考博英语模拟试卷180

考博英语模拟试卷180

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Afullofallthereasonsforandagainstclosingtherailwayhasbegun.

A^explosion

B、exploration

C、exploitation

D^explanation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题意为“人们畅所欲言，开始解释支持或反对关闭铁路的理由”。

explanation的意思是“解释，说明”，符合题意。如：Whatisyourexplanationfor

beinglate?（你对你的迟到怎么解释?）其他三项“explosion爆炸；exploration探险；

exploitation剥削，利用”都不正确。

2、Traderelationshipsbetweenthetwocountrieswillimproveiftheirleaders

couldagreeontheproposedquotas.

A、respectable

respective

C、respectful

D、respecting

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题意为“如果两国的领导人能够对所提议的配额达成协议，则两国

之间的贸易关系将会得到改善respeclive的意思是“各自的〕ill：tovisitour

respectivemolhers（各自去看自己的母亲）。其他三项“respectable可敬的；respectful

充满敬意的；respecting关于”都不正确。

3、Lessonswritteninbloodthecolonialpeopletouprising.

A、propelled

B、prompted

C、promoted

D、proceeded

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说促使殖民地的人民起义。piompi的意思是“促使，激

励“；promole的意思是“促进，助长"；propel的意思是“推进，推动"；proceed的意

思是“进行propel和promote后不能跟不定式作宾补，proceed只能作不及物动

词，所以都不能选。因此答案只有B。

4、Althoughstudentsmaybeinaposition,teachersshalltreatthemasequals.

A^subsidiary

B、submarine

C、subordinate

D、subsequent

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题意为“尽管学生处于从属地位，但教师应把学生看做是与他们地

位相等的人subordinate的意思是“从属的"；subsidiary的意思是“辅助的，补充

的“；submarine的意思是“海底的，水卜的“；subsequent的意思是“随后的”<>根据

题意，C项为正确答案。

5、Weshouldwiththedoctor'srequest.

A、consult

B、conceal

C、consent

D、comply

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是说我们应该遵照医生的要求去做。comply后跟with表示“遵

守”，如：Allthecitizensmustcomplywiththelaw.（一切公民都必须遵守法

律。）consull的意思是“商量”；conceal的意思是“隐瞒“；consenl的意思是“同意”。

consent后不能跟widi,应跟to。因此正确答案只有D项。

6、Mosquitoesareonlymeansofofmalaria.

A、transference

B、transformation

CNtransition

D、transmission

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说传播疟疾的方法。transmission的意思是“传播”；

iransference的意思是“转让，职务调动“：iransformalion的意思是“转换”；iransilion

的意思是“过渡”。根据题意应选D项。

7、Helenwass6persistentthatherhusbandatlast.

A、conceded

converged

C、conceived

D、conferred

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说她的丈夫最后让步了。concede的意思是“让步”；

converge的意思是“会聚”；conceive的意思是“怀孕、'；confer的意思是“协商根

据题意应选A项。

8、Hewaseasilyhurlbecausehisfeelingswerevery.

A^sensible

B、sensational

C、sensitive

D、senseless

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他的感觉非常敏感。sensitive的意思是“敏感的，容

易受伤的“；sensible的意思是"明智的"；sensational的意思是"轰动的senseless

的意思是“无知觉的四个选项中只有C项为正确答案。

9、Whatisitthattheauthorwantstotohisreadersthroughthestory?

A^convey

B、convince

C、convert

D、conform

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是说这位作家想通过小说向读者们表达什么?convey的意思是“表

达”，符合题意。如：Ican'tconveymyfeelingsinwords.（我的情感难以言表。）其

他三项“convince使确信；converi转变；conform使符合''不正确。

10、Hecouldn'thiscuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

A、retain

B、restrain

C、restrict

D、represent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是说也无法抑制住好奇心，想要看看盒子里是什么。restrain的

意思是"抑制如：1can'trestrainmyangerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcnielto

animals.（当我听到人们残酷地对待动物时,我抑制不住愤怒。）retain的意思是“保

留”；restricl的意思是“限制"；represen［的意思是“代表"。reslrain后常接表示某种

情绪的词,如:restrainanger/curiosity；而restrict则表示限制在一定的

11、Ihaveomittedmanythingswhichaplaceinthebook.

A、reserved

deserved

C、preserved

D、observed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：B项“deserve值得''符合题意，如Thesepeopledeserveourhelp,（这些

人值得我们帮助。）其他三项“reserve预订；preserve夜护，保存；observe观察，遵

守”都与题意不符。

16、Hewastrainedasadoctorbuttodiplomacy.

A^converted

B、reverted

C、diverted

D、averted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说改行做了外交工作。divert的意思是“转向，转移注意

力”,符合题意。如：Thetruckswereforcedtodiverttoanotherroad.（卡车被迫改道

而行。）其他三项“convert转变，转化；reverl回复；avert消除（灾难、危险）”都不正

确。

17>TheyseizedBelgrade,thoughonlyafterhavingencounteredastubborn.

A、persistence

B、resistance

C^insistence

D、assistance

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：木题空格处是说遭遇顽固的抵抗。resistance的意思是“抵抗”，符合

题意。如：breakdowntheenemy'sresistance（粉碎敌人的抵抗）。其他三项

“persistence坚持，固执；insistence坚持，坚决主张：assisiance援助”都不正确。

18、Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,gottheHouseof

CommonstoEnglanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

A、proclaim

B、reclaim

C、exclaim

D、declaim

标准答案：A

知识点解析:B项的“proclaim宣布，，符合题意，如:Theringingbellsproclaimed

thenewsofthebirthoftheprince.（钟声宣告了王子的诞生。）其他三项“reclaim开

垦：exclaim惊叫,declaim朗读，朗诵”都不正确。

19、Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnology,themen,who

deviseditwereengineersandphysicists.

A、spontaneously

simultaneously

CNinstantaneously

D、homogeneously

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说这人是位工程师，同时又是位物理学家。

simultaneously的意思是"同时”，符合题意。如：Thiseventwasalmostsimultaneous

wilhthaione.（这件事几乎是与那件事同时发生的。）其他三项“spontaneously自发

地，本能地；instantaneously瞬间地；homogeneously相似地”都不正确。

20Thecompany'strainingplanwasdesignedtohelptheemployeestoimprovetheir

workhabitsand.

A、proficiency

B、sufficiency

C、insufficiency

D、efficiency

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说改进他们的工作习惯和效率。efficiency的意思是“效

率“；proficiency的意思是“精通，熟练“；sufficiency的意思是“足够”；

insufficiency的意思是“不足四个选项中只有D项符合题意。

21、Thistypeofchair,easilyorfoldedaway,isidealfbruseinthegarden.

A、putout

putin

C、putup

D、putforth

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说容易打开或折叠起来。putup的意思是“打开，撑

开“，符合题意。如：toputupatent（架起帐篷）。其他三项“putout生产，出版；put

in敢进，使伸进；putforth发表，颁布，提出（理论等）”都不正确。

22、Certainlymanmustthefuture,andfindwaysofprovidingforhisuse.

A、lookto

B、lookup

C、lookfor

D^lookon

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题A项”ookto指望''符合题意。其他三项“lookup查找（词语）；

lookfor寻找；lookon旁观，看待”都不正确。

23、Oncethepriceofthelandhasbeen,wecangoaheadtobuildthehouse.

A、agreedon

B、agreedto

C>agreedat

D、agreedwith

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题A项“agreeon商定”符合题意。其他三项中，agreeto的意思是

“同意（计划、建议等）“；agreewilh的意思是“同意（某人的看法或意见广；agree-

般不与at搭配。因此正确答案只有A项。

24、Togetmytraveler'schequesIhadtosuchaspecialchequetothebankfbr

thetotalamount.

A^makefor

B、makeout

C、makeup

D、makeover

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题B项“makeout书写，填写，开列”符合题意。其他三项“makefbr

走向；makeup弥补，化妆，构成；makeover把（财产）移交”都不正确。

25、Ithoughtthemeetingwasgoingtobeawful,butitdidiVttoobadly.

A、turnup

B、turnout

C、turnapart

D、turndown

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说结果会议不太糟糕。Lumoul的意思是“结果是，证明

是"；turnup的意思是“出现，露面"；turndown的意思是“调低，调小（音量）”：

tum一般不与apart搭配。四个选项中只有B项正确。

26、Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimtothe

investmentplanwithinaweek.

A^workout

B、makeout

C、putout

D^setout

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说制订出投资计划。A项“work。戊制订”符合题意,其

他三项“makeout辨认出，懂得；putout生产，出版，熄灭：setout开始，阐述”都

不正确。

27、Don'trestonyourlaurels;yoursuccessandstartlookingfbrnewmarkets

now.

A、addup

B、followup

C、workup

D、countup

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说巩固你的成功。followup的意思是“用继续行动来加

强...的效果”，符合题意。如：followupherinterviewwithatelephonecall（用电话

进一步完成面试）。其他三项“addup加起来，合计；workup综合加工，整理；

countup共计”都不正确。

28、Somedisputesamongthesecountriesarebyhistory.

A^leftover

B、turnedover

C、handedover

D、takenover

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说历史遗留的问题。leaveover的意思是“遗留”；lurn

over的意思是“移交,交给“；handover的意思是“移交，交出"，takeover的意思是

“接管四个选项中只有A项为正确答案。

29Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose,Jimhadnotcompletedallofthe

projectshehadhopedtofinish.

A、onhand

B>byhand

C、athand

D、inhand

标准答案：c

知识点。析：本题是说尽管这个学期快要结束了，但是他尚未完成他希望完成的所

有计划。athand的意思是“即将到来”，符合题意。其他三项“onhand现有在手头

上；byhand用手；inhand掌握住，控制住”都不正确。

30、Hedidn'tdosowellintheracehistraining.

A、forall

B、alcoveall

C、inall

D、afterall

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是说尽管他受过训练，但在比赛中表现得并不出色。forall的意

思是“尽管”，符合题意。其他三项“above合首先；inall总共；afterall毕竟”都不

正确。

二、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestion

seemsobvious.Ifananimalregularlystopsitsactivitiesandstaysquietandunmoving

—ifitlooksasthoughitissleeping------thenwhynotsimplyassumethatitisinfact

sleeping?Buthowcanobserversbesurethatananimalissleeping?Theycanwatchthe

animalandnoticewhetheritseyesareopenorclosed,whetheritisactiveorlying

quietly,andwhetheritrespondstolightorsound.Thesefactorsareimportantclues,but

theyoftenarenotenough.Horsesandcows,forexample,rarelyclosetheireyes,andfish

andsnakescannotclosethem.Yetthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheydonotsleep.

Haveyoueverseenacatdozingwithaneyepartlyopen?Evenhumanshave

occasionallybeenobservedtosleepwithoneorbotheyespartiallyopen.Animalsdonot

necessarilyliedowntosleepeither.Elephants,forexample,oftensleepstandingup,with

theirtusksrestingintheforkofatree.Finally,while"sleeping"animalsoftenseem

unawareofchangesinthesoundsandlightandotherstimuliaroundthem,thatdoesnot

reallyprovetheyaresleepingeither.Observationsofanimalbehavioralonecannotfully

answerthequestionofwhetherornotanimalssleep.Theanswerscomefromdoing

experimentsinsleeplaboratories,usingamachinecalledtheelectroencephalograph

(EEC).Themachineisconnectedtoanimalsandmeasurestheirbrainsignals,breathing,

heartbeat,andmuscleactivity.Themeasurementsaredifferentwhentheanimalsappear

tobesleepingthanwhentheyappeartobeawake.UsingtheEEC,scientistshave

confirmedthatallbirdsandmammalsstudiedinlaboratoriesdosleep.Thereissome

evidencethatreptiles,suchassnakesandturtles,donottrulysleep,althoughtheydo

haveperiodsofresteachday,inwhichtheyarequietandunmoving.Theyalsohave

discoveredthatsomeanimals,likechimpanzees,cats,andmoles(wholiveunderground),

aregoodsleeperswhileothers,likesheep,goats,anddonkeys,arepoorsleepers.

Interestingly,thegoodsleepersarenearlyallhunterswithrestingplacesthataresafe

fromtheirenemies.Nearlyallthepoorsleepersarcanimalshuntedbyotheranimals:

theymustalwaysbewatchingforenemies,evenwhentheyareresting.

31、Accordingtotheauthor,allanimals

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第一段的首句“Allanimalsmustrest”。据此可知A项

为正确答案。

32、Thestatement"Horsesandcows,forexample,rarelyclosetheireyes"aimstoshow

that.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题可参照第二段，即马和牛很少闭上眼睛，但这并不能说明它们不

睡觉。事实上它们睡觉的时候眼睹经常是睁开的。据此可知D项为正确答案。

33、Howcanresearchersin"sleeplaboratories"tellthattheanimalstheyareobserving

areasleepornot?

标准答案：B

知识点解析:本题可参照第三段的“Theanswerscomefrom...thanwhentheyappear

tobeawake.”从中可知，研究人员用一种叫做EEC的机器测量脑信号、呼吸、心跳

和肌肉活动，以判断它们是否在睡觉，因为动物睡觉时和醒着时°,测量结果是不一

样的。因此B项是正确答案。

34、Accordingtotheresearchfindingsmentionedinthepassage,reptiles.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第.三段中的“donottrulysleep”。

35、Animalsthataregoodsleepers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第三段中的“Interestingly,thegood...fromtheir

enemies”，从中可知，能睡觉的动物都是有安全休息地点的捕食者，所以D项正

确。

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsortieofthisinterpretative

literature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,but

thethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnards（内在部分）arediscouragingtoanybutthe

purescientificmind.InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohad

developedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.Hehad

becometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowing

bubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoa

convenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobe

beautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsome

sortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humoris

alittlelikethat:itwon'tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon'tstandmuchpoking.Ithasa

certainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacomplete

mystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecomingmysterious

anduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthe

throesofasneezingfit.Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyare

reallyverysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitis

badlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinof

melancholyrunningthrougheveryone'slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensible

ofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenon

trouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwilland

endurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.You

findthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollen

drainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboot（orasJoshBillingswittily

calledthem,"tireboots"）.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnot

quiteafictionnotquiteafacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmas

flowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsorts,

withhisupmomentsandhisdownmoments,andyoucertainlydon'thavetobea

humoristtotastethesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfineline

betweenlaughingandcrying,andifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothe

pointwherehisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverinto

theoppositerealm,itisbecausehumor,likepoetry,hasanextracontent.Itplayscloseto

thebighotfire,whichisTruth,andsometimesthereaderfeelstheheat.

36、Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorwantstosaythat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:本题可参照第一段的“Humorcanbedissected...diesintheprocess（人们

能够像解剖青蛙那样剖析幽默，不过一经剖析，幽默则荡然无存户。据此可知B项

为正确答案。

37、Theauthorusestheexampleofthesoapbubbleblowertoshowthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第二段的“Humorisalittlelikethat...itisacomplete

mystery.(幽默经受不住夸张，也经受不住过于直截了当广。据此可知B是正确答

案。

38、Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题可参照第三段。幽默家对悲伤更敏感，主动积极地去弥补它。幽

默家从困境中得到滋养，高高兴兴地忍受痛苦，用幽默的语言将痛苦表达出来，所

以C项比A项恰当。B不正确，作者认为每个人的人生都有忧郁与悲伤。D不正

确，作者认为说幽默家是小丑是不恰当的。

39、Ahumorouspieceofwritingcanmakethereader'semotionalresponses

untrustworthybecause.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第三段的最后一句话“Beneaththesparkingsurface...

humanwoe”。据此可知A项为正确答案。

40Thepassage'ssuccessliesinitsextensiveuseof.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综观全文，作者多次使用暗喻的修辞手法，使文章生动、含蓄而耐人

寻味，激发人的思考。parallelism的意思是“排比”；melaphor的意思是“暗喻”；

metonymy的意思是“转喻"；simile的意思是“明喻”，只看B为正确答案。

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassome

notionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.The

meaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningand

objectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefined

asclassifiedknowledge(facts).Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfiction

isnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetween

beliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetween

temporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptsto

explainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperiment

andobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanation

shouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythe

discoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfied

withrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemust

solvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsof

interestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.Actually,twobasicapproacheslead

tothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoas

purescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,

improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthis

caseknowledgeispultoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasapplied

science.Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinking

onlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformany

ofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresult

inapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.The

discoveriesofonehitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Some

discoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsagoghowever,

oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethe

discoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenot

apologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfrom

experiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

41、Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第一段最后一句话“Justtomaketheexplanationas

simpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge（facts）.“从中可知

D项为正确答案。

42、Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是最后一段中的”...Iheconstructionofthemicroscope...

ofthecell”和“theyknowfromexperience...eventuallyapplied.”从中可知，科学领先于

应用科学，科学知识最终会被应用。因此B项为正确答案。

43、Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwould

probablycallhisapproach__.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第四段中的“…aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferred

toaspurescience.（旨在满足求知欲的科学方法叫做纯科学）因此,增加我们在

氧气方面的知识属纯科学的范畴。正确答案为C。

44、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是最后一段中的“Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheir

lives...ignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（意思是纯科学研究的科学家不用

为忽视他们研究的应用方面道歉）据此可知A项为正确答案。

45、Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综观全文，前三段着重讲科学的本质，最后一段着重讲科学家的本

质。因此A项为正确答案。

InmostAmericancities,therentforaone-bedroomapartmentwas$250ormoreper

monthinrecentyears.InsomesmallercitiessuchasLouisville,Kentuckyor

Jacksonville,Floridatherentwasless,butinlargercitiesitwasmore.Forexample,if

youlivedinLosAngeles,youhadtopay$400ormoretorentaone-bedroomapartment,

andthesameapartmentrentedfor$625andupinChicago.Themostexpensiverentsin

theU.S.wereinNewYorkCity,whereyouhadtopayatleast$700amonthtorenta

one-bedroomapartmentinmostpartsofthecity.Rentersandcityplannersareworried

aboutthehighcostofrentingapartments.Manycitiesnowhaverentcontrollawstokeep

thecostofrentinglow.Theselawshelplow-incomefamilieswhocannotpayhighrents.

RentcontrolsintheUnitedStatesbeganin1943whenthegovernmentimposedrent

controlsonallAmericancitiestohelpworkersandthefamiliesofsoldiersduringWorld

WarII.Afterthewar,onlyonecity-NewYork—continuedtheseWorldWarD

controls.Recently,moreandmorecitieshavereturnedtorentcontrols.Atthebeginning

ofthe1980s,nearlyonefifthofthepeopleintheUnitedStateslivedincitieswithrent­

controllaws.Manycitieshaverent-controllaws,butwhyarcrentssohigh?Buildersand

landlordsblamerentcontrolsforthehighrents.Rentsarehighbecausetherearenot

enoughapartmentstorent,andtheyblamerentcontrolsfbrtheshortageofapartments.

Builderswantmoremoneytobuildmoreapartmentbuildings,andlandlordswantmore

moneytorepairtheiroldapartmentbuildings.Buttheycannotincreaserentstogetthis

moneybecauseoftherent-controllaws.Asaresult,landlordsarenotrepairingtheirold

apartments,andbuildersarenotbuildingnewapartmentbuildingstoreplacetheold

apartmentbuildings.Buildersarebuildingapartmentsforhigh-incomefamilies,notlow

incomefamilies,solow-incomcfamiliesmustliveinoldapartmentsthatarcindisrepair.

Buildersandlandlordsclaimthatrent-controllawsreallyhurtlowincomefamilies.Many

rentersdisagreewiththem.Theysaythatrentcontrolisnottheproblem.Evenwithout

rentcontrols,buildersandlandlordswillcontinuetoignorelow-incomehousingbecause

theycanmakemoremoneyfromhigh-incomehousing.Theonlyanswer,theyclaim,is

morerentcontrolsandgovernmenthelpforlow-incomehousing.

46、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综观全文，本文着重讲租金控制(rentcontrols)。文中虽然两次提到租

金控制法(rent-controllaw),但租金控制法可以看做是租金控制的组成部分，是为

租金控制服务的，因此B项为正确答案。

47、TheaimoftheU.S.governmentinimposingrentcontrolsonAmericancitiesin

1943wastohelp.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第.三段的第一句话“RentcontrolsintheUnitedStates

began...helpworkersandthefamiliesofsoldiersduringWorldWarII据此可知A项

为正确答案。

48、Thispassageimpliesthatthehighcostofrentingapartmentsisworriedby.

标准答案：D

知识点解析♦：本题可参照第二段。从中可知，前三个选项中的对象均担心房屋租金

过高，因此D项为正确答案。

49、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatrentcontrols.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第四段第一句话“Manycitieshaverent-controllaws,

butwhyarerentssohigh?”从中可知，租金控制法仍然没有使租金降下来，因此A

项正确。

50、Fromthepassagewelearnthatmanyrentersdisagreewith.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可参照第四段最后一句和第五段，从中可知很多租房者都不同意

建房者和房主的观点，因此B项正确。

三、完形填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

ManycountrieswillnotallowcigaretteadvertisingintheirnewspapersoronTV

especiallysincetheadvertisementsareusuallywrittenwithyoung,peopleinmind.In

[51]ofadvertising,thetobaccocompanieshavebeguntosponsorsportsevents.They

givemoneytofootball,motorracing,tennisanda[52]ofothersportsoncondition

[53]thenameofthecigaretteismentioned.Thisisnowcausingconcern,becauseit

doesexactly[54]manyadstriedtodo—suggestthat[55]hassomerelationwith

beingstrongandathletic.Inallthis,thepointofviewofthenon-smokinghastobe

considered,as[56]:"Iwishthesmokerswouldstop[57]theair.IwishIcouldcatin

arestaurant[58]havingtosmellcigarettesmoke."Ithasbeencalculatedthat,inaroom

[59]alargenumberofpeoplearesmoking,a[60]willbreatheintheequivalentof

twoorthreecigarettesduringanevening.Infact,non-smokersarenowamajorityin

manywesterncountries.Moreandmorepeoplearegiving[61]thehabit,discouraged

byhighprices,influencedbyanti-smokingadvertising-orjustawarethatsmokingisno

[62]reallyapolitethingtodo.Faced[63]lowersales,thewesterntobacco

companieshavebeguntolookformarketsoutsidetheirowncountries.Theyhavebegun

[64]campaignstopersuadeyoungpeopleindevelopingcountries[65]smoking

AmericanorBritishorFrenchcigarettesisasophisticatedwesternhabit,[66]they

shouldcopy.Asa[67]moreandmoreyoungpeoplearespendingthelittlemoneythey

have[68]aproductwhichtheWestrecognizesas[69]andnolongerwants.Thehigh

numberofyoungsmokersinIndia,inSouthAmericaandinSouth-EastAsiawillbe

[70]oftomorrow'sproblems.

51、

标准答案：terms

知识点解析：木题空格处是说在广告方面，烟草公司开始赞助体育比赛。interms

of意为“按照，在……方面

52、

标准答案：

知识点解析：本题空格处是说烟草公司向很多体育活动提供资金。alotof意为“许

多”。

53、

标准答案：that

知识点解析：本题空格处是说以在这些体育活动上做烟草公司的香烟广告为条件。

onconditionthat意为”只要；以...为条件

54、

标准答案:what

知识点解析：本题空格处是说因为它的确做了许多广告努力去做的事，what弓导

的是宾语从句。

55、

标准答案:smoking/tobacco

知识点解析：本题空格处是说吸烟与身体强壮联系在一起。因此应填smoking或

tobaccoo

56、

标准答案：follows

知识点解析：本题空格处是说应该考虑非吸烟者的观点，这些观点如下。as

follows意为"如下

57、

标准答案：polluting

知识点解析：本题空格处是说我希望吸烟者会停止污染空气。pollute意为“污染”。

58、

标准答案：without

知识点解析：本题空格处是说我希望在餐厅用餐时闻不到烟味。without意为“没

有，不

59、

标准答案：where

知识点解析：本题空格处是说在一个有很多人吸烟的房间里。where意为“什么地

方”。

60、

标准答案：non-smoker

知识点解析：本题空格处是说在一个有很多人吸烟的房间里，非吸烟者一晚上相当

于吸了两三支烟，

61、

标准答案：up

知识点解析：本题空格处是说越来越多的人在戒烟。Give叩意为“戒绝

62、

标准答案：longer

知识点解析：本题空格处是说人们认识到吸烟不再是一件礼貌的行为。nolonger

意为“不再

63、

标准答案：with

知识点解析：本题空格处是说面对销售额的下降。facedwith意为“面对；面临”。

64、

标准答案：launching

知识点解析：本题空格处是说西方的烟草公司开始向发展中国家的年轻人发起了攻

势。launch意为“发起；使开始从事”。

65、

标准答案：that

知识点解析：本题空格处是说吸烟是西方国家悠久的习惯。that在这里引导的是宾

语从句。

66>

标准答案：which

知识点解析：本题空格处是说年轻人应模仿这个习惯。which引导的是非限制性定

语从句。

67、

标准答案：result

知识点解析：本题空格处是说结果越来越多的年轻人把钱花在购买香烟上。asa

result意为"结果”。

68、

标准答案：on/buying

知识点解析：本题空格处是说结果越来越多的年轻人把钱花在购买香烟上。spend

意为“花（钱），花费（+on）”。

69、

标准答案：harmful

知识点解析：本题空格处是说西方国家认为香烟有害并且不再购买。harmful意为

“有害的”。

70、

标准答案：one

知识点解析：本题空格处是说年轻吸烟者的数量增多将是印度等国家未来众多的问

题之一。因此应填。ne。

四、汉译英（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共1分。）

71、你可能在花费过多的时间竭力去赢得他人的赞许，也可能因别人的非议而费

心劳神。如果别人的赞许已成为你生活中的一种需要，那么，你就不能听之任之

了。首先，你应该认识到：寻求赞许与其说是生活之必需，不如说是一种欲望。我

们都愿意博得掌声、听到赞扬或受到称颂。精神上受到抚慰的感觉是美妙的。谁愿

意放弃这种享受呢?是的，确实也没有必要放弃。赞许本身无损于你的精神健康；

事实上，受到恭维是令人十分惬意的事。寻求赞许的心理只有在成为一种需要，而

不仅仅是愿望时，才成为一个误区。

标准答案：Youmaybespendingtoomuchtimetryingtogainothers'praiseandmay

bebotheredbyothers'reproach.Ifothers'praiseshavebecomeanecessityinyourlife,

thenyoumustnotletitbe.First,youshouldbeawarethatseekingpraisesismorea

desirethanamustinyourlife.Everyoneofusiswillingtobeapplauded,praisedor

commended.Itisagoodfeelingtohementallyconsoled.Whokwillingtogiveupsuch

anenjoyment?Yes,thereisnoneedtogiveitup.Praiseitselfdoesnoharmtoyour

mentalhealth.Infact,beingcomplimentedissomethingagreeable.Onlywhenseeking

praisesbecomesaneedaswellasawishwillitbeamistakenidea.

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、英译汉（本题共3题，每题L0分，共3分。）

71.Themainimpressiongrowingoutoftwelveyearsonthefacultyofamedicalschool

isthattheNo.1healthproblemintheU.S.today,evenmorethanAIDSorcancer,isthat

Americansdon'tknowhowtoihinkaboulhealthandilness.Ourreactionsareformedon

（heterrorlevel72.Wefrar【heworst,expecl〔heworst,ihusinvite【heworsland（he

resultisthalweaiebecominganationofweaklingsandhypochondriacs,aself­

medicatingsocietyincapableofdistinguishingbetweencasual,everydaysymptomsand

those[hatrequireprofessionalattention.Somewhereinourearlyeducationwebecome

addictedtothenotionthatpainmeanssickness.Wcfailtolearnthatpainisthebody's

wayofinformingthemindthatwcarcdoingsomethingwrong,notnecessarilythat

somethingiswrong.Wedon'tunderstandthatpain