考研英语模拟试卷122

考研英语模拟试卷122

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Smoking,whichmaybeapleasurefbrsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortto

theirfellows.(1),medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir(2)abouttheeffectof

smoking(3)thehealthnotonly(4)thosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewho

donot.Infact,nonsmokerswhomust(5)inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmoke

may(6)morethanthesmokersthemselves.Asyouayedoubtless,(7),a

considerablenumberofourstudentshave(8)ineffortto(9)theuniversityto

bansmokingintheclassroom.Ibelievetheyare(10)rightintheiraim.(11)

Iwouldhopethatitis(12)toachievethisby(13)onthesmokerstouse

goodjudgmentandshowconcern(14)othersratherthanregulation.Smokingis

(15)bylawintheaterandinhallsusedfor(16)filmsaswellasin

laboratorieswherethere(17)beafirehazard.Elsewhere,itisuptoyourgood

sense.Iam(18)askingyoutomaintain(19)intheauditoriums,classrooms

andseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenonsmokershealthandwell-being

in(20),whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

1、Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfort

totheirfellows.(1),medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir(2)abouttheeffectof

smoking(3)thehealthnotonly(4)thosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewho

donot.Infact,nonsmokerswhomust(5)inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmoke

may(6)morethanthesmokersthemselves.Asyouayedoubtless,(7),a

considerablenumberofourstudentshave(8)ineffortto(9)theuniversityto

bansmokingintheclassroom.Ibelievetheyare(10)rightintheiraim.(11)

Iwouldhopethatitis(12)toachievethisby(13)onthesmokerstouse

goodjudgmentandshowconcern(14)othersratherthanregulation.Smokingis

(15)bylawintheaterandinhallsusedfor(16)filmsaswellasin

laboratorieswherethere(17)beafirehazard.Elsewhere,itisuptoyourgood

sense.Iam(18)askingyoutomaintain(19)intheauditoriums,classrooms

andseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenonsmokershealthandwell-being

in(20),whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

A、Still

B、More

C^Again

D、Further

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道同义辨析题。此处要填一个副词，still的含义为“然而，

尽管这样”；more的含义为"越来越，更加"；again的含义为”再一次，又一次、

further含义为"此处，而且更进一步地"。根据句意，此处选Further最合适。

2、

A^concern

B、trouble

C、interest

D、displeasure

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。concern的含义为”焦虑、关心"；irouble的

含义为“麻烦"；interest的含义为“兴趣"；displeasure的含义为"不乐意，不愉快”。

根据句意，此处选concern最合适。

3、

A、on

B、in

C、with

D、to

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道介词搭配题。本题是要填入一个与effect相搭配的介词。

当effect表达”（对事物的）效应,结果,影响”时,与之搭配的介词为“on”。因此，

本题的正确答案为。n。

4、

A^to

B、about

C、with

D、of

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道介词搭配题。本题是要填入一个与"heheallh”相搭配的介

词c表示所属相关的介词一般都用"oFc此处,从后而"hutakoofthosewho.，也可

以得出of为正确答案。

5、

A、involuntarily

B、differently

C、directly

D、reluctant

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。involuntarily的含义为"非有意地，不自觉地

"；differently的含义为“不相同地"；directly的含义为“直接地“；reluctant的含义为"

勉强的”。此处要求填入副词，因此正确答案为involunlarily。

6、

A、endure

B>suffer

C^undergo

D、put

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。endure的含义为“忍受，忍耐”；suffer的含

义为”受苦，吃苦头”；undergo的含义为“接受，承受”；put的含义为”使...处于某种

状态”。根据句意；此处选suffer最合适。

7、

A^alert

B、awake

C、aware

D、informed

标准答案：C

知识点解析:本题是一道词义辨析题。alert的含义为”警觉的,机警的"；awake的

含义为“醒着的“；aware的含义为“意识到的"；informed的含义为”被通知剖的”。根

据句意，此处选aware最合适。

8、

A、linked

B、connected

C>associated

D、joined

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道近义词辨析题。link的含义为“联系”，搭配介词为with；

connect含义为"连结"，搭配介词为to和with；associate的含义为"将…联系起来

",搭配介词为wilh；join的含义为“参加”搭配介词为“in”。因此正确答案为

joinedn

9、

A、make

persuade

C、say

D、talk

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。make的含义为“做，使"；persuade的含义为

“劝说"；say的含义为"说、talk的含义为“交谈”。根据此处文意，persuade最合

适。

10、

A、entirely

total

C、just

D^hole

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。enlirely的含义为“完全地”；3al的含义为"

完全的，全部的”just的含义为“正好，恰好"；whole的含义为“整个，的根据文

意，此处要填个副词，因此entirely为正确答案。

11、

A、Then

B>Further

C、However

D^Moreover

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。Ihen的含义为”然后，以后”；furlher的含义

为”进一步地,此外，而且“；however的含义为“然而"；moreover的含义为"再说,

而且”。根据上下文意，此处选Further最合适。

12、

A、likely

B、probable

C、capable

D、possible

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道近义词辨析题。likely的含义为”预期的，可能的”；

probable的含义为”有望发生或实现的”：c叩able的含义为"有能力实现的"；possible

的含义为”能够做到的，可能的，合理的”。根据句意此处选possible最合适。

13、

A、pleading

B、begging

C、suggesting

D、calling

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道介词搭配题。本题要求填一个与“on”相搭配使用的词语。

plead的含义为”再三恳求、请求“与“with”搭配：beg的含义为”乞求，露恳求”与

“for”搭配；suggest的含义为“建议”是及物动词；callon的含义为”恳求或促使某人

（做某事）”。因此，本题正确为calling。

14、

A、with

B、for

C>in

D、on

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道介词搭配题。本题要求填入一个与“concern”相搭配的介

词。concern作名词表示”对…的担心,关切”时，与之搭配的介词用”for，因此,

本题的正确答案为for。

15、

A、prohibited

stopped

C、suppressed

D、prevented

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道近义词辨析题。prohibit的含义为“禁止"；Stop的含义为”

使停止”；suppress的含义为“镇压，平定”；preven【的含义为“防止”。根据文意，此

处选prohibited最合适。

16、

A、playing

B、demonstrating

C、showing

D、exhibiting

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道近义词辨析题。本题是要填入一个与“film”相搭配的动

词。play的含义为“玩，玩耍"；demonstrate的含义为"示范，集会"；show的含义为

“表演"；exhibit的含义为“展览”。根据上下文，此处选showing最合适。

17、

A、will

B、should

C、may

D、must

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道理解题。此处要表达的含义是”在一些可能有火险的地方

禁止吸烟，will的含义是“将“，should的含义为“必要”；may的含义为“可能”；

must的含义为“必须”。因此，根据上下文意，此处选may最合适。

18、

A、then

B、therefore

C、subsequently

D、so

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道词义辨析题。ihen的含义为“然后"；iherefore的含义为“因

此“；subsequently的含义为“后来，随后”；so的含义为“所以，根据上下文，比处

选therefore最合适。

19、

A、Nosmoking

B、Non-smoker

C、Nosmoke

D^Non-smoke

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道理解题。此处根据上下文耍填入“不许吸烟”一词。Non-

smoker的含义为“不吸烟者、A项含义为“不许吸烟二其余两项的用法不对。

20、

A、head

heart

C、mind

D、sense

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道搭配题。本题是要填入适合与havesth./sb.in…搭配的

词。四个选项中，mind可以与之搭配构成"havesb./slh.inmind",含义为"考虑某人

（某事物）

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Myobjectiveistoanalysecertainformsofknowledge,notintermsofrepressionorlaw,

butintermsofpower.Butthewordpowerisapttoleadtomisunderstandingsaboutthe

nature,form,andunityofpower.Bypower,Idonotmeanagroupofinstitutionsand

mechanismsthatensurethesubservienceofthecitizenry.Idonotmean,either,amode

ofsubjugationthat,incontrasttoviolence,hastheformoftherule.Finally,Idonothave

inmindageneralsystemofdominationexertedbyonegroupoveranother,asystem

whoseeffects,throughsuccessivederivations,pervadetheentiresocialbody.The

sovereigntyofthestate,theformoflawortheoverallunityofadominationareonlythe

terminalformspowertakes.Itseemstomethatpowermustbeunderstoodasthe

multiplicityofforcerelationsthatareimmanentinthesocialsphere;astheprocessthat,

throughceaselessstruggleandconfrontation,transforms,strenghtens,orreversesthem;

asthesupportthattheseforcerelationsfindinoneanother,oronthecontrary,the

disjunctionandcontradictionsthatisolatethemfromoneanother;andlastly,asthe

strategiesinwhichtheytakeeffect,whosegeneraldesignorinstitutionalcrystallizationis

embodiedinthestateapparatus,intheformulationofthelaw,inthevarioussocial

hegemonies.Thus,theviewpointthatpermitsonetounderstandtheexerciseofpower,

eveninitsmore“peripheral“effects,andthatalsomakesitpossibletouseits

mechanismsasastructuralframeworkforanalysingthesocialorder,mustnotbesought

inauniquesourceofsovereigntyfromwhichsecondaryanddescendentfor/nsofpower

emanatebutinthemovingsubstrateofforcerelationsthat,byvirtueoftheirinequality,

constantlyengenderlocalandunstablestatesofpower.Ifpowerseemsomnipresent,itis

notbecauseilhastheprivilegeofconsolidatingeverythingunderitsinvincibleunity,but

becauseitisproducedfromonemomenttothenextateverypoint,orratherinevery

relationfromonepointtoanother.Poweriseverywhere,notbecauseitembraces

everything,butbecauseitcomesfromeverywhere.Andifpowerattimesseemstobe

permanent,repetitious,invert,andself-reproducing,itissimplybecausetheoveralleffect

thatemergesfromallthesemobilitiesisaconcatenationthatrestsoneachofthemand

seeksintorntoarresttheirmovement.Oneneedstobenominalistic,nodoubt:poweris

notaninstitution,andnotastructure;neitherisitacertainstrengthweareendowedwith;

itisthenamethatoneattributestoacomplexstrategicsituationinaparticularsociety.

21、Theauthor'sprimarypurposeindefiningpoweristo.

A、counteractself-servingandconfusingusesoftheterm

B、establishacompromiseamongthosewhohavedefinedthetermindifferentways

C>increasecomprehensionofthetermbyprovidingconcreteexamples

D、avoidpossiblemisinterpretationsresultingfromthemorecommonusesoftheterm

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：木题考查对段落大意概括的能力。在第一段第二句中，作者提到

“Power”这个词很容易使人们性质、形成等产生误解。然后作者通过说明不应该理

解成什么，而应该怎样理解等情况，澄清对“Power，的误解。因此，给“Power”下定

义是作者有意为避免人们产生此种误解。

22^Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenlawandpower?

A、Lawistheprotectorofpower.

B、Lawisthesourceofpower.

C、Lawsetsbunstopower.

D、Lawisaproductofpower.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节的理解能力。该题询问法律与权力二者的关系。

本文第•段最后•句作者提到法律形成等是“Power，呈现出的最终形式，也就意味

着法律是“Power”的产物。

23、Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithstatementsthat.

A^powertendstocorrupt;absolutepowercorruptsabsolutely

B、itisfromthepeopleandtheirdeedsthatpowersprings

C、thehighestproofofvirtueistopossessboundlesspowerwithoutabusingit

D^toloveknowledgeistolovepower

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查根据文章内容作推断的能力。文中第三段作者提到绝不能仅

从国家统治权方面及其衍生的辅助权力方面来理解“Power"，而应从动态的社会底

层力量关系方面来理解，也就是说“Power”产生于人民及社会力量关系的斗争中。

故作者最可能同意答案选项的观点。

24Theauthor'sattitudetowardthevariouskindsofcompulsionemployedbysocial

institutionsisbestdescribedas.

A、concernedandsympathetic

B、scientificanddetached

C、suspiciousandcautious

D、reproachfulanddisturbed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对文章作者意图的揣测能力。在整篇文章中，作者以客观的

态度分析了"Power”的性质、形式等，并澄清了对“Power”的误解。在分析的过程

中，作者没有使用责备、怀疑、同情等带有感情色彩的词语。

25、Theword"omnipresent"inPara.3probablymeans.

A、eternal

strategic

C、presenteverywhere

D、sovereign

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查应用上下文辨识超纲词汇的能力。在上文中，文章给出了

"omnipresenl”这个词的同义词"everywhere”。根据这个提示，我们可猜测出该词意

为“无所不在的”。

Bobbyandhismaster,farmerJohnGray,werefamiliarsightsinEdinburgh.Every

Wednesdayafteravisittomarketandexactlyasthetimc-gunboomedoneo'clock,the

twowouldenterTraillsDiningRoomfortheirmiddaymeal,afrugallunchforGray,and

abunforBobby.Thenin1858,theschedulewasinterrupted.FarmerGraydied.Three

daysafterthefuneralexactlyatoneo'clock,Traillfoundhimselflookingintoapairof

beseechingcanineeyes.Bobbygothisbunanddisappeared.Thiswasrepeatedfor

severaldaysuntilTraill'scuriositygotthebetterofhim.Hefollowedthesmallterrieras

heleftandracedtohismaster'sgrave.Thereheremainedeachday,fairorfoul,despite

theeffortsofdog-lovingtownspeopletogivehimanewhome.Thegraveyardcaretaker,

whilesympathetic,wasatfirstnotsowillingtolethimin.ButBobby'sdevotionand

fidelityweresogreatthatthecaretakerprovidedBobbywithashelterclosetothegrave

toprotecthimfrombadweather.Then,afternineyears,Bobbywasarrestedasavagrant

becausehehadnolicense.TherestaurantkeeperappearedincourtwithBobbymilewas

releasedbymercifuljustice.Butjusttomakesurethelawcouldnottouchhim.Lord

ProvostWilliamChamberspaidBobby'sfeeeachyearandpresentedhimwithabrass-

platedcollarinscribed"Greyfriars'BobbyfromTheLordProvost,1876,License."After

that.Greyfriars'Bobbywasallowedtokeephislonelyvigilundisturbed.Henevervaried

hismealtime.Eachdayheleftthegraveyardasthegunroaredoneo'clocktopickuphis

bunandtakeitbacktoeatathismaster'sside.Hemusthavebeenreallyhardyforhe

liveduntil1872,havingkepttohissolitarypostforfourteenlongyears.Hewasburiedin

Greyfriars,ofcourse,inaflowerbednearJohnGray'stombstone.

26、Anappropriatetitleforthepassagecouldbe.

A、Traill'sDiningRoom

B、FarmerJohnGray

C、BobbytheFaithful

D、LordProvostWilliamChambers

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对文章大意的理解。文章主要讲了一条名叫“Bobby”的义犬

的故事，因此宜以BobbytheFaithful为题。

27、Thephrase"familiarsights"inthefirstsentenceisnearestinmeaningto.

A、peoplewhoarefamiliarwiththesurroundings

B、peoplewhoenjoysightseeing

C、peoplewhohaveverygoodeye-sights

D^peopleorobjectsthatareoftenseenaroundbyothers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节的理解。叫amiliarsights”愿意为“熟悉的景象”，

从上下文看显然是指人们”经常能看到的人或物1

28、Thephrase"fairorfoul"inthesecondparagraphisusedtodescribe.

A、thegraveyard

B、theweather

CNBobby

D、Traill

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查艰据上下文作推断的能力。fairorfoul紧接在eachday之

后,作修饰语，表示”不论天气好坏”之意。

29、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedorimpliedaboutBobby?

A、Bobbyhadrefusedtoliveinotherpeople'shome.

Bobbywasdevotedandfaithfultohismaster.

C^Bobbywasoncearrestedbecausehedidsomethingwrong.

D、BobbywasprotectedbyLordProvostWilliamChambersuntilhisdeath.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查艰据上下文做推断的能力。第三段第二句"Bobbywas

arrested...becausehehadnolicense",并非由于它干了什么错事。

30、Fromthepassage,weknowthatBobbywas.

A、JohnGray'ssenant

B、adog

C、avagrant

D、JohnGray'sson

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对文章大意的理解以及作推断的能力。从“master”（第一段第

一句）"canineeyes"（第二段第三句）和"terrier"（第六句）等词，可推断出Bobby是一条

狗。

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossible

tolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,

economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflects

notonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,and

psychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors—orof

peopleverydifferentfromourown—canbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,artexpressesthe

essentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeper

understandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.Inhistorybooks,objective

informationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpolitics

aregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflects

emotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirst

truly"political"artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay,1808,hecriticized

theSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,

symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso'sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.

Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera,JoseClemente

Orozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueiros-aswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartinez-

depictedtheseMexicanartists'deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Inthe

sameway,artcanreflectaculture'sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,

religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.Churchesandotherreligious

buildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Al

thoughmostpeoplecouldn'tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthe

picturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddle

Eastwas（andstillis）itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamic

beliefthatstatuesareunholy.

31、Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistory

becausearthistory.

A^showsusthereligiousbeliefsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvalues.

B、providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepast

C^givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofalimeandaplace

D、alloftheabove

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节的理解。文中谈及艺术是能起到全部选项所描述

的三方面作用，所以应选"anoftheabove”为答案。

32、Artissubjectiveinthat.

A、apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughit

B、itcaneasilyrouseourangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblems

C、itwillfindareadyechoinourhearts

D、bothBandC

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查对文章第二段细节的理解。第二段第二句”Art...is

subjective：itreflectsemotionsandopinions”即说明此点。

33、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、UnlikeFranciscoGoya,PabloPicassoandseveralMexicanartistsexpressedtheir

politicalopinionsintheirpaintings.

B、Historybooksoftenrevealthecompliers,politicalviews.

C^ReligiousartremainedinEuropeforcenturiestheonlytypeofartbecausemost

peopleregardedtheBibleastheHolyBook.

D、IntheMiddleEasteventodayyoucanhardlyfindanyhumanandanimalfigureson

palacesorotherbuildings.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查艰据上下文作推断的能力。第三段的倒数第二句”…。neof

themaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhuman

andanimalimages"即说明答案选项是正确的。

34、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A、thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory

B、themakingofarthistory

C^whatwecanlearnfromart

D、theinfluenceofartistsonarthistory

标准答案：C

知识点解析♦：本题考查对文章大意的理解。文章首句即是本文的主题句，第一段最

后一句与首句相呼应，说明答案选项是文章所要讨论的主要内容。

35、Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat.

A、Islamicartistshavehudlourealearuhilculuialduuuraliunwithimagesufflowersur

geometricforms

B、historyteachersaremoreobjectivethanartists

C^itismoredifficulttostudyarthistorythangeneralhistory

D、peopleandstoriesfromtheBiblewerepaintedonchurchesandotherbuildingin

ordertopopularizetheBible

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查艰据某些细节作判断的能力。文章最后一段提出，伊斯兰教

认为人兽画像皆"unholy”，由此可推论画家只能画花卉或几何图像。

Thefullinfluenceofmechanizationbeganshortlyafter1850,whenavarietyofmachines

camerapidlyintouse.Theintroductionofthesemachinesfrequentlycreatedrebellions

byworkerswhowerefearfulthatthemachineswouldrobthemoftheirwork.Patrick

Bell,inScoffland,andCyrusMcCormick,inUnitedStates,producedthreshing

machines.Ingeniousimprovementsweremadeinplowstocompensatefordifferentsoil

types.Streampowercameintousein1860sonlargefarms.Hayrakes,hay-loaders,and

variousspecialharvestingmachineswereproduced.Milkingmachinesappeared.The

internal-combustionenginerunbygasolinebecamethechiefpowersourceforthefarm.

Intime,thenumberofcertainfarmmachinesthatcameintouseskyrocketedandchanged

thenatureoffanning.Between1940and1960,forexample,12millionhorsesandrriules

gavewayto5milliontractors.Tractorsoffermanyfeaturesthatareattractivetofarmers.

Thereare,forexample,numerousattachments:cultivatorsthatcanpenetratethesoilto

varyingdepths,rotaryhoesthatchopneeds;spraydevicesthatcanspraypesticidesin

bands100feetacross,andmanyothers.Apieceofequipmenthasnowbeeninventedor

adaptedforvirtuallyeverylaborioushandoranimaloperationonthefarm.IntheUnited

States,forexample,cotton,tobacco,hay,andgrainareplanted,treatedfbrpestsand

diseases,fertilized,cultivatedandharvestedbymachine.Largedevicesshakefruitand

nutfromtrees;grainandblendfeed,anddrygrainandhay.Equipmentisnowavailable

toputjusttherightamountoffertilizerinjusttherightplace,tosprayandexactrow

width,andtocountout,space,andplantjusttherightnumberofseedsforarow.

MechanizationisnotusedinagricultureinmanypartsofLatinAmerica,Africa.

Agricultureinnovationisacceptedfastestwhereagricultureisalreadyprofitableand

progressive.Somemechanizationhasreachedthelevelofplantationagricultureinparts

ofthetropics,buteventodaymuchofthatlanduslaboriouslyworkedbypeopleleading

draftanimalspullingprimitiveplows.Theproblemsofmechanizationinsomeareasare

notonlyculturalinnature.Forexamples,tropicalsoilsandcropsdiffermarkedlyfrom

thoseintemperateareasthatthemachinesaredesignedfor,soadaptationshavetobe

made.Butthegreatestobstacletomechanizationisthefearinunderdevelopedcountries

thattheworkerswhoaredisplacedbymachineswouldnotfindworkelsewhere.

Introducingmechanizationintosuchareasrequirescarefulplanning.

36、Thefirstparagraphusesseveralexamplestoconveytheideasthat.

A^theintroductionofmachinesintoagriculturalworkcreatedrebellionsonthepartof

thefanners

theuseofinternal-combustionengineasachiefpowersourceforthefarmproduced

greatinfluence

C、themechanizationofagriculturalworkafter1850graduallyrobbedmanyfarmersof

theirwork

D、ingeniousimprovementsweremadeinfanningmachinesinthe1860stoyield

production

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查归纳文章某一部分大意的能力。答案选项意为：”内燃机

(internal-combustionmachine)作为主要能源在农业上的应用产生的巨大影响"。工业

革命于19世纪60年代开始于英国，其主要推动力和标志是内燃机的发明，表现形

式是逐渐的机械化，农业也不例外。文章第一段指出1850年后不久，机械化的影

响逐渐展开，各种机器迅速投入使用，引起了人们的抵抗，因为他们惧怕会被机器

代替，失去工作(robthemoftheirwork)。下文列举了犁、干草耙、装草机、收割

机、挤奶机等几种重要机械农具的发明，用以说明第一段第一句和最后一句所概括

的内容。最后一句可译为：”以汽油作燃料的内燃机成为农具的主要动力(power

source)"o

37、Fromthesecondparagraph,weknowthat.

A^Americaishighlymechanizedinagriculture

agricultureinnovationisquitepopularinU.S.

C、equipmentisonlyavailableinfertilizingtheplant

D、differentmachinesareinventedtododifferentlaboriousjobs

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查根据某些细节作判断的能力。文章第二段以美国为例，各种

各样的农活都可以由机器来出色地完成，因此我们可推断出美国是一个农业高度机

械化的国家。该段并没有提到农业革新在美国很受欢迎，而是强调在农场上几乎所

有的手工劳动或动物干的活都有相应的机器来完成，因此，其他三项都不对。

38、Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword'Skyrocketed"mostprobably

means.

A、becamevarious

B、wasupdated

C^increasedrapidly

D、remainedthesame

标准答案：C

知识点解析；本题考查运用上下文推断生僻词汇的能力。该词原意为“焰火“、“高

空火箭”，本句是一个比喻，意为：突然升起、猛涨。该句可译为：”不久，使用的

农机具的数量猛增，这改变了农耕的性质”。

39、Inthetropicalareas,.

A、mechanizationisnotyetusedinagriculture

agricultureisacceptedfastest

C^alotoffarmworkisstilldoneintheoldway

D^mechanizationisavoidedtosaveprimitiveforest

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对某些细节的理解能力。意为：”许多农活还是用传统方式

做”。第四段指出，在拉丁美洲、非洲和东方(theOrient)许多人口密集的地区，使

用人力和牲畜耕作比用机器便宜，农业尚未机械化：农业越多产越进步的地方，农

业革新的速度越快。但是，即使在今天，这些地区的大部分土地还要靠牲畜(draft

animals)拉着原始的犁吃力地耕作。

40、Bysayingthattheproblemsofmechanizingsomeareasarenotonlyculturalin

nature,theauthormeans.

A^mechanizationisnotyetintroducedinsomeareasforeconomicreasons

B、humanandanimallabourinsomeareasarelessexpensive

C>cultureisnotafactorinobstaclingtheintroductionofmechanization

D、differentkindsofmechanizedfarmingtoolsareusedindifferentcultures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查对作者意图的揣测能力。意为：”某些地区未实现机械化是

由于经济方面的原因二最后一段指出，在某些地区实行机械化从本质上来看并不

仅是个文化问题，例如：热带土壤的作物与温带(temperateareas)的明显不同，所

以，为温带设计的农具不能用于热带，必须加以改造。但是，实现机械化最大的障

碍是：落后国家的农民害怕被机械代替(displaced),失去谋生手段。后者是经济原

因。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensus(舆论)that,

whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobably

heretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemployment

morewidely.Butwcneedtogofurther.Wcmustasksomefundamentalquestionsabout

thefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenot

ratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenot

createconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforan

employer?(41).Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryin

whichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbe

comingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhaveto

bereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.(42).Universalemployment,asits

historyshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhen

theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidwork

bydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingfor

ihemselves.(43).Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,

peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,many

people'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menand

womenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.

(44).Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmore

flexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.(45).Asemploymentbecame

thedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcludedaproblemnow,

asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactive

lives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsome

effortandresourcesawayfromtheutopian(空想的)goalofcreatingjobsforall,tothe

urgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.A.Nowit

becamecustomary,forthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaid

workofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.B.Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehousehold

andtheneighbourhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentresofproductionand

work?C.Menandwomenareallequalwhenapplyingforajob.D.Onlyinthisway,can

wesolvetheunemploymentproblem.E.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofa

betterfutureofwork.F.Itwasnotonly-womenwhosework*statussuffered.G.Thenthe

factorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.

41、Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A>B、C^D^E、F^G.......)tofitinto

eachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.(10points)Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensus(舆

论)that,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentis

probablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailable

employmentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamental

questionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?

Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforsclf-respcctingpeopletowork?

Should