第二节　名词性从句 高中英语

第二节名词性从句在复合句中相当于名词的从句，称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：类别引导词意义功能从属连词that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分连接代词what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个主语、宾语、定语who(ever)(无论)谁主语、宾语、表语whom谁宾语whose谁的定语连接副词when何时时间状语where哪里地点状语why为何原因状语how如何方式状语考点1主语从句在句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。1.主语从句通常由以上名词性从句引导词引导。WhatmanytouristsandSanFranciscanstreasuremostaboutChinatownisitsfood.关于唐人街，许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是它的食物。Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。2.it作形式主语·It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句·It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句·It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句·It＋特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters等)＋that从句Itwasastonishingthatshedidn’tcareaboutmyfeelings.令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。考点2宾语从句在句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样，在句中可以作及物动词、介词及部分形容词的宾语。Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildrenshouldtakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.家长应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会加入运动队。NowalotofpeoplemightwonderwhyIwouldstepoutintotrafficlikethattorescueasinglebutterfly.现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。2.it作形式宾语·动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句·动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句·动词短语seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋that从句·固定搭配takeitforgranted/oweittosb＋that从句WemakeitarulethatwegototheEnglishCornertopracticeEnglisheveryafternoon.我们每天下午都要去英语角练习英语。单句语法填空①Whatisimportantisthatyoushouldsetasidesometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.②Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.③Inarchitecturalart,it’ssuggestedthatnomorethanthreemaincolorsshouldbeusedforadesign.④Tobehonest,Idoubtwhether/iftheywillfinishthehardtaskintwodays.⑤Theyshowedviewershowtheyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.考点3表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif，because和why引导。That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。Myparents’requestisthatIshouldbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.我父母的要求就是我必须被重点大学录取。考点4同位语从句同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。Thereisnodoubtthatitisworthwhiletoparticipateinthephotographyshow.毫无疑问，参加摄影展是值得的。单句语法填空/完成句子①Thefactisthatbatsplayasignificantroleinkeepingabalancedecosystem.②AsIgrewupintheUK,theChinesefoodIwasusedtoeatingwaswhatInowrecogniseasGuangdongfood.③Thereasonwhyhemissedclasseswasthathewasillinhospital.他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。④Weholdthebeliefthatyouaresuretodisplayyourtalentsthroughthiscontest.我们相信，通过这次比赛，你一定能展示出你的才华。【重难突破】1.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，什么……的事情，什么样的”。Ourteachermadearequestthatwe(should)bewellpreparedfortheexam.老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。Wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions.我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。2.wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别连接词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anythingthat，any...that，anyonewho，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：Whatyouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。Whateveryouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。3.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.这是否真实依然是个问题。Itisunknownwhether/ifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与ornot连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。Iwaswonderingwhether/ifshe’dprefertocomealittlelater.我不知道她是否乐意晚一点来。Therewasaheatedargumentaboutwhetherhewassuitablefortheposition.关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。Beforemakingthedecisionwhetherweshouldweartheschooluniform,wehavetobalancetheadvantagesagainstthedisadvantages.在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。单句语法填空①Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhetherruralareascandoanythingtoreversethetide.②MymomcontinuedtotreatmetowhateverIwanteduntilIwassevenandmyworldcrashed.③AtthePlasticBankmarkets,peoplecanexchangetheplasticthey’vecollectedforwhattheyneed.【解题指导】【典例1】Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforhethoughtwasnotenough.答案what[介词for后为宾语从句，hethought作插入语，而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what，what可分解为thepricethat，原句可转化为“Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforthepricethathethoughtwasnotenough.”。]【典例2】MassiveOpenOnlineCourses，calledMOOCs，arechangingpeoplelearninmanyplaces.答案how[分析句子结构可知，changing后为宾语从句，空处作宾语从句中的方式状语，即“怎样学习”，故应用how。]【达标检测】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2023·衢州等三地市二模)Somepeoplearewonderingwhether/ifvirtualfigureswillreplacerealhumans.2.(2023·西南大学附中高三一模)Nowcarryingastrongculturallegacyofpasthumanactivity,thewoodlandhasbecomeaquietmonumenttowhatwe’velostinthedevelopmentofcivilization.3.(2023·日照一模)Well,itturnsoutthatthere’sananswertothiscutespringphenomenon.4.(2023·福州一模)Shealsocametotheconclusionthatitisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.5.(2023·济南一模)Theyarerequiredtoreflectonwhattheyaregratefulforandhowtheycanshinelightonothersaswell.6.(2023·淮南一模)WhathavelongcompromisedthehealthofNagqustudentsarelow-oxygenenvironmentandextremeweather.7.(2023·辽宁协作体高三一模)Researchershopethisnewsitecantellpeoplehowmoneydeveloped.8.(2023·凉山二诊)Thereisnodoubtthattheyhaveimmeasurableprospectsforthefuturenewsreportingastheycanreduceproductioncostsandimproveaccuracyandefficiency.9.(2023·杭州二模)Itisverysimpleandthatmaybewhyitspreadssoquickly.10.(2023·沈阳一模)Interestingly,thecalligrapherWangXizhifromtheEasternJinDynastywroteinhisLantingXuabouthowliterarymencomposedpoetrywhiledrinkingfromcupsleftfloatingandmovingalongthewindingriver.Ⅱ.语法与写作1.Itissuggestedthatwepaymoreattentiontotakingphysicalexercise.建议我们多注意体育锻炼。2.I’mwritingtoinformyouthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.我写信是通知你我们下个月有一场排球赛。3.LifeisfullofpossibilitiesandJimmydecidedtorespectwhateverpathhissonwouldliketotake.生活充满了各种可能性，吉米决定尊重儿子想要走的任何道路。4.I’mwritingtoaskwhether/ifyoucoulddomeafavor.我写信是想问您能否帮我一个忙。5.Onthewaybackhome,feelingthelightbreezethroughhishair,Macfeltwhathappenedjustnowwasjustanightmare,butawarmglowfloodedintohisinnerheartashethoughtofPaul’sunselfishassistance.回家的路上，微风拂过他的头发，麦克觉得刚才发生的一切只是一场噩梦，但当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股温暖的光芒涌进他的内心。Ⅲ.语篇提能练Itwasre