2023年上海张江实验中学高二（上）英语12月月考卷含解析

上海市华东师范大学张江实验中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Backgroundmusicmayseemharmless,butitcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthosewhohearit.1(record)backgroundmusicfirstfounditswayintofactories,shopsandrestaurantsintheU.S.Butitsoon 2(spread)tootherpartsoftheworld.Nowitisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogoshoppingoreatamealwithoutlisteningtomusic.Tobeginwith,backgroundmusicwasintendedsimply3(create)acomfortableatmosphere,Nowadays,however,it’sbecomeabigbusiness.Dr.RonaldMilliman,anAmericanmarketingexpert,hasshownthatmusiccanincreasesalesorfactoryproductionbyasmuchasathird.Butithastobelightmusic.Afastonehasnoeffectatall4sales.Slowmusiccanincreasesales,by38%.Thisisprobably5shoppersslowdownandhavemoreopportunitiestolookforthethingstheyliketobuy.Yet,slowmusicmeantcustomerstooklongertoeattheirmeals,6reducedsales.Sorestaurantownersmightbeadvisedtoplayup-tempomusictokeepthecustomers7(move).Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.targetB.randomC.seeminglyD.engagingE.carefullyF.awarenessG.campaignH.improveHaveyoueverbeenonsocialmediaandseenyourfavouritecelebritytalkingaboutaproduct?Theseendorsements(名人代言)mightnotbetotally8,andareactuallyseenasavitalpartofthemarketingprocess.Thequestionis:Whatdotheseendorsementsactuallydo?Firstly,theycanbeusedtobuildbrand9.Asocialmediainfluencershouldhaveastrongunderstandingoftheplatformtheyoperateon,andthereforecancreate10contentthatnotonlystickstothebrandimage,butsparkstheirfollowers’interestsinaproducttheymightneverhaveseenbefore.Secondly,influencerscan11acompanyorproduct’srelationshipwiththeircustomerbase.AccordingtoUSRetailCXTrendsReportoncustomerloyalty,77%ofbuyershavebeenbrandloyalformorethantenyears.Apopularcelebritycan12keydemographics(客户群)andtalkorblogaboutaproduct,whichcancreateaninstantandlastingbondwiththeconsumer.Lastly,influencerscanimprovecustomerbuyinghabitswith13‘unbiasedopinions’.Wearemorelikelytorespondto‘peerrecommendation’thantraditionalads,meaningthefactweseeaninfluencerasa‘friend’canmakeuslesslikelytobedoubtwhatweareseeing.So,thenexttimeyouseeacelebritytalkingaboutaproduct,youmightwanttoconsiderthatthiscouldbea 14craftedmarketingstrategydesignedtotargetyourcoreneeds.Ifyoufindyourselfperusingaproductyou’veseenonsocialmedia,youmaywellhavebeeninfluenced.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowiHowmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Newresearchsuggeststhat,toalargedegree,thereasonforthe“badfood”mightjustbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.TheFraunhoferInstitute,aGermanresearchorganization,conductedastudyonwhyadishthatwouldbeperfectly15inarestaurantwouldseemunattractivewhileintheair.Inamockaircraftcabin,researcherstriedoutingredientsatbothsealevelandinapressurizedcondition.Theairinsideanairplanecabinis15percentdrierthantheairthatwewould16breathewhileontheground.Inanenvironmentlikethis,ourpowersofsmellbegintodriftaway.17actuallystartstodeterioratethemomentwesteponaplane.Thesituationworsensoncetheairplanebeginstoclimb.Inthissituation,ournasalcavitiesswell(肿胀).Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingfoodtasteless 18.Youknowhowdininginsuchconditionscanbelikeifyouhaveevertriedtoeatwhileyouaresufferingfromacoldortheflu.Researchhasalsoshownthatthelowertemperatureandairpressureinsideofanairplanecanmakeithardertodetectaroma.Theseairbornemolecules(空中的分子),by19thenose’ssensorycells,playanimportantroleintheprocessoftasting. 20,vibrationsfromtheairstrikingthehull(机身),aswellastheroaringoftheplane’senginesandthewindsoutsideofit,collectivelyproducearatherconstant“21”,whichisequivalenttocitytraffic.Researchershavefoundthatloudnoises22ourabilitytoappreciatesweetflavors.Allthatbeingsaid,“badfood”can’tbeblamedsolelyonthein-cabinconditions.Preparingandservingtastyfoodforpassengersabovethecloudsisno23task.Allmealsmustbecookedontheground,whichdemandsthatthefoodberobust(味道浓郁的).Such24formassproductiondefinitelytiesdownthechef’shands.15.A.intangibleB.availableC.acceptableD.incredible16.A.originallyB.normallyC.respectivelyD.flexibly17.A.ScentB.SightC.FlavorD.Breath18.A.rewardingB.amusingC.appetizingD.astonishing19.A.adjustingB.stimulatingC.evaluatingD.consuming20.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Moreover21.A.movementB.noiseC.strikeD.problem22.A.spreadoutB.holdbackC.takeawayD.pullover23.A.complexB.crucialC.easyD.ethical24.A.requirementB.argumentC.improvementD.treatmentDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.EachpassageiChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingChemistsinmid-1500sNuremburghaddiscoveredthatbirddroppingswerearichsourceofsaltpetre,avitalingredientinthemakingofgunpowder.Asaconsequencepigeondroppingsusedtobealmostasvaluableassilver.Understandably,bythemiddleofthefollowingcentury,therewereanestimated26,000pigeonhousesinBritain.ThepracticeofkeepingthepigeonwasintroducedtoBritainbytheRomans.TheNormanskeptpigeonsinspeciallyconstructednichesincastlesandcourtyards.WhenthepigeonhousesinBritainwerebuilt,theywereavitalsourceofmeatandfeathers.Thelatterwereparticularlyprizedasasourceofwarmth.Droppingsgatheredfromthepigeonhouseswasarichfertilizer,too.Thepigeonhousewasnotonlyasourceoffoodandrevenueinmedievaltimes,butalsoastatussymbol.Theprivilegeofbuildingorowningpigeonhouseswasreservedfortherich.Towardstheendofherrule,QueenElizabethIdecidedtoopenpigeon-breedingtothefreemarket.Then,pigeonhousessprangupalloverthecountryside.ThenumberofpigeonhousesacrosstheBritishcountrysidewasnotuniversallywelcomed.Eachdaythebirdsflewofftofeedthemselvesonotherpeople’scrops.Bythemiddleofthe17thcentury,theproblemofpigeonswassogreatthatpeoplefearedthatthedestructivepigeonswouldturnEnglandintoadesert.Luckily,anagriculturalrevolutionary,CharlesTownsend,hadintroducedtheturniptoBritainaround1700,keepingfarmlivestockfatenoughtoeatthroughthedarkwintermonths.Later,vastquantitiesofnaturalsaltpetrewerediscoveredinChileandCalifornia.Keepingpigeonswentoutoffashion.Now,thehomelesspigeonsflewofftofindsomewhereelsetolive.OnespeciesdiscoveredthatBritain’srapidlygrowingtownsandcitieswerefullofthesortofrock-facestheylikedtoreston—humanscalledthem“buildings”.Overtimethey’dbecomethewildurbanpigeonthatweknowtoday.25.WhichofthefollowingpeopleinBritainwouldbeleastlikelytokeeppigeonsinthelateMiddleAges?A.Fruitgrowers.B.Thenobles.C.Gunpowdermakers.D.Theminers.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.FarmlivestockusedtobetoothinforlackoffoodinthedarkmonthsinBritain.B.TownsendrevolutionizedagriculturaldevelopmentinBritainaround1700.C.TheNormanssetanundesirableexampleofraisingpigeonsfortheBritishpeople.D.Englandwasoncefacedwiththethreatofdisappearancebecauseofpigeons.27.Accordingtothepassage,whyaretheresomanypigeonsinthecitiesinBritaintoday?ABecausepeoplethinkitasignofstatusandkeepthemtoshowoff..B.Becausepigeonsliketostayonhardsurfaceswhichcanbeabundantlyfoundincities.C.Becausepigeonsfindenoughfoodsupplieswhentouristsandcitizensfeedtheminsquares.D.Becausethegovernmentencouragespigeonraisingasaprofitableinvestment.28Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?.A.AbriefhistoryofpigeonhousesinBritain.B.Fromfunctiontofashion—thepigeonhousesinBritain.C.ProfitablepigeonhousesinBritain.D.PigeonhousesinBritainasvaluableassilver.SamsungSayingthatSamsungmakesgreattabletsmightsoundstrangetosomeonenottoofamiliarwiththeirdevices,butthecompanyhasmadesomeinterestingstrideswithtablets.Andmuchliketheirphones,Samsunghasawidevarietyintheirproducts,withtheveryaffordableTabA7/A8,tothehigh-endflagshipS8ultra.Soifyou’reteamAndroidasopposedtoApple,Samsungisprobablythewaytogo.Besttablet:SamsungGalaxyTabS8UltraMicrosoftMicrosofthastraditionallybeenamajorplayerincomputingsoit’snoshockthattheyalsomakewell-designedandmorethancapabletablets—theMicrosoftSurface.WiththeideaoftheSurfacetabletsbeinga2-in-1device,atabletthatcanfunctionallyrunlikealaptop,runningwindows,andfeaturingbasicallythesameprocessorsthatyou’dfindinalaptop.Andwithanadditionalkeyboard,greatdisplaysandlongbatterylife,theSurfacetabletsmakeforgreatmachinesforworkorplayrespectively.Besttablet:MicrosoftSurfacePro8AmazonAmazondoesindeedmaketabletsand,they’recapabletoo.Amazon’sFireHDtabletsarefirmlyinthebudgettabletrangebutthatdoesn’tmakethemlesscapable.Intermsofsize,theyrangefromsevenuptoteninchesandevenincludeakids’tabletfortheyoungones.Soifyouprefertabletsoverteninches,youmaybewantingtolookelsewhere.Butallinall,they’reagoodshoutforafirst-timetabletbuyerthatisn’tlookingtospendafewhundredpoundsonadevice,butstillwantstowatchvideosorbrowsethewebonthego.Besttablet:AmazonFireHD10plus*Thispostcontainsafiliatelinks,sowemayearnasmallfeewhenyoumakeapurchasethroughlinksonoursiteatnoadditionalcosttoyou.29.Tosatisfybothworkandentertainmentpurposes,whichtabletwouldaconsumermostprobablychoose?A.iPadPro-12.9’’.B.SamsungGalaxyTabS8Ultra.C.MicrosoftSurfacePro8.D.AmazonFireHHplus.30.Whichtabletisthemostsuitableforafamilyonatightbudgetwhoprefersmallsizes?A.iPadPro-12.9’’.B.SamsungGalaxyTabS8Ultra.C.MicrosoftSurfacePro8.D.AmazonFireHD10plus.31.Whatisthepurposeofthispieceofwriting?A.Toranktabletcomputerbrandsaccordingtoproducers.B.Toencouragereaderstopurchasetabletsviatheirwebsite.C.Toinformreadersaboutthelatestmodelsoftablets.DTocarryoutaproductinvestigation..Howisitthatsiblings(兄弟姐妹)canturnoutsodifferently?Oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupinadifferentfamily.Thefirstbornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachother’slives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren’tgettingthesameone-on-onetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Later-bornsdon’tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween“I”and“me”.ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Love-haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedformtheirparents.(375words)32.Theunderlinedpart“inadifferentfamily”(inPara.1)means.A.inadifferentfamilyenvironmentB.inadifferentfamilytraditionC.indifferentfamilycrisesD.indifferentfamilies33.Intermsoflanguagedevelopment,later-borns.A.gettheirparents’individualguidanceB.learnalotfromtheireldersiblingsC.experiencealotofdifficultiesD.pickupwordsmorequickly34.Whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings?A.Siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying.B.Siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently.CSiblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships.D.Siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights..Directions:CompletethefollowingpassagebyTheLastStraw?Everysecond,theworlduses160,000plasticbags—thatisatotalofoverfivetrillionperyear.Upto99percentoftheseplasticbagshangaroundforatleast1,000yearsandpolluteEarth.Andyet,plasticbagsarehardlyanecessityinourlives.Ofallthechangeswecouldmaketocreateamoresustainablelifestyle,atotalbanonplasticbagsshouldbesimple.Atthebeginningof2021,Shanghaiputineffectabanonallplasticbagsinshoppingmallsandsupermarkets,aswellasabanonnon-degradableplasticsinmanyotherareas.Overtheyears,individualsandcompanieshaveworkedtoreplaceplasticitems,suchascupsandstraws,withpaperones.35.Customerscomplainthatpaperstrawsoftenbecomesoftandbreakbeforetheycanfinishtheirhotdrinks.Experts,however,haverepeatedlystressedplasticsubstitutes(替代品)arenottheultimatesolution,andthatourconsumptionhabitsneedabiggerchange.Incollege,oneofmyenvironmentalscienceprofessorspromotedatypeofwaste-freeliving.Shecarriedaroundasmallglassjarwithher,andinitwasallhertrashshecollectedfortheentireyear.ShewasabletodothisbybringingherowncuptoStarbucks,herownbagstotheshops,andneverbuyinganythingthatcamewrappedinplastic.Herfoodwastealsobecamecompost.36.Plasticbagsareincrediblyeasytoforgetaboutwhentheybecomeincreasinglycommon.37.Oncetheyareinthetrash,wetakeitforgrantedthattheyaresomeoneelse’sproblem.Thesadfactisthatplasticbagsbreakdownintomicroplasticswhichthengetmixedintotheair,soilandwater,andeventuallyendupinplants,animals,andourveryownhumanbodies.Sowhatareyougoingtodoaboutthem?A.Clearlyshedemonstratedourabilitytoliveacompletelyhealthylifewithoutcreatingagreatdealofplasticwaste.B.Plasticbaglitterhasevencausedgreatproblemsinsomeareas.C.Ifthey’refreetouseandeasilydisposedof,they’reameretoolthatwedon’thavetothinkabout.D.Someofthesedecisionshavebeenmetwithcriticism.E.Unfortunately,suchahighlevelofpollutiondoesn’tcomewithoutconsequences.38.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。HowtoDealwithPressuresatSchoolAsahighschoolstudent,ifyouarefeelingstressedoutorfrustratedbyteachers,classmates,orschoolwork，itisimportanttoknowthatyouaren'ttheonlyone．Believeitornot，everyonehasthesefeelingsatsomepoint，andeveryoneshouldlearnhowtodealwiththemproperly.Firstofall，youneedtokeepapositiveattitudeandnottakethingstoheart．Thatsomeonegotabettergradethanyoudoesn'tmeanthattheyaresmarter—perhapstheystudiedlongerorknewthematerialmore．It'seasytobecomefrustratedifyouarenotdoingaswellasyourfriends，butbeingoptimisticwillhelpyoudealwithfuturesimilarsituations.Secondly，ifstudentsatschoolarebullyingyou，knowwhentostandupforyourself．Don'tletotherclassmatesmakeyoufeelthatyouarenotgoodenough．Theyaresimplyinsecureanddonotknowhowtodealwiththepressuresofschool．Theyarejusttryingtomakeothersfeelbad，sotheycanfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Lastly，itisnecessarytokeepthingscorrectly．Foranysituationthatisstressful，takeasecondlookfromadifferentpointofview．WhenIlookbacktothefrustrationsofmyhighschooldays，Inoticethatmanyofthemseemveryunimportanttomenow.It'snoteasytobeconfidentwhentherearesomanystudentswhoseemlikethey"haveitall"，buttrytorealizethatyou,too,aregoodenough.It’snotacompetitionaboutwhoissmarter,morebeautiful—everyoneisdifferent—sobelieveyourindividuality._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Directions:Translatethefollowings39.这项发明使她在学术圈内获得赞誉。(gain)(汉译英)40.研究表明，每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处。(highlybeneficial)(汉译英)41.这位年轻教授嘴上说欢迎各种意见，但其实他对于别人的批评很敏感。(claim)(汉译英)42.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是启明中学（MingQiMiddleSchool）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。启事国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000有意者请来信告知：1）你个人的基本情况；2）你对申请项目的基本设想；3）项目经费的使用计划。联系方式:2022hope@_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海市华东师范大学张江实验中学【答案】1.Recorded2.spread3.tocreate4.on5.because6.which7.moving【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了背景音乐看似无害，但却能对听众产生强大的影响。考查非谓语动词。句意：录制的背景音乐最早进入美国的工厂、商店和餐馆。分析句子结构可知，record与逻辑主语backgroundmusic构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Recorded。【2题详解】考查时态。句意：但它很快就传播到了世界其他地方。描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填spread。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，背景音乐只是为了营造一种舒适的氛围。固定短语intendtodosth.表示“为了”。故填tocreate。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：快一点对销售没有任何影响。固定短语onsales表示“销售”，故填on。【5题详解】考查状语从句。句意：这可能是因为购物者放慢了速度，有更多的机会寻找他们喜欢购买的东西。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，应用because。故填because。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，缓慢的音乐意味着顾客需要更长的时间吃饭，这降低了销售额。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代上文整个句子，作从句主语，应用which引导。故填which。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，建议餐馆老板播放快节奏的音乐，让顾客动起来。此处move与customers构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填moving。【答案】8.B9.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒网红是如何影响我们的购买行为的。【8题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些名人代言可能并不完全是随机的，实际上它们被视为营销过程中至关重要的一部分。副词totally后用形容词，在句中作表语，形容词random为“随机的”之意。结合句意，故选B。【9题详解】考查名词。句意：首先，它们可以用来建立品牌意识。句中用名词作动词build的宾语。名词awareness为“意识”之意。结合句意，故选F。【10题详解】考查形容词。句意：一个社交媒体影响者应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的理解，因此可以创建吸引人的内容，不仅能坚持品牌形象，还能激发粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣。名词content前用形容词修饰。形容词engaging为“有吸引力的”之意。结合句意，故选D。考查动词。句意：其次，有影响力的人可以改善公司或产品与其客户群的关系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词improve为改善”之意。结合句意，故选H。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：一个受欢迎的名人可以瞄准关键人群，谈论或写博客谈论一种产品，这可以与消费者建立一种即时而持久的联系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词target为瞄准”之意。结合句意，故选A。考查副词。句意：最后，有影响力的人可以用看似“公正的意见”来改善客户的购买习惯。句中用副词形式作状语。副词seemingly为“似乎；看起来”之意。结合句意，故选C。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：所以，下次你看到名人谈论产品时，你可能要考虑这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在满足你的核心需求。修饰形容词crafted，前用副词修饰。副词carefully为“仔细地，精心地”之意。结合句意，故选E。【答案】15.C16.B17.A18.C19.B20.D21.B22.B23.C24.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。A.intangible不可捉摸的；B.available可获得的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.incredible难以置信的。根据第一段“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Newresearchsuggeststhat,toalargedegree,thereasonforthe“badfood”mightjustbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.(你有多少次抱怨过飞机餐没有味道？新的研究表明，在很大程度上，“坏食物”的原因可能只是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，研究的主要内容是为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。故选C。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气要干燥15%。A.originally起初；B.normally正常地；C.respectively分别；D.flexibly灵活地。根据后文“breathewhileontheground”指地面上正常呼吸。故选B。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在我们踏上飞机的那一刻，气味就开始变差了。A.Scent香味，气味；B.Sight视力；C.Flavor风味；D.Breath呼吸。根据上文“Inanenvironmentlikethis,ourpowersofsmellbegintodriftaway.(在这样的环境中，我们的嗅觉能力开始减弱)”可知，嗅觉减弱，气味就开始变差了。故选A。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。A.rewarding有益的；B.amusing有趣的；C.appetizing开胃的；D.astonishing令人吃惊的。根据上文“Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingfoodtasteless”可知，肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过刺激鼻子的感觉细胞，这些空气中的分子在品尝过程中发挥着重要作用。A.adjusting调整；B.stimulating刺激；C.evaluating评估；D.consuming消耗。根据常识可知，空气中的分子会刺激鼻子的感觉细胞。故选B。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反；D.Moreover此外。后文在继续说明飞机餐没有吸引力的其它原因。故选D。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A.movement活动；B.noise噪音；C.strike打击；D.problem问题。根据后文“loudnoises”可知，这种是噪音。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员发现，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。A.spreadout展开；B.holdback抑制；C.takeaway带走；D.pullover停车。结合常识可知，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。A.complex复杂的；B.crucial重要的；C.easy容易的；D.ethical道德的。根据上文“Allthatbeingsaid,“badfood”can’tbeblamedsolelyonthein-cabinconditions.(话虽如此，“糟糕的食物”不能完全归咎于机舱内的条件)”可推知，为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。A.requirement要求；B.argument争论；C.improvement改善；D.treatment治疗。根据上文“Allmealsmustbecookedontheground,whichdemandsthatthefoodberobust.(所有的饭菜都必须在地上煮，这就要求食物要结实)”可知，这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。故选A。【答案】25.D26.A27.B28.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国鸽子屋的历史演变以及鸽子在过去的作用。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Chemistsinmid-1500sNuremburghaddiscoveredthatbirddroppingswerearichsourceofsaltpetre,avitalingredientinthemakingofgunpowder.(16世纪中期纽伦堡的化学家发现鸟粪中含有丰富的硝石，而硝石是制造火药的重要原料)”可知，火药制作者会养鸽子获取硝石；第二段中“Droppingsgatheredfromthepigeonhouseswasarichfertilizer,too.(从鸽舍里收集的粪便也是一种丰富的肥料)”可知，农民会养鸽子获取肥料；以及第三段中“Theprivilegeofbuildingorowningpigeonhouseswasreservedfortherich.(建造或拥有鸽舍的特权是留给富人的)”可知富人养鸽子，因此可知在中世纪晚期，英国矿工最不可能养鸽子。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Luckily,anagriculturalrevolutionary,CharlesTownsend,hadintroducedtheturniptoBritainaround1700,keepingfarmlivestockfatenoughtoeatthroughthedarkwintermonths.(幸运的是，一位名叫查尔斯·汤森的农业革命者在1700年左右将萝卜引入了英国，使农场牲畜有足够的脂肪来吃，以度过黑暗的冬季)”可推知，在英国，在黑暗的冬季月份里，农场的牲畜因缺乏食物而过于瘦弱。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“OnespeciesdiscoveredthatBritain’srapidlygrowingtownsandcitieswerefullofthesortofrock-facestheylikedtoreston—humanscalledthem“buildings”.Overtimethey’dbecomethewildurbanpigeonthatweknowtoday.(其中一个物种发现，英国快速发展的城镇到处都是它们喜欢栖息的那种岩壁——人们称它们为“建筑物”。随着时间的推移，它们变成了我们今天所知道的野生城市鸽子。)”可知，今天英国的城市里有这么多鸽子是因为鸽子喜欢呆在坚硬的表面上，在城市里可以找到很多坚硬的建筑物。故选B。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chemistsinmid-1500sNuremburghaddiscoveredthatbirddroppingswerearichsourceofsaltpetre,avitalingredientinthemakingofgunpowder.Asaconsequencepigeondroppingsusedtobealmostasvaluableassilver.Understandably,bythemiddleofthefollowingcentury,therewereanestimated26,000pigeonhousesinBritain.(16世纪中期纽伦堡的化学家发现鸟粪中含有丰富的硝石，而硝石是制造火药的重要原料。因此，鸽子粪便过去几乎和白银一样值钱。可以理解的是，到下个世纪中叶，英国估计有26000个鸽子屋)”并结合下文主要说明了英国鸽子屋的历史演变以及鸽子在过去的作用。可推断A选项“英国鸽子屋的简史”最符合文章标题。故选A。【答案】29.C30.D31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个品牌的笔记本电脑。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据Microsoft部分中“Andwithanadditionalkeyboard,greatdisplaysandlongbatterylife,theSurfacetabletsmakeforgreatmachinesforworkorplayrespectively.(加上额外的键盘、出色的显示屏和较长的电池续航时间，Surface平板电脑可以分别成为工作和娱乐的好机器)”可知，要同时满足工作和娱乐的目的，消费者最有可能选择MicrosoftSurfacePro8。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Butallinall,they’reagoodshoutforafirst-timetabletbuyerthatisn’tlookingtospendafewhundredpoundsonadevice,butstillwantstowatchvideosorbrowsethewebonthego.(但总而言之，对于那些不打算花几百英镑购买平板电脑，但仍想在旅途中观看视频或浏览网页的首次购买平板电脑的人来说，这是一个不错的选择)”可知，AmazonFireHD10plus最适合预算紧张、喜欢小尺寸的家庭。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“*Thispostcontainsaffiliatelinks,sowemayearnasmallfe