2026年GRE语文Verbal真题及答案

2026年GRE语文Verbal真题Section11.BecausetheCEO’spreviousventureshadallendedinbankruptcy,theboardofdirectorsviewedhislatestproposalforexpansionwith______.(A)approbation(B)skepticism(C)indifference(D)consternation(E)nostalgia2.Theauthor’smemoirisnotablenotforits______revelationsofcelebritygossip,butratherforitsprofoundandmovingexplorationofgrief.(A)scandalous(B)mundane(C)edifying(D)superficial(E)arcane3.Whileearlycriticsofthenoveldismisseditsstructureas______,laterscholarshavecometoappreciatetheintricatearchitectureofitsinterwovennarratives.(A)chaotic(B)formulaic(C)derivative(D)seminal(E)disjointed4.Thepolitician’sspeechwasdeliberately_______,filledwithplatitudesandvaguepromisesdesignedtoappealtothewidestpossibledemographicwithoutalienatinganyone.(A)pithy(B)bombastic(C)anodyne(D)polemical(E)didactic5.Despitetheapparent______ofthetask,theteamencounteredunforeseencomplexitiesthatdelayedtheprojectformonths.(A)triviality(B)magnitude(C)urgency(D)lucidity(E)efficacy6.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceandproduceacoherentsentence.Byrefusingtoreleasethefulldataset,theresearchersinvitedspeculationthattheirfindingswerenotsupportedbytheevidenceandweremerely______.(A)anecdotal(B)empirical(C)conjectural(D)rigorous(E)hypothetical(F)verifiable7.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceandproduceacoherentsentence.Theambassador’sdiplomaticskillsweretestedbythe______natureofthenegotiations,whichshiftedabruptlyfromconciliatorytohostile.(A)mercurial(B)consistent(C)benign(D)capricious(E)lethargic(F)staticQuestions8to11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"deeptime,"popularizedbygeologistJamesHuttoninthelateeighteenthcentury,fundamentallyalteredWesternhumanity'sperceptionofitsplaceintheuniverse.PriortoHutton,naturalhistorywaslargelyconstrainedbythechronologyoftheBible,whichsuggestedarelativelyrecentoriginfortheEarth—approximatelysixthousandyears.This"youngEarth"frameworkimpliedastaticandunchanginggeologicalhistory,largelyshapedbycatastrophiceventslikethebiblicalflood.However,Hutton’sobservationsofrockformationsatSiccarPointinScotlanddemonstratedthattheEarth’scrustwastheproductofslow,incrementalprocessesoperatingoverinconceivablylongperiods.Hearguedthatfeaturessuchasangularunconformities—wherelayersofsedimentaryrockaretiltedanderodedbeforenewlayersaredepositedhorizontallyabovethem—couldonlybeexplainedbyvastcyclesofdeposition,uplift,anderosion.Thisrealizationnotonlylaidthegroundworkformoderngeologybutalsoposedaprofoundphilosophicalchallenge.IftheEarthwasmillionsofyearsold,humanhistoryoccupiedbutafractionofafractionofthistimeline.Consequently,thesignificanceofhumanendeavorsinthecosmicscalewasdiminished,necessitatingareevaluationofhumanity'srelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Theshiftfromateleologicalviewofnature,wheretheEarthwasdesignedforhumanuse,toamechanisticone,wherehumansweremerelyrecentinhabitants,wasaradicalintellectualrupturethatpavedthewayforDarwinianevolution.8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)refutethevalidityofthebiblicalchronologyoftheEarth(B)explainthescientificobservationsthatledtothetheoryofevolution(C)discusstheimplicationsoftheconceptof"deeptime"onscienceandphilosophy(D)comparethegeologicaltheoriesofJamesHuttonandhiscontemporaries(E)provideadetailedanalysisoftherockformationsatSiccarPoint9.Theauthormentions"angularunconformities"(line12)primarilyinorderto(A)provideevidencethattheEarth’shistoryischaracterizedbycatastrophicevents(B)illustratethekindofgeologicalfeaturethatrequiresimmensetimespanstoform(C)challengetheideathatsedimentaryrockisalwaysdepositedhorizontally(D)demonstratethedifficultyofaccuratelydatingtheEarth’scrust(E)arguethatHutton’stheorieswerebasedonlimitedlocalobservations10.Accordingtothepassage,Hutton’stheoryof"deeptime"contributedtothedevelopmentofDarwinianevolutionby(A)provingthatspecieschangegraduallyinresponsetoenvironmentalshifts(B)establishingatimelinevastenoughtoallowfortheslowprocessofnaturalselection(C)showingthatthefossilrecordisincompleteanddifficulttointerpret(D)revealingthegeneticsimilaritiesbetweenhumansandotherprimates(E)shiftingthescientificfocusfrombiologytogeology11.Thepassagesuggeststhatpriortothelateeighteenthcentury,theWesternviewofthenaturalworldwas(A)purelymechanisticanddevoidofreligiousinfluence(B)focusedonthegradualaccumulationofgeologicalchanges(C)centeredonthebeliefthattheEarthwasprimarilydesignedforhumanhabitation(D)skepticaloftheexistenceofaglobalflood(E)largelyunconcernedwiththeageoftheEarthQuestions12to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofdigitalartconservation,auniquesetofchallengeshasemergedthattraditionalconservators,accustomedtocanvasandmarble,neverhadtoface.Theissueoftechnologicalobsolescenceisparamount;adigitalartworkcreatedinthe1990smightrelyonhardwareandsoftwarethatarenolongermanufacturedorsupported.Whenthemediumitselfispartofthemessage—asisoftenthecaseininteractiveinstallations—thedecayofthetechnologycanleadtothetotallossofthework.Thishasledtoadebatewithintheconservationcommunityregardingthephilosophyof"variablemedia."Someargueforstrictpreservationoftheoriginalcodeandhardware,eveniftheworkbecomesinaccessibletothepublic.Othersadvocatefor"migration,"astrategywheretheartworkistransferredtonewer,currentformatstoensureitscontinueddisplay.However,migrationisfraughtwithrisk.Subtlechangesincolorrendering,processingspeed,orinterfacelatencycanaltertheviewer'sexperience,potentiallyviolatingtheartist'soriginalintent.Furthermore,theeasewithwhichdigitalfilescanbereplicatedcomplicatesthequestionofauthenticity.Inamediumwherethe"original"ismerelyastringofbinarydata,doesacopyheldonaserverinTokyoholdthesameculturalvalueasthemasterfile?Thesequestionsrequireanewethicalframework,onethatbalancestheneedforpublicaccesswiththeimperativetopreservetheintegrityoftheartist'svisioninanenvironmentwherethephysicalsubstrateisinherentlyunstable.12.Thepassageaddresseswhichofthefollowingproblemsregardingdigitalart?(A)Thehighcostofpurchasingthenecessaryhardwaretodisplaymoderninstallations.(B)Thetendencyofdigitalartiststofrequentlyupdatetheirwork,makingithardtodefinea"finalversion".(C)Theconflictbetweenpreservingtheoriginaltechnologyandensuringtheworkremainsviewable.(D)Thelackofinterestfrommuseumsincollectingdigitalworkscomparedtotraditionalart.(E)Thedifficultyincopyrightingdigitalworksduetotheireaseofreplication.13.Theword"migration"inthepassagerefersto(A)thephysicaltransferofdigitalartfilestoadifferentgeographiclocation(B)theprocessofsellingdigitalartworktoprivatecollectors(C)updatingtheunderlyingtechnologyofanartworktoensureitfunctionsonmodernsystems(D)thetendencyofartiststomovefromtraditionalmediatodigitaltools(E)theunauthorizedcopyingofsoftwarecodeforcommercialgain14.Theauthorsuggeststhatthestrategyofmigrationcarriestheriskof(A)makingtheartworktooaccessibletothegeneralpublic,therebyreducingitsexclusivity(B)inadvertentlychangingtheaestheticexperienceoftheartwork(C)violatingcopyrightlawsduetothemanipulationofproprietarycode(D)causingtheoriginalhardwaretodegradefasterduetolackofuse(E)creatingfinancialburdensformuseumsthatmustpurchasefrequentupgrades15.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalsentenceinthepassage?(A)Tosummarizetheargumentspresentedinthepreviousparagraphs.(B)Toproposeadefinitivesolutiontotheproblemofdigitalobsolescence.(C)Tohighlighttheneedforanewapproachtoconservationethics.(D)Tocriticizemuseumsfortheircurrenthandlingofdigitalcollections.(E)Topredictthefuturedominanceofdigitalartovertraditionalforms.Section216.Thelaboratoryresultswere______:whiletheyconfirmedthepresenceofthechemical,theydidnotexplainitssuddenappearanceinthegroundwater.(A)definitive(B)inconclusive(C)ominous(D)paradoxical(E)egregious17.Farfrombeinga______innovation,thenewdevicewasmerelyarehashofexistingtechnologies,offeringnosignificantimprovementoveritspredecessors.(A)seminal(B)redundant(C)trivial(D)lucrative(E)pragmatic18.Thecriticnotedthattheplaywright’sdialoguewasoften_______,sacrificingnaturalflowforthesakeofdeliveringheavy-handedpoliticalmessages.(A)mellifluous(B)stilted(C)laconic(D)spontaneous(E)colloquial19.Thesenator’sattemptto______thescandalbyblamingthemediabackfiredwhennewevidencewasuncoveredprovinghiscomplicity.(A)exacerbate(B)mitigate(C)ignore(D)validate(E)substantiate20.Whilethefirsthalfofthesymphonywaslyricalandsubdued,thesecondhalfwasmarkedby______rhythmsandasoaringvolume.(A)syncopated(B)languid(C)monotonous(D)cacophonous(E)harmonious21.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceandproduceacoherentsentence.Thenovel’sportrayalofVictoriansocietyis______,capturingtherigidsocialhierarchiesandthestiflingmoralcodesoftheerawithunsparingaccuracy.(A)anachronistic(B)nuanced(C)superficial(D)evocative(E)implausible(F)antiquated22.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceandproduceacoherentsentence.Despitetheharshconditionsofthedesert,theflorafoundthereisremarkably_______,havingevolvedspecializedmechanismstoretainwater.(A)fragile(B)resilient(C)sparse(D)hardy(E)lush(F)dormantQuestions23to26arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheeconomictheoriesofJohnMaynardKeynesgainedprominenceduringtheGreatDepression,atimewhenclassicaleconomictheories—whichpositedthatmarketswouldnaturallyself-correctviapriceandwageadjustments—failedtoexplainthepersistenthighunemployment.Keynesarguedthataggregatedemandistheprimarydrivingforceofaneconomy,andthatduringdownturns,insufficientdemandleadstoprolongedunemployment.Hefamouslysuggestedthatintheshortrun,themarketcouldremaininastateofdisequilibrium.Tocombatthis,Keynesadvocatedforactivegovernmentintervention,specificallythroughfiscalpolicymeasuressuchasincreasedpublicspendingandtaxcuts.Thesemeasuresweredesignedtostimulatedemandandpulltheeconomyoutofrecession.However,Keynesianeconomicshasnotbeenwithoutitscritics.Monetarists,ledbyMiltonFriedman,arguedthatfiscalpolicyisoftenineffectivedueto"crowdingout"—wheregovernmentborrowingdrivesupinterestrates,reducingprivateinvestment.Furthermore,thestagflationofthe1970s(highinflationcombinedwithhighunemployment)challengedtheKeynesianPhillipscurvetrade-off,leadingtoaresurgenceoffree-marketthought.Despitethesechallenges,Keynesianprinciplesexperiencedarevivalfollowingthe2008financialcrisis,asgovernmentsworldwideengagedinmassivestimuluspackagestopreventaglobaldepression.Thiscyclicalnatureofeconomicthoughtsuggeststhatnosingletheoryholdsamonopolyontruth;rather,theapplicabilityofamodeloftendependsonthespecifichistoricalandeconomiccontext.23.ThepassageimpliesthatclassicaleconomictheorieswereinadequateduringtheGreatDepressionbecausethey(A)reliedtooheavilyongovernmentintervention(B)couldnotaccountforthepersistenceofeconomicdownturns(C)ignoredtheroleofaggregatedemandindrivingtheeconomy(D)wereprimarilyfocusedoninflationratherthanunemployment(E)hadnotyetbeendevelopedfully24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacriticismofKeynesianeconomicsmentionedbyMonetarists?(A)Itleadstodangerouslyhighlevelsofinflation.(B)Itcausesgovernmentstoborrowtoomuchmoneyfromforeignlenders.(C)Itfailstoaccountforthepsychologicalfactorsinfluencingconsumerspending.(D)Itcanreduceprivateinvestmentbydrivingupinterestrates.(E)Itistooslowtoimplementduringarapideconomiccollapse.25.Theauthor’sdiscussionofthe2008financialcrisisservesto(A)illustratethefailureofMonetaristpoliciesinthemodernera(B)provideevidencethattheGreatDepressionwascausedbythesamefactors(C)demonstratetheenduringrelevanceofKeynesianinterventioniststrategies(D)arguethatgovernmentspendingistheonlysolutiontorecession(E)suggestthateconomictheoriesarebecominglessimportantovertime26.Inthefinalsentence,theauthorsuggeststhat(A)Keynesianeconomicsissuperiortoallothereconomictheories(B)economictheoriesarelargelyirrelevanttoreal-worldfinancialcrises(C)thevalidityofaneconomicmodelisoftencontingentonthecontextinwhichitisapplied(D)economistsshouldstoparguingandagreeonasingleunifiedtheory(E)theGreatDepressionwasananomalythatdoesnotfitstandardeconomicmodelsQuestions27to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Biologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbythephenomenonofaltruismintheanimalkingdom—behaviorsthatreduceanindividual'sownreproductivefitnesswhileincreasingthefitnessofothers.TheexistenceofaltruismseemstocontradictDarwiniannaturalselection,whichfavorstraitsthatenhanceanindividual'sownsurvivalandreproduction.However,thetheoryof"inclusivefitness,"proposedbyW.D.Hamilton,providesamathematicalframeworkforunderstandingaltruism.Hamilton'srulestatesthatanaltruisticgenewillspreadifrB>C,whereristhecoefficientofgeneticrelatednessbetweentheactorandtherecipient,B27.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith(A)refutingthevalidityofDarwiniannaturalselection(B)explainingtheevolutionarybasisforaltruisticbehaviorinanimals(C)comparingthesocialstructuresofbeesandvampirebats(D)criticizingthelimitationsofHamilton'srule(E)describingthegeneticmakeupofhaplodiploidspecies28.AccordingtoHamilton'sruleaspresentedinthepassage,analtruisticactisevolutionarilyadvantageousif(A)thecosttotheactorislowerthanthebenefittotherecipient(B)theactorandrecipientarecloselyrelated(C)thebenefittotherecipientweightedbygeneticrelatednessexceedsthecosttotheactor(D)therecipientpromisestoreturnthefavorinthefuture(E)theactincreasestheoverallsurvivalrateofthespecies29.Theauthormentionsvampirebatsinorderto(A)provideanexampleofaltruismdrivenbygeneticrelatedness(B)illustrateaspeciesthatfailstofollowHamilton'srule(C)demonstrateaninstanceofaltruismbasedonreciprocalcooperation(D)arguethatinsectsaremorealtruisticthanmammals(E)provethataltruismrequiresahighlevelofintelligence30.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabout"cheaters"inthecontextofreciprocalaltruism?(A)Theyareeventuallyexpelledfromthesocialgroup.(B)Theyhaveahighersurvivalratethanaltruists.(C)Theyposeathreattothestabilityofthereciprocalsystem.(D)Theyareusuallycloselyrelatedtothealtruists.(E)Theyareunabletorecognizeothermembersofthegroup.***AnswerKeyandExplanations1.Answer:B(skepticism)解析：句意是：因为CEO之前的风险投资都以破产告终，董事会对他最新的扩张提议持______态度。由于过去有失败的历史，董事会自然不会信任他，会持怀疑态度。(A)approbation：赞许，与句意相反。(B)skepticism：怀疑态度，符合句意。(C)indifference：冷漠，虽然有可能，但skepticism更能体现对过去失败经历的反应。(D)consternation：惊愕，通常指对突发震惊事件的反应，此处不合适。(E)nostalgia：怀旧，句意不通。2.Answer:A(scandalous)解析：句意是：这位作者的回忆录之所以出名，不是因为______的名人八卦揭露，而是因为其对悲伤的深刻而感人的探索。句中"ratherthan"表示转折，后半部分提到"profoundandmoving"（深刻感人），前半部分应填入一个词形容"名人八卦"，且与"深刻"形成对比。八卦通常是丑闻性的。(A)scandalous：丑闻的，传遍丑闻的，符合八卦的特性。(B)mundane：平凡的，与名人八卦通常的刺激性不符。(C)edifying：有益的，开导的，这通常是褒义，与句意转折逻辑不符。(D)superficial：肤浅的，虽然八卦可能肤浅，但scandalous更能具体描述八卦的性质。(E)arcane：晦涩难懂的，不符合八卦特征。3.Answer:A(chaotic)解析：句意是：虽然早期的评论家认为这部小说的结构是______，但后来的学者开始欣赏其相互交织的叙事所构成的复杂架构。句中"not...butrather..."表示转折，后半部分说结构是"intricate"（复杂的、错综复杂的），说明前半部分早期评论家的看法是负面的，认为结构混乱。(A)chaotic：混乱的，符合句意。(B)formulaic：公式化的，刻板的，虽然也是负面评价，但chaotic与intricate在结构形态上对比更强烈。(C)derivative：模仿的，缺乏原创的，通常指内容而非结构。(D)seminal：开创性的，重大的，褒义词，不符。(E)disjointed：脱节的，不连贯的，也是一个干扰项，但chaotic更能对应后来被发现的"错综复杂"（即看似混乱实则有序）。4.Answer:C(anodyne)解析：句意是：这位政治家的演讲是故意______的，充满了陈词滥调和模糊的承诺，旨在吸引尽可能多的选民而不疏远任何人。既然目的是"不疏远任何人"，那么演讲内容应该是温和的、无害的、平淡的。(A)pithy：精辟的，言简意赅的，通常指内容深刻，不符合"陈词滥调"的描述。(B)bombastic：夸夸其谈的，这可能会疏远人，不符合目的。(C)anodyne：缓和的，无害的，平淡的，符合"不疏远任何人"和"陈词滥调"的语境。(D)polemical：好辩的，争论性的，肯定会疏远一部分人。(E)didactic：说教的，虽然可能令人厌烦，但anodyne更准确地描述了那种为了讨好所有人而变得毫无锋芒的状态。5.Answer:A(triviality)解析：句意是：尽管任务表面上是______，团队还是遇到了意想不到的复杂性，导致项目推迟了好几个月。"Despite"表示转折，后半部分提到"complexities"（复杂性）和"delayed"（推迟），说明前半部分任务看起来很简单。(A)triviality：琐碎，微不足道，符合"简单"的意思。(B)magnitude：巨大，如果任务看起来巨大，遇到复杂性就不构成转折了。(C)urgency：紧迫性，紧迫的任务遇到复杂性导致推迟是顺承关系，不是转折。(D)lucidity：清晰，清晰的任务也可能遇到复杂性，但triviality（简单/不重要）与complexity对比更强烈。(E)efficacy：功效，不符合语境。6.Answer:C(conjectural),E(hypothetical)解析：句意是：通过拒绝发布完整的数据集，研究人员招致了猜测，认为他们的发现没有证据支持，仅仅是______。空格处需要填入一个词描述"没有证据支持"的研究发现。(A)anecdotal：轶事的，虽然可能不严谨，但不是指"猜测"。(B)empirical：实证的，句意相反。(C)conjectural：推测的，纯凭想象的，符合句意。(D)rigorous：严谨的，句意相反。(E)hypothetical：假设的，符合句意。(F)verifiable：可证实的，句意相反。所以选C和E。7.Answer:A(mercurial),D(capricious)解析：句意是：大使的外交技巧受到了谈判______性质的考验，谈判从和解到敌对急剧转变。空格描述的是"急剧转变"的性质，即多变、易变。(A)mercurial：善变的，情绪多变的（源自水星Mercury），符合语境。(B)consistent：一致的，句意相反。(C)benign：良性的，温和的，不符合"敌对"的描述。(D)capricious：反复无常的，善变的，符合语境。(E)lethargic：昏昏欲睡的，无精打采的，不符合。(F)static：静止的，句意相反。所以选A和D。8.Answer:C解析：文章主要讨论了JamesHutton提出的"深时"概念。文章首先介绍了这一概念如何改变了人们对地球历史的认知（从圣经年代到地质年代），然后解释了其科学依据（岩石层），最后讨论了其哲学意义（人类在宇宙中的地位被重新评估）。因此，文章的主旨是讨论"深时"概念在科学和哲学上的影响。(A)过于片面，只提到了反驳圣经年代。(B)文章提到为进化论铺平道路，但并非解释进化论本身的观察。(C)正确，涵盖了科学（地质学基础）和哲学（人类地位）两个方面。(D)文章没有详细比较Hutton和同时代其他人的理论，而是对比了新旧观念。(E)SiccarPoint只是作为例子提出证据。9.Answer:B解析：文章提到"angularunconformities"（角度不整合面）是为了证明Hutton的观点。文章紧接着解释说，这种地质特征只能通过漫长的沉积、隆起和侵蚀周期来解释。因此，提到它是为了展示一种需要极长时间才能形成的地质特征，从而支持"深时"理论。(A)文章用它来反驳灾变论，支持渐变论。(B)正确，说明这种结构需要漫长的时间。(C)虽然文中提到了沉积层的倾斜，但这不是主要目的，主要目的是为了证明时间跨度。(D)文章并未提及定年的困难。(E)文章并未批评Hutton观察的局限性。10.Answer:B解析：文章最后一句提到，这种观点的转变"pavedthewayforDarwinianevolution"（为达尔文进化论铺平了道路）。为什么？因为前文提到，深时理论确立了地球历史极其漫长。达尔文进化论（自然选择）是一个极其缓慢的过程，需要漫长的时间跨度。因此，深时理论提供了一个足够长的时间框架，使得自然选择成为可能。(A)Hutton是地质学家，他的理论并不直接证明物种变化。(B)正确，提供了必要的时间跨度。(C)文章未提及化石记录不完整。(D)文章未提及遗传相似性。(E)重点不是学科转移，而是时间概念对生物学的启发。11.Answer:C解析：文章中提到："Theshiftfromateleologicalviewofnature,wheretheEarthwasdesignedforhumanuse,toamechanisticone..."（从目的论观点...的转移）。这暗示了在18世纪晚期之前，西方观点倾向于认为地球是为人设计的。(A)文章说是"teleological"（目的论的），而非纯粹的机械论。(B)文章说当时认为是"static"（静态的），而非关注渐进变化。(C)正确，基于"Earthwasdesignedforhumanuse"。(D)文章提到当时相信圣经中的大洪水，而非怀疑。(E)文章暗示当时受限于圣经年代，并非不关心，而是关心但年代错了。12.Answer:C解析：文章主要讨论了数字艺术保存中的两难困境：一方面是保留原始代码和硬件，另一方面是迁移到新格式以保证展示。文章明确提到"Thishasledtoadebate...regardingthephilosophyof'variablemedia'"。(A)成本问题不是文章讨论的核心矛盾。(B)艺术家更新作品的问题未提及。(C)正确，这就是文章核心的矛盾：preserveoriginalvs.ensuredisplay。(D)博物馆兴趣问题未提及。(E)版权问题虽然提到了复制的复杂性，但不是主要针对的技术性问题。13.Answer:C解析：文章中定义"migration"为："astrategywheretheartworkistransferredtonewer,currentformatstoensureitscontinueddisplay"。(A)不是地理位置的转移。(B)不是出售。(C)正确，转移到新格式以适应现代系统。(D)不是艺术家创作习惯的改变。(E)不是非法复制。14.Answer:B解析：文章提到："Subtlechangesincolorrendering,processingspeed,orinterfacelatencycanaltertheviewer'sexperience,potentiallyviolatingtheartist'soriginalintent."这意味着迁移可能会无意中改变艺术作品的观感。(A)文章没有说会导致作品太不exclusve。(B)正确，改变了审美体验。(C)没有提到侵犯版权法。(D)没有提到硬件老化问题。(E)虽然可能涉及成本，但文章强调的风险是对艺术完整性的破坏。15.Answer:C解析：最后一句："Thesequestionsrequireanewethicalframework,onethatbalancestheneedforpublicaccesswiththeimperativetopreservetheintegrityoftheartist'svision..."这句话总结了前面的挑战，并指出需要一个新的伦理框架来解决。(A)它不是简单总结，而是提出解决方案的方向。(B)它没有提供"definitivesolution"（确切方案），只是说需要新框架。(C)正确，强调需要新的保护伦理方法。(D)没有批评博物馆。(E)没有预测未来主导地位。16.Answer:D解析：句意是：实验室结果是______：虽然它们证实了化学物质的存在，但并没有解释它为何突然出现在地下水中。冒号后面的句子解释了空格。结果既证实了一件事（正面），又没解释另一件事（负面/困惑），这种矛盾性构成了悖论。(A)definitive：决定性的，确定的，通常指问题解决了，不符合后半句。(B)inconclusive：不确定的，如果不确定，就不能"confirmpresence"。(C)ominous：不祥的，与句意无关。(D)paradoxical：悖论的，自相矛盾的，符合既证实又不解释的矛盾状态。(E)egregious：极坏的，不符合语境。17.Answer:A解析：句意是：这个新设备远非______创新，它只是现有技术的重新组合，没有提供比其前身显著的改进。"Farfrombeing..."表示否定，空格应填入褒义词，表示"重大的、开创性的"，与后半句"rehash"（翻炒/旧货新卖）形成对比。(A)seminal：开创性的，有重大影响的，符合句意。(B)redundant：多余的，如果是多余的，后面说"只是现有技术"就不构成转折了。(C)trivial：琐碎的，与句意逻辑相反（Farfromtrivial=important，但这与后半句不搭配）。(D)lucrative：有利可图的，与技术创新程度无关。(E)pragmatic：实用的，也不够强烈对应"rehash"的对比。18.Answer:B解析：句意是：评论家指出，剧作家的对话往往是______，为了传递生硬的政治信息而牺牲了自然的流畅度。牺牲了自然流畅，说明对话是不自然的、生硬的。(A)mellifluous：流畅优美的，句意相反。(B)stilted：生硬的，不自然的，符合句意。(C)laconic：简练的，简练不一定不自然。(D)spontaneous：自发的，自然的，句意相反。(E)colloquial：口语的，口语通常比较自然。19.Answer:B解析：句意是：参议员试图通过指责媒体来______丑闻，但当新的证据被发现证明他同谋时，这一努力适得其反。通常政客指责媒体是为了减轻丑闻的影响。(A)exacerbate：加剧，如果是加剧，就不需要指责媒体了，且"backfired"通常指原本想减轻结果却变糟了。(B)mitigate：减轻，缓和，符合语境（试图减轻丑闻）。(C)ignore：忽略，"试图指责媒体"不是忽略。(D)validate：验证，证实，没人想证实丑闻。(E)substantiate：确证，同validate。20.Answer:A解析：句意是：虽然交响乐的前半部分抒情且subdued（低沉/柔和），但后半部分以______的节奏和飙升的音量为特征。空格应与"subdued"形成对比，且与"soaringvolume"（飙升的音量）搭配。(A)syncopated：切分音的，通常指节奏感强、不规律的，在音乐对比中常用来形容激昂或复杂的节奏，符合对比。(B)languid：疲倦的，无精打采的，与subdued相近。(C)monotonous：单调的，不符合soaringvolume。(D)cacophonous：刺耳的，虽然音量大，但通常指噪音，交响乐不太会用刺耳来形容好的部分。(E)harmonious：和谐的，与subdued不构成强烈对比。注：这里A是最佳选项，因为syncopated节奏往往带来活力和张力，与subdued的宁静形成对比。21.Answer:B(nuanced),D(evocative)解析：句意是：这部小说对维多利亚社会的描绘是______，以毫不留情的准确性捕捉了那个时代严格的社会等级制度和令人窒息的道德准则。后半句赞扬了其准确性和深刻性。(A)anachronistic：时代错误的，贬义。(B)nuanced：细腻的，微妙的，褒义，符合句意。(C)superficial：肤浅的，贬义。(D)evocative：唤起回忆的，引人共鸣的，褒义，符合句意。(E)implausible：难以置信的，贬义。(F)antiquated：陈旧的，通常指技术或观念，用于描绘不准确。选B和D。22.Answer:B(resilient),D(hardy)解析：句意是：尽管沙漠环境恶劣，那里的植物却非常______，进化出了特殊的机制来保持水分。空格形容植物能在恶劣环境生存。(A)fragile：脆弱的，句意相反。(B)resilient：有弹性的，适应力强的，符合句意。(C)sparse：稀少的，虽然沙漠植物稀少，但这里强调的是个体的生存能力，而非数量。(D)hardy：强壮的，耐寒的，耐苦的，符合句意。(E)lush：郁郁葱葱的，沙漠植物通常不lush。(F)dormant：休眠的，虽然植物可能休眠，但句意强调的是生存能力。选B和D。23.Answer:B解析：文章第一段提到："classicaleconomictheori