【新教材】译林版（2024）八年级上册英语Unit 8 Safe and sound 暑假预习讲义（含练习题及答案）

第第页【新教材】译林版（2024）八年级上册英语Unit8Safeandsound暑假预习讲义📖Reading:AnEarthquake

主旨：本文以第一人称叙述了一场地震的经历。从地震发生时的惊慌，到逃生过程中的冷静应对，再到震后的救援与重建，展现了面对自然灾害时人们的勇气和互助精神。

结构：引入（平静的一天）→地震突然发生（恐慌、奔跑）→逃生过程（寻找安全出口）→被困与自救→救援到来→总结（安全教育的重要性）

infearinalldirectionscalmdownsaytooneselfputoutsafeandsound📚重点词汇（含词族拓展）Welcometotheunit&Readingemergency/iˈmɜːdʒənsi/n.紧急情况词族拓展：emerge(v.出现)→emergency(n.紧急情况)→emergence(n.出现)→emergent(adj.新兴的)

搭配：inanemergency在紧急情况下/anemergencyexit紧急出口/calltheemergencynumber拨打急救电话用法讲解：emergency是可数名词，复数emergencies。incaseofemergency（万一发生紧急情况）是固定搭配。Call120inanemergency.（紧急情况下拨打120。）accident/ˈæksɪdənt/n.事故词族拓展：accident(n.事故)→accidental(adj.意外的)→accidentally(adv.意外地)

搭配：atrafficaccident交通事故/byaccident偶然地/haveanaccident出事故辨析：byaccident（偶然地=bychance）vs.onpurpose（故意地）。accident（事故，意外事件）vs.incident（事件，小事）。Therewasatrafficaccidentontheroadyesterday.（昨天路上发生了一起交通事故。）terrible/ˈterəbl/adj.可怕的词族拓展：terror(n.恐怖)→terrible(adj.可怕的)→terribly(adv.可怕地/非常)→terrify(v.使恐惧)

搭配：aterribleaccident可怕的事故/terribleweather糟糕的天气/terriblysorry非常抱歉辨析：terrible（可怕的/糟糕的）vs.awful（极差的）vs.horrible（令人恐惧的）。terribly可作程度副词：terriblycold（非常冷）。Theterribleearthquakedestroyedmanybuildings.（可怕的地震摧毁了许多建筑。）silent/ˈsaɪlənt/adj.安静的词族拓展：silent(adj.安静的)→silence(n.寂静)→silently(adv.默默地)

搭配：keepsilent保持安静/insilence默默地/fallsilent变得安静

辨析：silent（沉默的，不出声）vs.quiet（安静的，不吵闹）vs.calm（平静的，不慌张）用法讲解：keepsilent=keepquiet（保持安静）。insilence=silently（默默地，表示方式）。Aftertheearthquake,everythingwassilent.（地震过后，一切都很安静。）nervous/ˈnɜːvəs/adj.焦虑的，紧张的词族拓展：nerve(n.神经)→nervous(adj.紧张的)→nervously(adv.紧张地)→nervousness(n.紧张)

搭配：benervousaboutsth对……紧张/feelnervous感到紧张/anervoussmile紧张的微笑

后缀-ous：nerve→nervous；danger→dangerous；courage→courageous辨析：nervous（紧张的，焦虑不安）vs.anxious（焦急的，担忧）vs.worried（担心的，aboutsth）。Shefeltnervouswhentheearthquakestarted.（地震开始时她感到很紧张。）calm/kɑːm/vi.&vt.&adj.平静；（使）镇静；镇静的词族拓展：calm(v./adj.平静的)→calmly(adv.平静地)→calmness(n.平静)

搭配：calmdown冷静下来/keepcalm保持冷静/staycalm保持镇定用法讲解：calm可作动词（calmsbdown使某人冷静）和形容词（keepcalm保持冷静）。calmdown是高频短语。Pleasecalmdownandtellmewhathappened.（请冷静下来告诉我发生了什么。）shake/ʃeɪk/n.,vi.&vt.摇动，震动词族拓展：shake(v.摇动)→shaky(adj.颤抖的)

搭配：shakehands握手/shakeone'shead摇头/shakewithfear吓得发抖用法讲解：shake的过去式是shook，过去分词是shaken。shakehands(withsb)（与某人握手）是固定搭配。Thegroundshookviolentlyduringtheearthquake.（地震时地面剧烈震动。）fear/fɪə(r)/n.&vt.恐惧，害怕词族拓展：fear(n./v.恐惧)→fearful(adj.可怕的)→fearless(adj.无畏的)→fearfully(adv.可怕地)

搭配：infear恐惧地/forfearof惟恐/fearforsb为某人担心/overcomeone'sfear克服恐惧用法讲解：infear（恐惧地）表示状态。infearofone'slife（为生命安全担忧）。forfearthat+从句（生怕，以防）。Peopleraninfearwhentheearthquakehit.（地震来袭时人们恐惧地奔跑。）direction/dəˈrekʃn/n.方向词族拓展：direct(v.指导/adj.直接的)→direction(n.方向)→director(n.导演)→directly(adv.直接地)

搭配：inalldirections四面八方/inthedirectionof朝……方向/changedirection改变方向用法讲解：inalldirections（向四面八方）是固定短语。direction前常用in：inthisdirection（朝这个方向）。Peopleraninalldirectionswhenthebuildingstartedtoshake.（当建筑开始摇晃时，人们向四面八方奔跑。）Grammar&IntegratedSkillssince/sɪns/conj.因为，既然词族拓展：since(conj./prep./adv.自从；因为)

用法1：since+时间点（自从）：Ihavelivedheresince2010.

用法2：since+从句（因为，既然）：Sinceyouaretired,youshouldrest.

搭配：eversince自那以后/sincethen从那以后辨析：since（既然，侧重已知原因）vs.because（因为，语气最强）vs.as（由于，语气较弱）vs.for（因为，补充说明）。Sinceitwasraining,westayedathome.（既然下雨了，我们待在家里。）except/ɪkˈsept/prep.除……之外词族拓展：except(prep.除……外)→exception(n.例外)→exceptional(adj.exceptional的)

搭配：exceptforsth除……之外（整体中的局部例外）/exceptthat+从句除……之外

辨析：except（除……外，排除在外）vs.besides（除……外还有，包含在内）vs.exceptfor（除……外，表示整体中的局部例外）。辨析（重点！）：

•WeallwentexceptTom.（除了Tom，我们都去了。Tom没去。）

•WeallwentbesidesTom.（除了Tom，我们也去了。Tom也去了。）

•Thearticleisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.（整体好，局部有例外）Everyonewassafeexceptafewpeoplewhowereslightlyinjured.（除了几个人受了轻伤外，所有人都安全。）✏词汇巩固练习一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1.Call120inane____.2.Therewasaterribletraffica____onthehighway.3.Pleasec____downandtellmewhathappened.4.Peopleraninalld____whentheearthquakehit.5.Shefeltn____beforethespeech.【参考答案】1.emergency2.accident3.calm4.directions5.nervous二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theground______(shake)violentlyduringtheearthquake.2.Everyonewasafraid.Theyranawayin______(fearful).3.Pleasekeep______(silence)inthelibrary.4.Shespoke______(calm)tothefrightenedchildren.5.Heisa______(fear)soldier.Heisneverafraid.【参考答案】1.shook（shake过去式shook）2.fear（infear恐惧地）3.silent（keepsilent保持安静）4.calmly（副词修饰动词spoke）5.fearless（无畏的）💬重点短语详解safeandsound含义：安然无恙，安全无恙

结构：safeandsound是固定搭配，sound在这里是形容词（健康的，完好的）。

用法：常作表语或状语：arrivesafeandsound（安然到达）。Whentherescueteamfoundhim,hewassafeandsound.（当救援队找到他时，他安然无恙。）infear含义：恐惧地，害怕地

拓展：infearofone'slife（为生命担忧）/forfearof（惟恐）/forfearthat（生怕）

辨析：infear（恐惧地，状态）vs.infearof（害怕……，后接宾语）。Peoplestoodinfearasthebuildingshook.（当建筑摇晃时，人们恐惧地站着。）inalldirections含义：四面八方，到处

同义：everywhere/allaround/ineverydirection

用法：runinalldirections（向四面八方跑）是高频搭配。Whentheearthquakehit,peopleraninalldirections.（地震来袭时，人们向四面八方奔跑。）calmdown含义：（使）平静下来，（使）冷静

结构：calmdown（自己冷静）/calmsbdown（使某人冷静）

同义：relax/settledown/cooldownTakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.（深呼吸，冷静下来。）saytooneself含义：暗想，自言自语

同义：thinktooneself/talktooneself

用法：根据主语变化：Isaidtomyself/shesaidtoherself/theysaidtothemselves。"Don'tpanic,"hesaidtohimself.（"别慌，"他暗自说道。）putout含义：扑灭，熄灭

结构：putout+宾语（代词放中间：putitout）

同义：extinguish/putoff（少见）

拓展：putoff（推迟）/putup（搭建）/putaway（收好）/puton（穿上）Firefightersputoutthefireintwohours.（消防员两小时内扑灭了大火。）✏短语巩固练习一、用适当的短语完成句子1.Everyoneran______alldirectionswhenthealarmrang.2.Pleasecalm______andtellmewhathappened.3.Thefirefightersput______thefirequickly.4."Icandothis,"shesaid______herself.5.Whenhearrivedhome,hewassafe______sound.【参考答案】1.in（inalldirections四面八方）2.down（calmdown冷静下来）3.out（putout扑灭）4.to（saytooneself自言自语）5.and（safeandsound安然无恙）📖语法精讲PastContinuousTense（过去进行时）⚠when/while/as的区别：

①when：既可接短暂性动作，也可接延续性动作。从句动作可先于/后于主句动作。

•Iwasworkingwhentheearthquakestarted.（短暂动作+延续动作）

②while：只接延续性动作，强调两个动作同时进行。

•Peoplewererunningwhileglasswasrainingdown.（两个延续动作同时）

③as：强调"一边……一边……"，两个动作同时发生。

•AsIwastryingtofindmyway,Iheardanoise.（同时进行）

口诀：长动作用进行时，短动作用一般过去时。when最灵活，while重同时，as强调伴随。Iwasgoinghomeat4:10yesterdayafternoon.（昨天下午4:10我正在回家。）Itwasrainingwhenthepolicearrived.（警察到达时正在下雨。）✏语法巩固练习一、用过去进行时填空1.I______(read)abookat8pmyesterday.2.They______(play)basketballwhenitstartedtorain.3.She______(notlisten)totheteacheratthattime.4.What______you______(do)at9amyesterday?5.Whilewe______(have)dinner,thelightswentout.【参考答案】1.wasreading（I→was）2.wereplaying（They→were）3.wasnotlistening/wasn'tlistening4.were,doing（you→were）5.werehaving（we→were）二、用when/while/as填空1.______Iwaswalkinghome,Isawanaccident.2.Theearthquakestarted______wewerehavingalesson.3.______Iwastryingtofindmywayout,Iheardanoise.4.Thephonerang______shewastakingashower.5.Peoplewererunning______glassandbrickswerefalling.【参考答案】1.As/When/While（均可，延续性动作）2.when/while（when更灵活）3.As（强调"一边……一边"）4.when（when最灵活，短动作+长动作）5.while（两个延续动作同时进行）🔗核心句式was/were+V-ing+when+V-ed—正在做……这时突然……Iwasworkingwhentheearthquakestarted.（地震发生时我正在工作。）While+was/were+V-ing,was/were+V-ing—当……时，……正在……Whilepeoplewererunning,glasswasrainingdown.（当人们奔跑时，玻璃碎片像雨一样落下。）saidtooneself+"..."—心里想/自言自语Hesaidtohimself,"Don'tpanic."（他暗想："别慌。"）return/arrive+safeandsound—安然无恙地回来/到达Theyreturnedsafeandsound.（他们安然无恙地回来了。）🚑FirstAid:急救常用英文指令核心任务：学会用英文给出急救指令，在紧急情况下能够有效沟通。⚠注意：

①急救电话：中国120（急救）/119（火警）/110（报警）；

②祈使句否定形式：Don't+V（Don'tmovehim!）；

③描述伤势：haveacut（有伤口）/bebleeding（在流血）/beunconscious（失去意识）/stopbreathing（停止呼吸）。急救对话示例：

A:Help!Thismanhasfallen!

B:Don'tmovehim.Call120rightnow!Layhimdownontheground.Checkhisbreathing.Ishebreathing?

A:Yes,buthe'sbleeding.

B:Coverthewoundwithacleanclothandpressfirmlytostopthebleeding.📝急救指令翻译练习1.让他平躺在地上。→____________________________2.检查她的呼吸。→____________________________3.用干净的布盖住伤口。→____________________________4.不要移动他！→____________________________5.用力按压来止血。→____________________________6.保持冷静，别慌。→____________________________7.拨打120求救！→____________________________8.用双臂保护你的头部。→____________________________【参考答案】1.Layhimdownontheground.2.Checkherbreathing.3.Coverthewoundwithacleancloth.4.Don'tmovehim!5.Pressfirmlytostopthebleeding.6.Staycalm.Don'tpanic.7.Call120forhelp!8.Protectyourheadwithyourarms.📝综合训练一、单项选择1.I____homeworkwhentheearthquakehappened.A.doB.didC.wasdoingD.weredoing2.Peopleran____whenthebuildingshook.A.inalldirectionB.inalldirectionsC.atalldirectionsD.toalldirections3.—Wereyousleepingat10pm?—____.IwaswatchingTV.A.Yes,IwasB.No,Iwasn'tC.Yes,IwereD.No,Iweren't4.____Iwastryingtofindmyway,Iheardanoiseaboveme.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.BandC5.Everyonewenttotheparty____Tom.Hew