsthinkbythemselves.

D^Hewrotemanybookstorecordhisthoughtsandideas.

标准答案：c

知识点露析：作者指出，苏格拉底的教学方法是向学生们提出问题，并假装自己并

不知道答案，从而迫使学生独立思考，故选。项。

29、

A、Hisideasandteachingmethodscorruptedthestudents.

B>Thenewideasheencouragedthreatenedtheconservatives.

C、Hecouldn'twinoverenoughpeopletosupporthim.

D^Thelawwasproperandwise,noonecandenyitsjustice.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查苏格拉底被判死刑的原因，文中提到.由于苏格拉底鼓励年

轻人自由思考，观念创新，从而引起了保守人士的恐慌，他们希望苏格拉底保持沉

默。苏格拉底拥有使自己获得更轻刑法的权利，并可以争取更多人的支持。但他相

信法律的公正性，所以平静的服毒服刑。故选B）项。

30、

A、Itonlyneedsanopenspace.

B、Itonlyneedsverysmallspace.

C^Itcangrowmixedvegetables.

D、Itneedsmorenaturalsunlight.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中开篇就指出了迷你种植园相较于传统种植园的优势在于占地空间

小，即使你只有一处门阶，一个阳台，甚至一方窗沿，你都可以设置迷你种植园，

选B）项。

31、

ANThereisacompetitionamongpeopleingardening.

B、Themeatsanddairyproductsarenothealthy.

C>Moreandmorepeoplewanttoenjoyrealfreshfood.

D、Youcansavemoneyandgetgreatpleasure.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章中介绍了人们选择自己种植的原因。现在蔬菜的价格可以与肉类

和乳制品抗衡，这是人们自己在室内种植蔬菜的重要原因。但是除去经济方面的原

因。自己种植可以享受到收获真正新鲜产品的乐趣，故选D）项。

32、

A、Allthevegetablesmustgrowinthesun.

B、Rootvegetablescanstandmoreshadethanleafyones.

C>Vegetablefruitplantsneedthemostsunlight.

D、Leafyandrootvegetableswanttotalshadeenvironment.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中随后就不同品种作物的种植提出了建议。蔬菜在充足的阳光下都

能长得更好。多叶蔬菜在背阴处的耐受性比根茎蔬菜强，而根茎蔬菜又比结果蔬菜

强，所以结果蔬菜需要的阳光最多，故选C）项。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

33、

A、Itmakesthedyingevenscared.

B、Itfailstocomfortthedying.

C、Itwon'Ibetrue.

D^Itisofnomeaningbysayingso.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中提到如果你自己没有身患绝症就不要告诉病人你了解他的感受，

这不是真的，因此C）项正确。

34、

A、Listenwithoutcriticismandwithoutgivingadvice.

B、Avoidtalkingaboutdeath.

C、Tellhimorherthatyouknowhowheorshefeels.

D、Encouragethedyingtobebrave.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中提到“与临终的人谈话时只是听就不会出错”，隔一句又具体说到

不加批评不给建议地听。所以A）项正确。

35、

A、Overcomeyourowngriefandvisitthedying.

B、Nottothinkaboutit.

C^Askotherstogotovisitthedyingforyou.

D、Makeaphonecallorgiveapersonalnote.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中提到如果对你来说，去拜访将死之人太难做到，你可以通过打电

话或捎信表达你的支持。因此D）项正确。

36、

A、Allowthepersonstofeeltheyaredying.

B、Makeeverythingabouthowawfulitis.

C、Payattentiontothedyingperson'sphysicalcondition.

D、Trytoimprovethedyingperson'slifequality.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中提到对将死之人来说，生活的质量是非常重要的，故选D）项。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

“分。）

Languageistheprincipalmeanswherebyweconductoursociallives.Whenitisusedin

[Bl]ofcommunication.itisboundupwithculturein[B2]and

complexways.Tobeginwith,thewordspeopleutterrefertocommonexperience.They

expressfacts,ideasoreventsthatare[B3]becausetheyrefertoastockof

knowledgeabouttheworldthatotherpeopleshare.Wordsalso[B4]their

authors'attitudesand[B5].theirpointsofviewthatarealsothoseofothers.In

bothcases,languageexpressesculturalreality.Butmembersofa[B6]orsocial

groupdonotonlyexpressexperience;theyalsocreateexperiencethroughlanguage.

Theygivemeaningtoitthroughthe[B7]theychoosetocommunicatewithone

another,forexample,speakingonthetelephoneorface-to-face,writingaletteror

sendingane-mailmessage,readingthenewspaperor[B8]agraphorchart.

[B9]tothegrouptheybelongto.Throughallitsverbalandnon-verbalaspects,

languageembodiesculturalreality.[BIO].Speakersidentitythemselvesand

othersthroughtheiruseoflanguagestheyviewtheirlanguageasasymboloftheirsocial

identity.Thebanofitsuse[Bl1].Thuswecansaythatlanguagesymbolizes

culturalreality.

37、[Bl]

标准答案：contexts

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2I

标准答案：multiple

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：conveyable

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：reflect

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B5]

标准答案：beliefs

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：community

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：medium

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：inlerpreling

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案：Thewayinwhichpeopleusethespoken,written,orvisualmediumitself

createsmeaningsthatareunderstandable

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Finally,languageisasystemofsignsthatisseenashavingitselfacultural

value

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bill

标准答案：isoftenperceivedbyitsspeakersasarejectionoftheirsocialgroupandtheir

culture

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题，每题分，共

I。分。)

"Eatingisamoralact,"asmyfriendDavidAndrews,afellowpromoterofsustainable

agriculture,isfondofsaying.Althoughwemaynotgiveitmuchthought,whatwe

choosetoeatisa[SI]ofourbasicvaluesandbeliefs.Forthemostpart,

Americanswanttheirfoodtobequick,convenient,andcheap—[S2]ofwhether

theybuyitatasupermarketora[S3]fast-foodfranchise.Americanslikethings

thatarefastandeasy,requiringminimalpersonaloreconomicsacrifice.Americansalso

[S4]'lookinggood"andchoosefoodsthat"lookgood".Someareevenwilling

tospendalotofmoneyonfoodthatmakesthem"lookgood"—aswhentheyeatin

[S5]restaurants.ThecharacteristicsofAmerica'sdominantfoodcultureare

cost.convenience,and[S6].However,anewAmericanfoodethicisemergingto

challengethesedominantvalues.The[S7]growthindemandlororganicfoods,

averagingmorethan20%peryearformorethanadecade,is[S8]oneamong

severalindicatorsofanewfoodethic.Organicfoodswereneithercheapernormore

[S9]thanconventionalfood,norweretheymoreconvenienttoacquire.The

earlyorganicconsumersweremore[S10]tobelabeledas"counter-cultural"than

as"trendsellers'*.Thosewhochoseorganicfoodsobviouslywereexpressingadifferent

foodethic.Farmers'markets,communitysupportedagricultureorganizations,andother

meansofdirectfoodmarketinghaveexperiencedgrowthralessimilariothosefor

organicfoods.A)appearanceI)regardlessB)likelyJ)possibleC)butK)valueD)emphasize

L)affcctE)rcflcctionM)localF)attractivcN)uttcrlyG)appropriatclyO)rapidH)expcnsive

48、[SI]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：由空格前的不定冠词和后面的介词可知。本处需填名词。空格所在句

句意为“…但是我们选择吃什么东西会是我们基本的价值观和信念的。”根据句

意，reflection”反映”意思最合适。

49、[S2]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：空格所在句句意为“多半情况下，美国人希望自己的食物快捷、方

便、廉价是在超市买来的。还是在当地快餐连锁店买来的。"regardlessof

是一个固定短语，意思是“不管，不顾

50、[S3]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：由空格前的不定冠词和后面的名词可知，本处需填形容词。空格所在

句句意为“多半情况下，美国人希望自己的食物快捷、方便、廉价一不管是在超

市买来的，还是在快餐连锁店买来的。”根据句意，local“当地的”意思最合适。

51、[S4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：连词and连接两个并列句，本处需填动词。空格所在句句意为“美国

人也——，美观'，并选择，好看'的食物。”根据句意，确定最佳选项value“重视”。

52、[S5]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：由空格前面的介词和后面的名词可以断定本处需填形容词。空格所在

句句意为“有些人甚至愿意花很多钱买使他们‘有面子’的食物一就像他们在饭店

就餐时那样。''根据句意，expensive“昂贵的，豪华的“意思最为合适。

53、[S6]

标准答案：A

知识点。析：连词and要求前后为平衡结构，前面为名词，后面必定为名词。空格

所在句句意为“美国主流食物文化的特点是省钱、方便以及。“根据句意，

appearance“外观”意思最为合适。

54、[S7]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：由空格前的冠词和后面的名词可以断定本处需填形容词。空格所在句

句意为“对有机食物需求的增长，在十多年的时间里平均每年超过20%,而这也只

不过是新饮食标准中的一个指标。”根据句意，rapid“迅谏的”意,思最为合适。

55、[S8]

标准答案：c

知识点解析：空格所在句子部分语法结构完整，可以断定本处需填副词作状语。空

格所在句句意为“对有机食物需求的迅速增长，在十多年的时间里平均每年超过

20%,是新饮食标准中的一个指标。”根据句意，确定最佳选项but“只不过，仅

仅

56、[S9]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：短语neither...nor…要求使用平衡结构，neither后为形容词比较级，

nor后面一定也是形容词比较级。空格所在句句意为“有机食品与传统食品相比，既

不便宜也不—，购买也不方便。”根据句意，attractive”有吸引力的“意思最为合

适。

57、[S10]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格所在句句意为“早期消费有机食品的人——被贴上、文化异类’而

不是‘弄潮儿’的标签。"bclikclyto为固定搭配，意思是“可能…”。

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题

分,共70分。）

Inanewcampaignagainstobesity（肥胖）,theBritishgovernmentissuedguidelineson

Mondaysayingthatchildrenundertheageof5—includingthosewhocan'tevenwalk

yet——shouldexerciseeveryday.Initsfirstsuchguidelinesforchildrenthatyoung,the

healthdepartmentsaidkidsunder5whocanwalkshouldbephysicallyactiveforatleast

threehoursaday.Thethreehoursofactivityshouldbespreadthroughouttheday.

Officialssaidthechildren'sdailydoseofexerciseislikelytobemetsimplythrough

playingbutcouldalsoincludeactivitiessuchaswalkingtoschool.Forbabieswhocan't

walkyet,thegovernmentsaidphysicalactivityshouldbeencouragedfrombirth,

includinginfantsplayingontheirstomachsorhavingswimmingsessionswiththeir

parents.Thegovernmentsaidchildren'sindividualphysicalandmentalabilitiesshould

beconsideredwheninterpretingtheadvice."It'svitalthatparentsintroducechildrento

funandphysicallyactiveentertainmenttohelppreventthembecomingobesechildren,

whoarelikelytobecomeobeseadultsatriskofheartdisease,diabetes（糖尿病）andsome

cancers,"MauraGillespie,headofpolicyandadvocacyattheBritishHeartFoundation,

saidinastatement.Accordingtoa2008healthsurveyihatuseddevicestomeasurehow

muchpeopleactuallyexercised,officialsfoundonlyaboutfivepercentofBritonsmeet

thegovernment'sminimumphysicalactivityadvice—about150minutesofmoderateto

vigorousexerciseeveryweek,includingsomeeveryday.Forchildrenaged5to18,

Britainrecommendsatleastonehourofexercise,butthatshouldincludeintensive

activitiestostrengthenmusclesandbones.IntheU.S.,theCentersforDiseaseControl

andPreventionadviseschildrenandteenagerstogetaboutonehourormoreofphysical

activityeveryday.AccordingtotheInstituteofMedicine,anindependentorganizationin

Washington,D.C.,toddlers（初学走路的孩子）shouldgetatleast15minutesofexercise

foreveryhourtheyspendinchildcare.

58、WhatcanwelearnfromtheguidelinesissuedonMonday?

A、Childrenshouldwalktoschoolinordertogetsomeexercise.

B、Childrenareencouragedtoexercisetofightagainstobesity.

C^Itisunnecessaryfbrchildrenwhocan'twalktoexercise.

D、Playingisnotagoodwaytomeettheneedofexercise.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干关键词theguidelinesissuedonMonday定位到第一段：Ina

newcampaignagainstobesity,iheBritishgovernmentissuedguidelinesonMonday

sayingthatchildrenundertheageof5-includingthosewhocan5tevenwalkyet-

shouldexercisecvcrjzday.在一项抗击肥胖的新运动中，英国政府本周一发行指导

方针：五岁以下的孩子——包括甚至还不会走路的孩子——应该每天锻炼。B）项是

原文的同义转述，故为答案。

59、Whatdocsthegovernmentsayaboutbabieswhocan'twalk?

A、Playingonstomachsisagoodwayforbabiestoexercise.

Al1babiesshouldtakeupasmuchexerciseaspossible.

C、Babiesoughttolearntoswimsincebirth.

D、Learningtowalkisnottheexerciseneeded.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干关键诃babieswhocan'twalk定位到笫三段笫一句：For

babieswhocan'twalkyet,thegovernmentsaidphysicalactivityshouldbeencouraged

frombirth,includinginfantsplayingontheirstomach