高中英语必修 第一册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters

读写融合•重温教材考点聚焦•突破提升进阶演练•夯实基础

(主题语境:人与自然之灾害防范)Unit4

NaturalDisasters写作提能•综合运用读写融合•重温教材At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingto1.___

end!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthe2._____________

(powerful)earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,3.______

wasmorethan150kilometresaway.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack

thatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide4.____(cut)acrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylay5.___

ruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two6.______

(three)ofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Andthousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor7._________

(serious)injuredreachedmorethan400,000.anmostpowerfulwhichcutinthirdsseriously150,000soldiersweresenttoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Theyorganizedteams8.______

(dig)outthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltshelters

for9._________(survive)whosehomes10.__________________(destroy).Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

点评:本文简要介绍了唐山大地震的情况。文章使用了定语从句、asif从句等表达方式。同时,使用了多处数字以及拟人等修辞手段来增强表达效果。todigsurvivorshadbeendestroyed考点聚焦•突破提升【重点单词】1.affect

vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositively______(affect)thewholefamily.②However,ifyoudownloadaprogramandrunit,yourcomputermightbeaffected_____

virus.withaffect③Whilethiskindofhumourmaysoundcruel,itusuallyonlyworksifboththecomedianandtheaudiencehavean_________(affect)fororadmirethepersonbeingmadefunof.④(北师大版教材)Butthereisagrowingresistancetothisconsumersocietywhich___________

(affect)theyouthoftodaywiththeircomputers,ipods,designerclothesandmobilephones.

affectionisaffecting(1)bedeeply/greatlyaffectedby... 被……深深打动beaffectedwith... 染上……疾病(2)show/haveanaffectionfor... 喜欢……,喜爱……(3)haveaneffect/influenceon... 对……有影响【疑难辨析】affect与effect的区别(1)含义不同:affect作名词意为“感情,情感,心情”。effect作名词意为“效果,影响,印象,所有物”。(2)词源不同:affect直接源自拉丁语的affectus。effect直接源自古法语的efet。(3)侧重点不同:affect的前缀a-表示“向上”,affect的主语通常是物而不是人,侧重于表示原因。effect的前缀e-表示“出来”,effect侧重表示结果。写作微练完成句子⑤全球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响我们每个人。

(应用文写作之说明文)ThewarmingoftheEarthandtheconsequentclimaticchanges___________.

⑥小狗用自己的爱回报了波比,慢慢地走着,靠在她身上。

(读后续写之动作描写)ThelittledogreturnedPoppy’slove______________________,walkingslowlyandleaningonher.

affectusallwithaffectionofherown2.shock

n.休克;打击;震惊;令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(外研版教材)Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedand________(shock).②Theirneighbourswereagainshocked___

theideathattheymightbeinvolvedinanythingunexpected.③Thismaybeashock___

some,giventhattemperaturesinplacesreachedthemid-60sonSunday.④(北师大版教材)They_____________(shock)whentheysawtheNorwegianflag.

shockedattowereshocked(1)beshockedtodosth.

做某事很震惊beshockedat... 对……感到震惊ashockto... 对……是吃惊的事(2)electricshock 触电;电休克shocking adj.令人震惊的culturalshock 文化冲击写作微练完成句子⑤事实上,在从美国到中国的几次往返旅行后,我确实受到了一些文化冲击。(应用文写作之记叙文)Actually,_______________________________

afterseveralroundjourneysfromtheUStoChina.

⑥他们的母亲既震惊又自豪,她温柔地低声说:“谢谢你们,孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切!” (读后续写之心理描写)__________________,theirmothersaidinasweetwhisper,“Thanks,mykids.Ireallyappreciatewhatyouhavedoneforme!”

IdefinitelygotsomeculturalshockShockedandproud3.trap

n.险境;陷阱vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①Rescuerswerestillworkingtheirwaytowardthe________

(trap)meninthecoalmine.②Hefelthehadbeentrapped____

acceptingthetermsofthecontractandregrettedforthat.③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhat______

(trap)theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.④(北师大版教材)Whentheamountofthesegasesintheatmosphereincreases,moreheat__________(trap)andtheEarth’stemperaturerises.

trappedintotrapsistrapped(1)betrappedin...

被困在……中trapodoingsth. 诱使某人做某事(2)fallintoatrap 落入圈套setatrapforsb. 给某人设圈套【词汇拓展】可用于“动词+sb.+into(outof)doing”结构的动词小结:talk(persuade/reason/argue)sb.intodoingsth.

说服某人做某事cheat(trick/fool)sb.intodoingsth. 欺骗/哄骗某人做某事frightensb.intodoingsth. 吓唬某人做某事forcesb.intodoingsth. 迫使某人做某事写作微练完成句子⑤因为交通堵塞,我上班迟到了。

(应用文写作之道歉信)________________________________,Iwaslateforwork.

⑥“如果我没有和汤姆吵架,走开,爬到高处,我现在就不会被困在这个可怕的地方面临死亡的危险。” (读后续写之心理描写)“HadInotquarreledwithTom,walkedawayandclimbedtothehighplace,________________________________________,confrontedwiththedangerofdying.”

HavingbeentrappedintrafficjamsIwouldn’tbetrappedinthisawfulplacenow4.bury

vt.埋葬;安葬步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(牛津版教材)Ourfirstjobherewastotrytoorganizeaplace_______

(bury)thepeoplewhowerekilled.

②(牛津词典)Hewalkedslowly,hishands_______

(bury)inhispockets.③(北师大版教材)Plinydescribedacloudcomingdownthemountain,blockingoutthesunand________

(bury)everythinginitspath,includingwholevillagesandtowns.toburyburiedburying(1)buryone’shead/faceinhands

双手抱头/掩面(2)beburiedin=buryoneselfin 专心于beburiedinthought 陷入沉思【词汇拓展】表示“专心于……”的短语小结beabsorbedin/keepone’smindon/devoteoneselfto/concentrateon/focusattentionon写作微练完成句子④如你所知,我还在你所熟悉的那所学校埋头读书。

(应用文写作之人物介绍)Asyouknow,______________________

attheschoolyouaresofamiliarwith.

⑤似乎也陷入了沉思的那个年轻人抬起了眼睛。

(读后续写之动作描写)Theyoungman,whoalsoseemeddeeply________________,raisedhiseyes.

Iamstillburiedinbooksburiedinthought5.suffer

vt.遭受;蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)ButFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’s_________(suffer)somuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.②(外研版教材)Thecountryhadbeenatwarforovereightmonths,andheknewthatit____________

(suffer)manygreatdefeatsbeforeitwouldbegintowinthewar.

③Theincidentwokememoriesofhispast__________(suffering).④(2024·浙江1月高考)Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgrades__________

(suffer)asaresult.

sufferingwouldsuffersufferingswillsuffer(1)sufferalotofpain

遭受巨大的痛苦sufferseveredamage/greatlosses 损失惨重sufferfrom 遭受;患病sufferdefeat 遭受失败(2)suffering n.(内心或肉体的)痛苦【词缀拓展】

-ing名词后缀小结acting演技 ageing老化clothing衣服

fishing钓鱼,渔业building建筑物

teaching教学beginning开始

drawing绘画boating划船

parenting养育walking散步

bedding床品写作微练完成句子⑤许多人因缺乏食物而遭受营养不良甚至饥饿的影响,但他们的福利与伦敦纳税人无关。

(应用文写作之说明文)Manypeople______________________________________________________

becauseofalackoffood,yettheirwelfarewasofnoconcerntothetaxpayersofLondon.

⑥在工作期间,吉姆遭遇了一件悲伤的事情,这让他对自己的余生应该做些什么感到困惑。

(读后续写之心理描写)Whileonthejob,_________________________

thatlefthimconfusedaboutwhathewassupposedtodowiththerestofhislife.

sufferedfromtheeffectsofpoornutritionandevenstarvationJimhadsufferedasadevent6.survive

vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(2024·1月九省联考)Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfew_____________(survive).

②(2022·全国甲卷)PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldest_________

(survive)traditionaltheatre.③Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethe________(survive)ofournaturalresources.④Inmostcases,acountrymustlearntolivewithandsurvive___

itsownwaterresources.havesurvivedsurvivingsurvivalon(1)surviveon

靠……存活下来survivesth. 幸免于;从……中活过来AsurviveB(by+时间) A比B活得长(……)(2)survival n.

存活,幸存(3)survivor n.幸存者,生还者【词缀拓展】

-al名词后缀小结arrival到达 official官员chemical化学药品 proposal建议individual个人

final决赛refusal拒绝

trial审判,试验写作微练完成句子⑤没有海洋,任何生物都无法生存,包括人类。

(应用文写作之说明文)Withouttheoceans,___________________________,humansincluded.

⑥我打开门,惊奇地发现一位老太太站在暴风雪中,身上只穿了一件薄外套,显然不足以在暴风雪中生存。

(读后续写之人物描写)Iopenedthedoorandsurprisinglyfoundanoldladystandinginthesnowstormwithjustathincoat,_______________________________________.

nolivingthingswouldsurviveclearlynotenoughtosurvivethesnowstorm【要点拾遗】damage

n.损坏;损失vt.损害;破坏步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①(牛津版教材)FirstIamtalkingtoyoutodayaboutthevastareasoftheworld_____________

(damage)bychemicalwaste.

②Oneofthemechanicstookoffthe_________

(damage)tyre,andtookitbacktothestationtobepatched.③Thelandscapehasbeencompletelyaltered,severely__________(damage)wildlife.④(牛津版教材)Thiscostscountriesalotofmoneyandcausesgreatdamage___

thewelfareofthepeople.aredamageddamageddamagingtodo/causedamageto

对……造成危害prevent/avoiddamage 阻止/避免损害physicaldamage 身体损害damageone’shealth

损害某人的健康写作微练完成句子⑤最后,我们必须摆脱那些损害我们健康的坏习惯,如饮酒和吸烟。

(应用文写作之建议信)Finally,wehavetogetridofthosebadhabits_____________________,suchasdrinkingandsmoking.

⑥面对自己的车窗严重受损的汽车,菲奥娜打电话求救,等待救援。

(读后续写之动作描写)Facedupwithherowncar,_______________________________________,Fionacalledforrescueandwaitedforhelp.

thatdamageourhealthwhosewindowshadbeenseriouslydamaged【误区释疑】

ruin,destroy与damageruin指一次性、彻底地毁坏,无可挽回的伤害,但不一定完全毁灭。此外,ruin多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“坏了”。inruins意为“成为废墟;遭到严重破坏”destroy强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉,使之无法复原;有时用于比喻,意为“打破(希望,计划);使失败”damage损失,损坏;多用于无生命的东西,指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复;这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的【核心短语】7.come

to

an

end

结束步入经典·即境活用用方框中短语的适当形式填空cometoanend,bytheendof,intheend,endupwith①演出在观众的笑声中结束了。Theshow______________

inthelaughteroftheaudience.

②我要求自己在月底以前完成这项工作。I’vesetmyselftofinishthejob____________

themonth.

③最后证明事实正好相反:他是无辜的,而她则有罪。__________,thecontrarywasprovedtrue:hewasinnocentandshewasguilty.

④如果他们轻率地对待这场比赛,他们可能会以出洋相收场。Iftheytakethisgamelightlytheycould___________

eggontheirfaces.

cametoanendbytheendofIntheendendupwith(1)attheendof...

在……尽头;在……末端bytheendof 到……结束时intheend 最后;终于(2)putanendtosth.

结束;终结make(both)endsmeet

使收支相抵,量入为出(3)endupwith 以……结束endupdoingsth. 以做某事结束写作微练完成句子⑤当运动会结束的时候,大家既感到疲惫又收获很大。(应用文写作之新闻报道)Whenthesportsmeeting______________,everyonefelttiredandgainedalot.

⑥当最后一天的选拔被安排在星期五时,这种新常态戛然而止,她变得有些紧张了。(读后续写之心理描写)_____________________________

whenthefinaldayofselectionwasscheduledtoaFridayandshebecameevennervous.

cametoanendThisnewnormalcametoanend8.sweep

away

消灭;彻底消除步入经典·即境活用用sweep的短语完成句子①Hotelstaffquicklyworkedto_________(清扫)themess.

②Everyoneheldontocoralorwhatevertheycouldtopreventthemselvesfrom________________(被冲走).

③Wintryweathercontinuesto____________(席卷)Colorado.

④Alltheiradvice_______________(被忽视).

sweepupbeingsweptawaysweepacrosswassweptasidesweepup

打扫;清扫sweepover/across/around/through 横扫;掠过sweepaside 无视;置之不理sweepaway 清除;一扫而空【词缀拓展】

-eep结尾的动词变过去式小结sleep-slept

weep-wept

keep-kept写作微练完成句子⑤昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。

(应用文写作之新闻报道)Ararestorm_____________________

yesterday.

⑥一阵愤怒席卷了女孩的母亲。

(读后续写之无灵主语)____________________

overthegirl’smother.

sweptacrosstheregionAwaveofangerswept【经典句型】9.It

seemed

as

if

the

world

were

coming

to

an

end!(P50)

仿佛世界末日即将来临!步入经典·即境活用单句语法填空①Itseemedasifthepolice___________(throw)inthetowelandwereabandoningtheinvestigation.

②Hewentoutdressedasifhe_________

(be)goingtoadinnerparty.③Albergopenedhismouth,asif_________(protest).Buthethoughtbetterofit.

hadthrownwas/weretoprotestItseemed/seems(tosb.)that/asif...(对某人来说)似乎……(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句谓语用陈述语气。(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的,从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反:did/were与过去事实相反:haddone/hadbeen与将来事实相反:would/could...+do(3)如果asif/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词。写作微练完成句子④室内植物可能看起来只是无所事事,但在许多方面,它们是家庭的无名英雄。(2023·全国乙卷)Indoorplantsmight_________

theyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.

⑤眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。(读后续写之心理描写)Tearsswirlinginhiseyes,Davidraisedhishead,lookedatme____________________________________________________,butloweredhisheadonceagain.

lookasifasifhewouldsaysomething/asif(hewas)tosaysomething⑥树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。

(读后续写之心理描写)Itisdarkinthewoods.Itseemsasif______________________________________.Themoreshethinksofthis,themorefrightenedsheis.

therewereafiercebeastbehindeverybush进阶演练•夯实基础Ⅰ【语境填空】|高考探究体验1.(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfablestoteachalessonortopass

on

________(wise).2.Schoolswithbetterreputationswillbe_______(flood)withapplicationswhilepoorerschoolswillbelefthighanddry.3.(2024·浙江1月高考)ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywife_________

(rescue)me.

4.Afewminuteslaterthebombwentoff,__________

(destroy)thevehicle.wisdomfloodedtorescuedestroying5.(2024·浙江1月高考)SoonEvabeganto________(breath)hard,withherheartpoundingandlegsshaking.6.Whenwebelievethatrealityislimitedtoonlywhatwesee,webecometrapped____

thinkingtheonlytruthiswhatwesee.7.Theeruptionsforcedtheevacuationofthousandsofvillagersand_________

(damage)thousandsofacresofcrops_______

(bury)undertonsofashesandlavaflows.8.Forexample,duringthe1982________

(erupt)ofGalunggunginJava,BritishAirwaysFlight9flewintotheashcloud,_________(suffer)temporaryenginefailureandstructuraldamage.breatheintodamagedburiederuptionsuffering9.Fortunately,therailwaywasbackedbythe_________

(power)ministerofZhili,LiHongzhang,and________(survive).10.Yourresponsibilitywillbetoprovideandhelpwithfunctionalsupportservicesandsupport________(deliver)of________(effect)andreliableclaimsservices.powerfulsurviveddeliveryeffectiveⅡ一词多义/熟词生义|攻克阅读障碍1.strike(1)WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststruck10. _______(2)Asanoldsayinggoes,“Striketheironwhileit’shot.”You’dbettergooverwhatyouhavelearnedassoonaspossible. _______(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandthewarmlightfilledtheroomimmediately. _______(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay. _______(5)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek,whichthencausedaterribletsunami._______(6)Itstrikesusthatwecanfollowthestreambacktothefarmhouse. _______A.v.打B.v.使突然想起C.n.罢工

D.v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击E.v.划(火柴)F.v.(钟)敲

F

A

E

C

D

B

2.deliver(1)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy. _______(2)I’mhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday. _______(3)Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtodeliveralectureongeneticengineeringhere. _______A.递送B.生(小孩);接生C.发表(演说等)

B

A

C

3.affect(1)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,wecouldn’tholdbacktears. _______(2)Honestlyspeaking,thecoming-of-ageceremonyaffectsmegreatly. _______(3)Thediseaseaffectsmanydifferentorgansofhisbody. _______A.影响B.感动C.(疾病)侵袭;使感染

B

A

C

4.猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Shewasrushedtothehospitalaftersufferingfromshock. _____(2)Whenwevisitedtheoldfamilyhome,pastsweetmemoriescamefloodingback._________休克大量涌入串词成篇|提升关键能力Disasterssuchastornadoes,droughts,floods,landslides,volcaniceruptions,typhoons,hurricanes

andearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother,1.________

(cause)greatdamagetomanycountries.Insummary,theearthquakehastheworst2.______(effect).The1976Tangshanearthquakecausedmorethan240,000deaths.90percent

ofhomeslay3.___

ruinsandpeople4.________(suffer)alot.Food,waterandelectricity

werehardtoget.Everywherethe5.________(shock)survivorssawdestroyed

bricks,deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetals

as

iftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamswhowerein

shockdugoutthetrapped,6._______(bury)thedead,andbuiltshelters

in

the

open

air.causingeffectsinsufferedshockedburiedWithunified

effortsandwisdomofallpeople,thecityreviveditselfandbeganto7.________(breath)again.Earthquakesundertheseacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunami8.__________

struckAsiain2004crashedintocoastlines.Hugewaves

9.______(sweep)awaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby10.__________(deliver)foodandsuppliesbyhelicopters.breathethat/whichsweptdelivering写作提能•综合运用读后续写提能练|自然灾害辨模式自然灾害1.灾害突发:通常以自然灾害(如地震、洪水、台风等)的突然发生作为故事的开头2.危机应对:描述受灾地区的人们如何迅速应对灾害,包括疏散、救援、自救等行动3.人性光辉:在灾害中,展现人与人之间的互助、关爱和牺牲,凸显人性中的善良和勇敢4.灾后重建:讲述灾害过后,人们如何共同努力进行灾后重建,包括物质和精神层面的恢复5.反思与启示:最后,对自然灾害带来的教训进行反思,强调防灾减灾的重要性,以及面对灾害时人类应有的态度和行动明实例教材亮词[情感描写]shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊inshock震惊;吃惊calmadj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静[动作描写]revivevt.&vi.

复活;(使)苏醒slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行;滑动floodvi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没rescuen.&vt.营救;救援trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱tapvi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资vi.&vt.帮助;援助crashvt.&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞

sweepvt.&vi.打扫;清扫waven.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.挥手;招手suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过明实例教材美句1.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!(场景描写)2.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(动作描写)3.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.(动作描写)会实践语料运用

Onceuponatime,aremotevillagewasstruckbyasuddenflood,shockingitsinhabitantsand1.__________________________(把许多人困在家里).Thewaterrushedin,floodingthestreetsandhouses,leavingthevillageinchaos.Inthemidstofthedisaster,ayounggirl2._______________________________(发现自己被困在家中),surroundedbywaterandinshock.Butasthewaterrose,she3._________________________(迫使自己平静下来),tappingonthewallsforhelp.Hereffortswerenotinvainasarescueteamheardherfaintcriesandracedtoheraid.trappingmanyintheirhomesfoundherselftrappedinherforcedherselftocalmdownhouse会实践语料运用Slidingthroughthewateronmakeshiftrafts,4.__________________________________________________(救援人员与洪水作斗争,试图找到她).Itwasadangerousjourney,butwitheverytapoftheiroarsandwaveofencouragement,theydrewcloser.Finally,thegirlwasrescued.5.________________(共同努力下),theyworkedtorevivetheircommunity.therescuersfoughtagainsttheflood’spowertoreachherWitheveryeffort应用文写作提分练|自然灾害假定你是李华,最近你班开展了一次有关“自然灾害与人类行为的关系”的讨论,请你在校英语报上写一篇文章来表达你的看法。内容包括:1.现在越来越多的人意识到很多自然灾害都与人类的行为有关;2.地球是人类唯一的家