2026秋学期初高衔接英语讲义衔接点28 阅读理解常考四类题型追踪之推理题、主旨大意题（解析版）

衔接点28阅读理解四类题型追踪之推理+主旨大意题

初中视角高中展望

篇幅长度：单篇约200-300词，结构清晰。篇幅长度：单篇约300-400词，部分高考真题

题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通可达450词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。

知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化

语言难度：词汇以课标1600词为主，长难批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术

句少，多简单句或并列句。语、社会科学概念）。

题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占比语言难度：词汇量提升至3000+（课标词汇+

60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插

找。入语）。

衔接引导

初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用

文或说明文为主，细节题居多。

高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、

推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。

【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】

一、四大核心考点

1.细节理解（占比最高）：定位5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改

数据。

2.推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。

3.主旨大意：概括段意/全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。

4.词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。

二、常考文体侧重

记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。

三、常规设题类型

细节题、推理题、主旨标题题、词义指代题。

三．推理判断题

要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约20%，常见题干：Whatcan

weinfer...?

[示例](节选)

Amongdifferentartstylesofdoughfigurinesalloverthecountry,DoughFigurineLang,createdbyLang

Shao’an,isanartunique(独特的)toBeijing.ThesubjectofDoughFigurineLangismainlyaboutdescribingthe

realtraditionallifeofBeijingers.MianrenLanghastopskillsintheartofmakingdoughfigurines.

________Youshouldbecalm,carefulandquick.Ifyourhandmovescarelessly,youwillmakemistakes.So

keepcalm.Thenyoushouldfindtherightplacetostickthenoseandotherpartson.Youmustbequick,orelse,the

doughgetsdryanduseless.

37．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputinthe________.

A．Itneedsmanystepstofinishawonderfuldoughfigurine.

B．Tomakeadoughfigurine,youshouldmasterthebasicskills.

C．Anartistofdoughfigurinesshouldbecreativeineverystep.

D．Youshouldmakealotofpreparationsbeforemakingadoughfigurine.

【答案】37．B

【导语】本文介绍了面人艺术的历史和特点，以及北京的一种独特的面人艺术形式——面人郎。

37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Youshouldbecalm,carefulandquick.Ifyourhandmovescarelessly,youwill

make…Youmustbequick,orelse,thedoughgetsdryanduseless.”可知，这一段主要讲述了制作面人需要掌握

的技巧。故选B。

四．主旨大意题

需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：mainidea,purpose,besttitle。

[示例](节选)

Howaredriverlesscarssafer?Firstly,driverlesscarscanhelpmanagetraffic.Byusingcommunication

technologiesto“talk”toeachother,driverlesscarsfindthebestroads.Informationsuchasdistance（距离）between

cars,trafficandtimeissenttothecars.Thismeansfewerchancesofthesecarsrunningintoeachother.Secondly,

theuseofdriverlesscarsmeansfeweraccidentswillhappenbecauseofhumanmistakes.Forexample,accidents

causedbylittlesleepordrunkdrivingwillbeavoided.Finally,thedriverlesstechnologyofthefuture,isexpected

tobemorereliable（可靠）thanahumandriver.

40．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A．Thecauseofroaddeaths.B．Themanagementoftraffic.

C．Thesafetyofdriverlesscars.D．Thedevelopmentofdriverlesstechnology.

【答案】40．C

【导语】本文主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术。

40．段落大意题。根据“Howaredriverlesscarssafer?”可知，第4段主要是关于“无人驾驶汽车的安全”。故选

C。

【高中考点聚焦】

课标解读

考点聚焦：“信息加工能力”，即能否对文中信息进行分析、推理、概括，形成深层理解。

题型侧重：深层理解题占比提升：推理题（infer,imply）、主旨题（mainidea）、词义猜测题、作者态度题

合计占比50%以上。细节题考查更隐蔽：答案需整合多个句子信息，或通过同义替换呈现（如题干用

“accelerate”，原文用“speedup”）。

能力要求：分析篇章结构（如总分总、对比论证），理解段落间逻辑关系（因果、让步、例证）。推断作

者隐含意图，概括抽象主旨（如从具体案例提炼社会现象本质）。

高中主流常规阅读题型（全国卷高考标准题型）

阅读理解四选一（A/B/C/D四篇，常规阅读）

标准设问分类：

1.细节题：Whatcanwelearnabout...?Accordingtothepassage...

2.推理题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat...;Whatdoesthewriterimply...

3.主旨题：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Besttitle;What’sthepurposeofthepassage?

4.词义句意题：Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans...

5.态度题：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?

初高中阅读核心差异总结

1.难度层级初中：表层信息为主，推理浅显，句子简短直白；高中：长难句密集，长难篇章，侧重深

层逻辑与思辨，同义替换是常态。

2.考查重心初中：信息查找能力；高中：逻辑思维、批判性解读、文化理解、语篇整体分析。

3.设题陷阱初中陷阱直白；高中选项强干扰，易混项需要比对原文证据，依靠逻辑排除。

考点清单

考点三：阅读理解推理判断题

一）：推断隐含意义

(1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息

去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效

信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌

凭空想象。

[示例1](节选)

Itiseasyforustoknowthedifferencebetweenourfriendsandourenemies.Butcanotheranimalsdothe

same?Elephantscan!Theycanusetheirsenseofvisionandsmelltotellthedifferencebetweenpeoplewhoposea

threatandthosewhodonot.

InKenya,researchersfindthatelephantsreactdifferentlytoclothingwornbymenoftheMaasaiandKamba

ethnicgroups.YoungMaasaimenspear(刺)animalsandthusposeathreattoelephants;Kambamenarcmainly

farmersandarenotadangertoelephants.

Theresearchersbelievethattheelephants’emotionalreactionsareduetotheirdifferentsensesofthesmells

andthesights.Smellingapotentialdangermeansthatathreatisnearbyandthebestthingtodoisrunawayand

hide.Seeingapotentialthreatwithoutitssmellmeansthatriskislow.Therefore,insteadofshowingfearand

runningaway,theelephantsexpresstheirangerandbecomeaggressive.

8．Whatcharacterdoestheauthorwanttoexpressaboutelephants

A．Clever.B．Friendly.C．Dangerous.D．Naughty.

【答案】8．A

8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Itiseasyforustoknowthedifferencebetweenourfriendsandourenemies.Butcan

otheranimalsdothesame?Elephantscan!(我们很容易知道朋友和敌人之间的区别。但其他动物也能做到吗？

大象可以！)”可知，大象也可以分辨出朋友和敌人，所以它们非常聪明。故选A。

[示例2](节选)

SamanthaGotwaltandBlaydeReich,twoseniorMechanicalEngineeringmajorsatYorkCollegeinthe

group,bothfoundtheworktobequitefascinating.AccordingtoSamantha,theideacamefromaYorkCollege

professor,whohasworkedwithdrones,andwantedtogetstudentsinvolvedwithaprojectbeneficialtothe

community.“Wereallywanttohelpfarmingandagriculture.It’ssuper-importanttoAmericaandoureconomy,”

Blaydesays.“Wewanttohelpthesmallerfarmers,andoneofthebenefitsisnothavingtospendtheirmoneyon

fertilizerandpesticides(杀虫剂).”

Theideaistodesignandbuildadronethatwilltakevideoimageryofthefieldstodeterminewhatisneeded

toproducethebestcrop,whilesavingmoneyandsparingtheenvironmentbyreducingpollutantsintherunoff

water.Ideally,thatdatagainedwillhelpthefarmersbetterdeterminewhatchemicalstheyneed—andwhatthey

don’t.

Whatcanbestdescribethestudents?

A．Responsibleandcreative.B．Experiencedandgenerous.

C．Brilliantandgrateful.D．Reliableandrealistic.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的““Wereallywanttohelpfarmingandagriculture.It’ssuper-importantto

Americaandoureconomy,”Blaydesays.“Wewanttohelpthesmallerfarmers,andoneofthebenefitsisnot

havingtospendtheirmoneyonfertilizerandpesticides(杀虫剂).”(“我们真的想帮助务农和农业。这对美国和我

们的经济来说非常重要”，布莱德说。“我们想帮助小农户，其中一个好处是不必把钱花在化肥和杀虫剂上。”)”

可推知，他们是有责任心的，结合第三段中“Theideaistodesignandbuildadronethatwilltakevideoimagery

ofthefieldstodeterminewhatisneededtoproducethebestcrop,whilesavingmoneyandsparingtheenvironment

byreducingpollutantsintherunoffwater.(这个想法是设计和建造一架无人机，该无人机将拍摄田地的视频图

像，以确定生产最佳作物所需的条件，同时通过减少径流水中的污染物来节省资金并保护环境。)”可推知，

他们是有创造力的。故选A项。

二）：推断写作意图

(1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲

理展开；

(2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言；

(3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句；

(4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。

[示例1](节选)

Iwrotemyfirstshortstoryattheageoften.Backthen,magazineswouldhaveabackpagefullofadsfor

everything,oneofwhichcalledforcontributions.So,Itookapenandmynotebookandwroteastory.Ihaveno

memoryofwhatthestorywasabout.Iseemtorememberitwassixorsevenpageslonginmyschoolboy

handwriting.WhenIputitintoastandardenvelope,itbroketheenvelope.Mymomstrengtheneditandputan

extrastamponit“justtobesafe”.Iputitinthemailboxandwaited.Andwaited!

Finally,itcame.Theresponse,“Weareconfidentthatwecanfindasuitablepublisher(出版商)foryour

highlyattractivestory.Pleasesendus$50byreturnpostandwecangetstartedtoday.”Myexcitementdisappeared.

Thatmomentmarkedtheendofmycreativewriting.Iputmypenandnotebookawayanddidn’twriteanother

Itookheradviceandneverlookedback.Inmyeyes,I’masuccessfulwriter.I’vehadmanystoriesand

articlesappearinpublicationsIadmire,andI’veearnedafewawardsovertheyears.Idon’tbelieveinanything

thatstopsawriterwriting—Ithinkit’sanexcuse.

7．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A．Tointroducedifferentwaysofwritingstories.

B．Todescribehislongandwindingjourneyofwriting.

C．Toteachreadershowtodealwithfailureinwriting.

D．Toshowthedifficultyofbecomingasuccessfulwriter.

【答案】7．B

7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Iwrotemyfirstshortstoryattheageoften.(我十岁时写了我的

第一篇短篇小说。)”、第二段中“Thatmomentmarkedtheendofmycreativewriting.Iputmypenandnotebook

awayanddidn’twriteanotherwordthatwasn’tpartofschoolworkfor15years.(那一刻标志着我创造性写作的

结束。我把笔和笔记本收起来，在接下来的15年里，除了学校作业，我一个字也没写。)”、第四段中“Iwas

46yearsoldwhenmywifeandIwerehavingaconversationonedayaboutregrets.ItoldherIalwaysthoughtthat

Iwantedtobeawriter.(我46岁的时候，有一天我和妻子在谈论遗憾。我告诉她，我一直以为我想成为一名

作家。)”以及第五段中“Itookheradviceandneverlookedback.Inmyeyes,I’masuccessfulwriter.(我采纳了她

的建议，再也没有回头。在我看来，我是一个成功的作家。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者从十岁开始写作，

经历了一段漫长的中断后，在妻子的鼓励下重新开始写作，并最终成为一名成功作家的经历，由此可推知，

作者写这篇文章是为了描述他漫长而曲折的写作之旅。故选B项。

[示例2](节选)

Don’tbringmeat,meatproducts,milkanddairyproducts

fromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!

AbanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbroughtintoFinlandbytravelersororderedand

sentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.

Ifyouhavefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryor

contactCustoms!

Whomisthisnoticeintendedfor?

A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.

C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EUcountries.

【答案B

[解析]写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的

通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构

发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…eveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintended

asgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.”提到，即使你是私人

肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防

控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。

三）：推断观点态度

(1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观

点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国

家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。

[示例1](节选)

However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculture

whichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.

Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.

Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowin

orachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseI

reallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,that

wouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetrue

competitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectrelieson

howwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoften

troublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.

4．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?

A．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.

B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.

C．Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.

D．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.

【答案】4．A

4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscover

anewmeaningincompetition.(只有当这种基本且经常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消散时，我们才能在竞争中发现新

的意义)”可知，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧，才能发现竞争的新意义。由此推知，作者可能同

意的观点是“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。故选A项。

[示例2](节选)

Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenone

ofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthow

muchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A．Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.

B．Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.

C．Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.

D．People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.

答案A

[解析]推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabout

howmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.”知穷人的生活将会变更好。

四）：推断文章出处和目标读者

(1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；

(2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；

(3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；

(4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；

(5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；

(6)网络：文体不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等网络标志语。

[示例1](节选)

ItisapopularviewpointthattimespentonlineisbadforourhealthbecausesurfingtheInternetorchecking

ourphonessometimestakesusawayfromactivitieswhichareconsideredhealthier,suchasplayingsportsor

socializing.Asthedigitaleconomydevelops,suchbehaviorisoftenlinkedtoreducedwell-being.

However,anewglobalstudyhasfoundasurprisinganswer:TheInternetmightbegoodforyou.The

UniversityofOxfordresearchersstudieddataonthepsychological(心理的)well-beingofover2millionpeople

across168countriesbetween2006and2021.Theylookedat8indicators(标志)ofwell-beingamongthe

individuals,whowereaged15to99,includinglifesatisfaction,dailynegativeandpositiveexperiencesand

physicalhealth.Theresearchersappliedwell-beingindicatorstotesttherelationshipbetweenInternetuseand

well-beingoutcomes.TheyfoundthatInternetaccesswasrelatedtopositivewell-beingamongsomepeople.

18．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoureadthepassage?

A．SportandHealth.B．EconomyandLife.

C．FoodandCulture.D．TechnologyandSociety.

【答案】18．D

18．推理判断题。根据第一段“Itisapopularviewpointthattimespentonlineisbadforourhealthbecausesurfing

theInternetorcheckingourphonessometimestakesusawayfromactivitieswhichareconsideredhealthier,such

asplayingsportsorsocializing.Asthedigitaleconomydevelops,suchbehaviorisoftenlinkedtoreduced

well-being.(人们普遍认为，上网时间对健康有害，因为浏览互联网或查看手机有时会让我们远离被认为更健

康的活动，比如运动或社交。随着数字经济的发展，这种行为常被认为与幸福感下降相关)”和第二段“The

researchersappliedwell-beingindicatorstotesttherelationshipbetweenInternetuseandwell-beingoutcomes.

TheyfoundthatInternetaccesswasrelatedtopositivewell-beingamongsomepeople.(研究人员运用幸福感指标

来检验互联网使用与幸福感结果之间的关系。他们发现，互联网接入与部分人群的积极幸福感相关)”可知，

全文围绕互联网使用与心理健康的关系、社交媒体对年轻人影响展开，属于“科技与社会”范畴。故选D项。

[示例2](节选)

Pak50·57minutesago

Whynotgiveitatry?Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrainis

saidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused，hetookouthis

Frenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.

Taodas·29minutesago

Ididreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart，and

wechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdinburgh.

Sophie76·13minutesago

Ihavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，but，severalyearsago，Ireadsome

chaptersfromHarryPottertomyboredandnoisychildren.Severalpassengersseemedtoappreciate

whatIdid.

Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?

A．Awebpage.B．Anewspaper.C．Anovel.D．Areport.

答案A

[解析]文章出处题。根据文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。

考点四：阅读理解主旨大意题

一）、段落大意题

每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应

尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。

[示例1]

Thefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,weremember

thembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnot

suchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfor

differentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostnever

forgetaface.

Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout___________________________.

A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskills

B.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblems

C.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’faces

D.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication

【答案】.B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,while

othersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，

第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。

二）、文章大意题

每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出

现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。

[示例1](节选)

TodecidehowtogetaroundinBeijingrequiresweighingcostandconvenience.Atraditionalbusmeasures

upwellinbothcriteria.SincelastyearI’vegivenupdrivingandtakenthebustoworkeveryday,whichhas

arousedquiteabitofcuriosityamongcolleaguesbecausebusridingisstillararityinmyoffice.

Myeasyexplanationaboutthechangeisthatafternavigatingthestreetsinoneofthemostcongested

capitalsintheworldformorethanadecade,I’mtiredofdriving,andtakingthebusallowsmetothinkbeforemy

workstarts.Ialsoliketobegivenaridehomeafteralong,roughday.

Abustripcosts0.4yuanor6—7centswiththeuseofastoredvaluecard,whichisalmostfreeifyou

consideraCokecostsfivetimesthatormore.Beijinghasafixedsubwayfarewithunlimitedtransfersof2yuan

persingle-tripticket.Iwouldtakethemorecomfortablesubway,ifitwasclosertomyhomeandworkplace.

4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．TopersuadethecitizensinBeijingtochoosepublictransports.

B．TodescribehowterriblethetrafficandairinBeijingare.

C．Topresentanddefendhischoiceincommuting.

D．Tocomparedifferentmethodsoftransportations.

【答案】4．C

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历，通过对比开车和选择公共交通的优缺点，解释自己

选择后者通勤的原因，并回应同事的质疑。

4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“SincelastyearI’vegivenupdrivingandtakenthebustoworkevery

day,whichhasarousedquiteabitofcuriosityamongcolleaguesbecausebusridingisstillararityinmyoffice.(从

去年开始，我放弃了开车，每天都坐公交车上班，这引起了同事们的不小的好奇，因为在我的办公室坐公

交车还是很少见的)”、第二段中“Myeasyexplanationaboutthechange(我对这种变化的简单解释)”、第五段

中“Perhapseverybodywouldbemoreconvinced(也许每个人都会更相信)”可知，全文围绕作者为何选公共交

通展开，包括省钱、放松、健康益处等，其主要目的是解释并辩护其通勤选择。故选C项。

[示例2](节选)

Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.We

livecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.

B.Theevolutionofpeople’sattitudetowardsbusyness.

C.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople’sbusyness.

D.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhow

muchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.“很

多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生

活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。

故选C。

三）、标题归纳题

标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些

贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。

[示例1](节选)

RussellCassevah,whohasastrongloveforLego,hasfoundtheperfectwayofspreadingjoy,onelittle

blockatatime.Cassevahstartedanationwidemission(使命)tobringjoytochildreninhospitals.Hisnon-profit

organization,LittleBricksCharity,bringssetsofLEGO,andsmiles,tochildren’shospitals.Throughhisnon-profit

organization,Cassevahhasfoundhispurposeinlife.

Cassevahhasprovidedsmilesandjoyformanychildrenfacingchallengingsituations.WitheachLEGOset

hedelivers,heaimstospark(激发)creativityandimaginationthatcanhopefullystillbepartoftheyoungpatients’

livesandminds.

14．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Makingadifferenceblockbyblock

B．Meetingchildreninhospitals

C．LettingchildrenloveLEGOs

D．Passingloveonebyone

【答案】14．A

14．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第一段首句“RussellCassevah,whohasastrongloveforLego,has

foundtheperfectwayofspreadingjoy,onelittleblockatatime.(RussellCassevah对乐高有着强烈的热爱，他找

到了一种完美的方式来传播快乐，一次一块乐高积木地传播快乐)”以及文章末尾段落中“WitheachLEGOset

hedelivers,heaimstosparkcreativityandimaginationthatcanhopefullystillbepartoftheyoungpatients’lives

andminds.(在每次交付一套乐高积木时，他都希望能激发孩子们的创造力和想象力，希望能让这些创造力和

想象力仍能融入到这些小患者们的生活中和思维中)”可知，全文围绕Cassevah通过一次一小块乐高积木向

儿童病患传递快乐和改变展开，选项A“Makingadifferenceblockbyblock(通过一块块乐高积木创造改变)”

贴合主题，可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。

[示例2](节选)

ButDisney’sstoryactuallystartedtwodecadesearlierwithwhatWaltDisneycalled"Daddy’sDay".On

Saturdaysinthe1930sand1940s,DisneywouldtakehistwodaughterstoridetheGriffithParkmerry-go-round,

whichthey’denjoywhilehesatonabenchdreamingofwaysforfamiliestohavefuntogether.Disneydislikedthe

amusementparkstheyoftenvisited,seeingthemasdirty,unimaginativeplacesrunbyrudeemployees.

Disneylandopenedthen.The5,000expectedguestsincreasedto28,154,thankstofaketickets.Afterthe

madnessofopeningday,Disneyandhisnewparkwerecriticizedinthepress.Themediapredictedaquickand

earlyend.Butthepublicdidn’tlisten.Visitorsarrivedinlargegroups,andwithinweeksDisneylandwasasuccess.

Oversixtyyearslater,Disneyland’spopularitycontinuestogrow,withtotaloverallattendancetopping700

millionandshowingnosignsofslowingdown.

Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Disneyland:HowItAllBeganB.Disneyland:AnOvernightSuccess

C.Disneyland:HowItDevelopedD.Disneyland:AParkwithaLongHistory

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“ButDisney’sstoryactuallystartedtwodecadesearlierwithwhat

WaltDisneycalled"Daddy’sDay".”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）

和倒数第二段第一句“Disneylandopenedthen.”迪士尼开业了可知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成

的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园:一切是如何开始的”。故选A项。

一·说明文

(A)

MASTEROFDISGUISE

Octopusesarefamousfortheirroundbodies,bigeyes,andeightarms.Therearemanydifferenttypesof

octopuses,butallarealikeinoneway:Theyaremasters’ofdisguise.Octopusescanchangetheirappearancein

lessthanasecondtolooklikerocks,plants,orevenotheranimals.Howdotheydothis?

Anoctopuscandisguiseitselfinthreeways.Oneisbyusingcolor.Anoctopus’sskinhasspecialcellscalled

chromatophores.Thesecellsarefilledwithyellow,brown,andredpigment.Whenanoctopusmovesitsmusclesa

certainway,thecellsbecomelargeandproducecolorfulspotsandotherpatternsonitsskin.Chromatophores(色素

体)canalsoreflectlight.Inbluelight,forexample,anoctopus’sskinwilllookblue.Inwhitelight,itsskinwill

lookwhite.Withthesecells,anoctopuscanproducemanydifferentskincolorsandpatterns.

Anoctopuscanalsochangeitsskintexture.Whentheoctopusmovesitsmuscles,itsskincangofrom

smoothtospiky.Itmightthenlooklikeaplant,orcoral.Anotherwayanoctopusdisguisesitselfisbychangingits

shape.Some,forexample,rolltheirbodiesintoballssotheylooklikerocks.Onetypeofoctopuscanchangeits

formtolooklikeotherseacreatures—especiallydangerousones,suchasseasnakes.

Whyareoctopusessogoodatdisguisingthemselves?Theyhavetobe.Theoceanisnotasafeplacefor

them.Becausetheyhavenobonesintheirbodies,octopusesarelikelargepiecesofmeat.Manypredatorswantto

eatthem—andtheycaneatthemwhole.Tosurvive,octopuseshavedevelopedtheamazingabilitytochangetheir

appearanceveryquicklyinordertohidefrompredators.

1．Whatwouldbethebestalternativetitleforthispassage?

A．TheMindofanOctopusB．HowanOctopusHides

C．OctopusesintheOceanEcosystemD．TheSecretLivesofOctopuses

2．WhichofthesesentencesisNOTtrue?

A．Chromatophoresarelight-reflectingcells.

B．Chromatophorescanchangeinsize.

C．Chromatophoresproduceananimal’sskintexture.

D．Chromatophorescontaindifferentpigments.

3．Inparagraph3,theauthorsuggeststhatsomecorals________.

A．canchangetheircolorB．canrollthemselvesintoballs

C．havespikyoutersurfacesD．candisguisethemselvesasoctopuses

4．OctopuseshaveexcellentDISGUISEabilities.Fromthis,wecaninferthat________.

A．Octopusesareatthetopoftheoceanfoodchain.

B．Octopusesusetheircamouflage(伪装)mainlyforhuntingotheranimals.

C．Camouflageisacrucialsurvivalstrategyforoctopusesinadangerousoceanenv