语法定语从句课件-2026届高三英语一轮复习

定语从句TheAttributiveClause一、定语从句概述Thekindsandpositionsofattribute:Idon’tlikelazystudents.Weloveourcountry.What’syourtelephonenumber?HefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.

一、定语从句概述Thekindsandpositionsofattribute:Idon’tlikelazystudents.Weloveourcountry.What’syourtelephonenumber?HefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.

2.Twokeytermsoftheattributiveclause：先行词：被定语从句修饰限定的对象。关系词：连接主句和从句，重复指代先行词且在从句中充当一定成分的连接词。包括关系代词和关系副词。Theforeignerwho

visitedour先行词

关系词schoolyesterday

isfromCanada.

思考：先行词一定就是词吗？Idon’tknowthegirlwhoisstandingrightoverthere.It’sthrillingtostandonthetopofthemountainwheretheairisfreshandclear.Hesaidthathehadnotime,whichisn’ttrue.

Mygirlfriendlikesdancingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.短语词分句句子3.定语从句的产生Iliketheboyandtheboyhasagoodsenseofhumor.合并：Iliketheboywho/thathasagoodsenseofhumor.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.合并：Ihavereadthenewspaperwhich/thatcarries

theimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.合并：Ishowedhimtheletter(which/that)Ireceivedthismorning.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.合并：Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.Thatisthe

newmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.合并：Thatisthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.4.如何识别定语从句？TheteacherwhoisknownasageniusisMr.Zhao.ThemanwhosedeskmateisageniusisMr.He.主语：who人which物that人/物宾语：who/whom人which物that人/物定语：whose人/物状语：where,when,why二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词主语：who人which物that人/物宾语：who/whom人which物that人/物定语：whose人/物状语：where,when,why对比：名词性从句引导词主语：who(人)what(物)宾语：who/whom(人)what(物)定语：which状语：where,when,why,how不做成分，无意义：that不做成分，有意义：whether/if主语：

人

物

人/物宾语：

人

物

人/物定语：

人/物状语：

对比：名词性从句引导词主语：(人)(物)宾语：(人)(物)定语：

状语：

不做成分，无意义：

不做成分，有意义：

主语：宾语：定语：状语：

对比：名词性从句引导词主语：宾语：定语：

状语：

不做成分，无意义：

不做成分，有意义：

who指代人，做主语、宾语。Angerisathiefwhostealsawaythenicemoments.愤怒就如同一个窃贼，盗取了我们的幸福时光。指代人，做主语。Relativepronounasasubject.Arichpersonisnotonewhohasthemost,butisonewhoneedstheleast.一个富有的人，不是因为他拥有的最多，而是因为他需要的最少。指代人，做主语。Relativepronounasasubject.whom指代人，做宾语。Heisthestudentwhomtheteacherlikestopraiseforhishardwork.他就是那位因为学习用功而老师喜欢表扬的学生。指代人，作宾语。Relativepronounasobjectofverb。I’mtalkingaboutfriendswhomyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.我这里说的朋友，是指那些你几乎可以把一切与之分享的人。指代人，作宾语。Relativepronounasobjectofpreposition。which指代物，做主语、宾语。Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebookwhichtheteachermentionedyesterday.（指代物，做主语）（指代物，作宾语）that指代人、物，做主语、宾语。Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?I’vereadthenewspaperthatcarriestheimportantnews.（指代物，做主语）（指代人，做主语）

whose指代人、物，做定语。Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.Please

pass

me

the

bookwhosecoverisgreen.（指代人，做定语）（指代物，做定语）

2.使用that不用which的情况两：先行词既有人又有物代：先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all等代词时限:先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast以及much,little,few,no等限定词修饰时形：先行词被形容词最高级修饰时数：先行词为数量词特：特殊疑问句有：There/Hereis句型中重：多重定语从句中已经有了which为避免重复表：关系词在从句中作表语序：先行词被序数词修饰填空1.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons____theyrememberedintheschool.2.Everything____canbedonehasbeendone.3.Thisistheverygirl____wearelookingfor.4.It’sthemostinterestingmovie___Ihaveeverseen.5.Mymombroughttwodogshomeyesterday.NowIcanseethetwo____areplayinginthegarden.thatthatthatthatthat6.Whoistheman______standsthere?

7.Thereisabookonthedesk____belongstoJack.8.Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthings____wehaveneverseenbefore.9.Chinaisnotthecountry____itusedtobe.10.Thefirstthing____Iwannadoistogohome.thatthatthatthatthat3.使用which不用that的情况非限制性定语从句中不用that例:Tomcameback,____madeushappy.2.关系代词前有介词不用that例:Thisisthehouseof____thewindowsfacesouth.3.先行词为that,those时引导词用which例:What’sthat____wasputinthecar?4.两个定语从句为避免重复,一个that一个which例:LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary____wasnewlyopentous.whichwhichwhichwhich4.指人时只用who不用that的情况

(1)Those_____wanttogotothecomputerroomwriteyournameshere.(2)One/Anyone_____careslittleaboutothershasfewfriends.(3)He______doesn’treachthegreatwallisnotatrueman.whowhowho5.介词后面的关系代词（1）介词后的关代指人用whom,指物用whichHeisthemanwhom/who/thatItalkedtojustnow.HeisthemantowhomItalkedjustnow.Thisisthephotothat/whichyouaskedfor.Thisisthephotoforwhichyouasked.练一练：1.Ihavenohousein______tolive.2.Ihavenohouse________Icanlivein.3.Doyouknowthemanwith_____Ishookhands.4.Doyouknowtheman_____Ishookhandswith.whichwhichwhomwhom（2）介词加关系代词时介词的选择A.从句谓语动词YesterdayIsawtheteacherfromwhomyouhadborrowedthebook.（borrowsth.fromsb.）B.从句形容词HelentmesomeEnglishnovelswithwhichIamnotfamiliar.

（befamiliarwithsomething）C.先行词Alicerecommendedustheway

inwhichwecanavoidthemistakeeasily.（inthisway）whose+名词=the名词+ofwhich/ofwhich+the名词例:Haveyouseenthemanwhoseeyesareblue?=Haveyouseenthemantheeyesofwhichareblue?(3)介词+不定代词的用法注意：【例】Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_____roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，不可删除补充说明，可删除逗号的使用不用逗号其前有逗号that的使用可用that不可用thatwhich，who做从句宾语时可省略，that也可省略不可省略whom的使用可用who及that替代不可替代是否修饰句子不可以可以三、非限制性定语从句vs限制性定语从句有逗号，无that。有that，无逗号。非限制性定语从句多数情况用which。四、定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。注意：先行词oneof+名词复数，定从复数先行词theonly/theveryoneof+名词复数

定从单数五.定语从句解题思路：“两步走”1.找到从句划括号2.根据成分选连词一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that

5.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows;mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which填空：1.Lookatthatlady

______

nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher

_________

Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures

_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_____willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney______Ihad.whosewhom/thatwhich/thatwhothat6.Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.10.Wecametothetown,______westayedfor2hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere【达标检测】1.Acompany______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why2.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,____usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthemTheend~~~Thankyou!主语：who人which物that人/物宾语：who/whom人which物that人/物定语：whose人/物状语：where,when,why六、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词When修饰谓语动词，做时间状语。1.用when引导的定语从句，先行词必须是表示时间的名词。Mosteducationexpertstodaystresstheimportanceof“life-longlearning”.Theypointoutthateducationneverends.Itisacontinuousprocess.Thedaywhenwestoplearningisthedaywhenwedie.AprilFool’sDayisaspecialdayoftheyearwhenyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone.Children’sfavoritesaretoputsaltinthesugarbowlfordad’smorningcoffeeorputchalkonadeskchairatschoolsotheteachergetsawhitebackside.Butremember,ifyouplayajokeafter12noon,YOUaretheAprilFool!2.先行词表示时间时，不一定都用when引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.Thedaywhichbeganbrightly,endedwithaviolentstorm.3.When可以引导非限制性定语从句Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.Where修饰限定谓语动词，做地点状语。1.用where引导的定语从句，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。Literatureistheplacewherethepastmeetsthepresenttocontemplatethefuture.Thedreamisaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplecouldspeak.注意：对于where不能只理解为地点，当先行词表示某人、物的situation，point或表达某事的某个方面case都可用where.Hedreamedadreamwhereheiswalkingdownthestreetnakedandeveryoneislookingathim.2.先行词表示地点时，不一定都用where引导定语从句ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.ThisisthetownwhichItoldyouaboutbefore.Thelibrarywherestudentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrarywhichwasbuiltin2000,needstoberenovated.Why修饰限定谓语动词，做原因状语。用why引导的定语从句，先行词必须是表示原因的名词，如reason，cause。不同于when和where，why只能引导限制性定语从句。ThisisthereasonwhyIhateyou.2.关系副词等于介词加关系代词时间when=表示时间的介词+which地点where=表地点的介词+which原因why=for+whichIstillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.Canyoutellmetheofficewhere(inwhich)heworks?Doyouknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)heisabsent?3.思考：如何判断使用关系代词还是关系副词方法一、看定语从句中缺少什么成分：缺主语/宾语/定语→用关系代词;

缺状语→用关系副词。先行词与从句中谓语动词的关系：主谓关系→缺主语→关系代词：who，whom，which，that动宾关系→缺宾语→关系代词：who，whom，which，that动状关系→缺状语→关系副词：when,where,why当从句中作主语的名词与先行词是所属关系→缺定语→关系代词：whose

题1中，thesh