衔接点14++句子成分（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点14句子成分初中视角高中展望初中阶段，需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中句子成分考点聚焦】一、词类英语的词类分为十种：1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class.2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.3、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,she,you,it.4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above.6、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see.7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.8、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.二、句子成分识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。（1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。Heisastudent.他是一名学生。（代词he作主语）（2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。Shelovescats.她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语）（3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。WespeakChinese.我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语）（4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。Ilikelightmusic.我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语）（5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。Hewillbuymeagift.他将给我买份礼物。（agift作宾语me的补语）（6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看电视。（athome作状语指明动作发生的地点）（7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。Myfatherisawriter.我父亲是一名作家。（awriter作表语）【高中句子成分考点聚焦】课标解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O

（主+谓+宾）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C

（主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A

（主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。考点清单句子的成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（一）主语：用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（二）谓语：用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（三）表语：用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）（八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。（1）名词：We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoapowerfulandprosperouscountry.（2）代词：Theyallwantedtoseehim.Hehimselfdoesn’tknowwhy.（3）数词：Areyoutwoready?你们俩准备好了吗?（4）不定式：Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasmetwithsomeopposition.（5）动名词：Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,wasturneddown.（6）of短语：ThecityofRomeisaattractiveplace.（7）从句（同位语从句）：Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.一、指出划线部分充当的成分1．Analyzethesentencecomponentoftheunderlinedpart:Therewasacatinmyyardyesterday.A．主语 B．定语C．宾语 D．补语2．Thanks,Mom.ThisisthebestgiftIhaveeverreceived.A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语3．Headmitsthathewasmistaken.A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾语4．Theyoungman’sdreamtobecomeanastronauthasneverchanged.What’sthesentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语5．Ithappenedthatayoungwriterwithnopublishingexperiencewasabletocreateabest-sellingnovel.What’sthesentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语6．Everynightbeforebedtime,hecarefullylaysthebabyonthesoftbed.What’sthesentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语7．Themanwearingabluesuitisournewmanager.A．主语 B．谓语 C．定语 D．状语8．Herfatherboughtheranewcomputerasabirthdaygift.A．宾语 B．宾补 C．表语 D．主语9．Inthesentence“Itturnssurprisinglycoldovernight.”,theunderlinedword“cold”is________.A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语10．Inthesentence“Shewillbewaitingforyouattheairportthedayaftertomorrow.”,theunderlinedpart“thedayaftertomorrow”is________.A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语11．Featuresarewritteninanindividualstyle,withextradetailandbackground.What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?A．Adverbial B．Objectcomplement C．Subject D．Attributive12．Theboystandingunderthetreeismybrother.A．Adverbial B．Predicative C．Attributive D．Objectcomplement13．Theoldmansittingunderthetreeismygrandfather.What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?A．Attributive B．Adverbial C．Subject D．Object14．Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedword?A．Attributive B．Subject C．Adverbial D．Complement15．Theypaintedthedoorgreen.What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedword?A．Object B．Attributive C．Complement D．Adverbial16．Afterthelonghike,theclimbersfeltextremelytiredandthirsty.Whatsentenceelementistheunderlinedpart?A．Adverbial. B．Predicative. C．Object. D．Attributive.17．Haveyoudecidedwhereweshouldgoforoursummervacation?Whatsentenceelementistheunderlinedpart?A．Adverbial. B．Complement. C．Attributive. D．Object.18．Tomasteraforeignlanguageinthreemonthsischallenging.Whatsentenceelementistheunderlinedpart?A．Subject. B．Adverbial. C．Verb. D．Complement.19．Thecompanyconsidersitnecessarytoinvestmoremoneyinresearchanddevelopment.Whatsentenceelementistheunderlinedpart?A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Complement. D．Predicative.20．Thenumberofonlineshoppersinthisareahasincreasedby30%thisyear.Whatsentenceelementistheunderlinedpart?A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Predicative. D．Complement.二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。A篇阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词/短语在句中所作句子成分Fromsmallbeginnings,IgraduallyfellinlovewithtraditionalChineseart.Ourartteacherencouragedus1.tolearnpaper-cuttingintheafter-schoolclub.Thebeautifulredpatternsonpaperare2.aprecioustreasureoffolkculture.Weneedtocollectdifferentkindsofmaterials3.forourweeklypractice.Thecraftsmanstandingbesidethewindowisanexpertwith4.richpracticalexperience.B篇阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词/短语在句中所作句子成分1.Learningtraditionalculturehelpsteenagersbuildgoodculturalconfidence.Manyschoolsofferoptionalcoursesandletstudents2.explorelocalhandicrafts.Thecolourfulhandcraftworkslook3.attractiveintheclassroom.Studentscanimprovetheirpracticalskills4.bytakingpartindifferenthand-makingactivities.C篇阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词/短语在句中所作句子成分Scientists1.arestudyingthevalueoftraditionalhandicraftsallovertheworld.Mostvisitorslove2.thedelicatepaper-cutworksonshow.Theartistsherespendplentyoftime3.creatingnew-stylepatterns.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesregardthesearts4.aspricelessculturalwealth.一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Howlongdoesittakeareader1(receive)abookafterplacinganorderinalibraryofover8million?TheanswerfromanewlibraryinBeijingislessthan15minutes.Locatedintheeasterndistrict(区)ofTongzhou,BeijingLibrary2(become)apopularplacesinceitopenedinlateDecember.Itreceivedover80,000visitsduringthethree-dayNewYearholiday.Bookloversareattractednotonlybythelibrary’sbuilding,butalsobyitsplentifulcollectionofbooksandsmartservices.Coveringsome75,000squaremetres,BeijingLibrary3(house)over8millionbooks.Thetoweringstacks(书库)onthelibrary’sbasementfloorplayakeyrole.Theyarepartofthe4(large)singleautomatedstorageandretrieval(检索)system,also5(know)asAS/RS,forbooksinChina.Thestackshaveastorageareaoflessthan3,000squaremetres6(total),yettheycanstoreupto7.1millionbookslargelydueto7(they)specialdesign.Suchahugespacewouldrequireastorageareaofatleast10,000squaremetresina8(tradition)library.Readerswhoprefernottotraveltothelibrarycanusetheonlineborrowingservice,9willsendthebooktotheirdoorstep.Theserviceisopen10readersinbothBeijingandneighbouringTianjinandHebeiProvince.二、阅读理解TheInternationalLinguisticsOlympiad(IOL)isacompetitionforpre-universitystudents,heldinadifferentcountryeachyearsince2003.Itchallengesparticipants,bothindividuallyandinteams,tosolvelinguistic(语言学的)puzzles.TocompeteattheIOL,nospecialknowledgeisrequired,onlybasiclanguageconcepts,logic,patience,andcreativethinking.TrythisbeginnersampletoseeiftheIOLisrightforyou.APuzzleThenamesofsomeSouthAmericancountriesarewritteninGeorgian(格鲁吉亚语)withtheirEnglishtranslations:ბრაზილია

Brazilპერუ

Peruურუგვაი

UruguayQ:WhatistheEnglishnameofthiscountry“არგენტინა”?TheSolution·TheGeorgianformsof“Peru”and“Uruguay”havethesamenumberoflettersastheirEnglishnames,showingadirectlettermatch.·Therepeated-Uin“Uruguay”furtherconfirmsGeorgianiswrittenleft-to-right.·“Brazil”hasfewerlettersthantheGeorgianversion,butthankstothetwoothernames,wealreadyknow:რ→R,ა→A,გ→G,ე→E.·Withtheseletters,thepatternარგენტინაcanbetranslatedas“ARGE____A,”w