冠词和数词（知识清单）-2027年高考地理一轮复习（北京专用）默写版

考点1冠词分类与基本用法

知识点1不定冠词a/an

1.含义：泛指“一个/一类”，修饰单数可数名词。

a：辅音音素开头

abook,auniversity,aEuropean

an：元音音素开头（不是元音字母）

anapple,anhour,anhonestboy

2.用法

首次提到单数可数名词（泛指）

Iboughtapenyesterday.

表“一个"，相当于one

Thereisaparknearmyhome.

表“一类人/物”

Abirdcanfly.

3.固定搭配

havearest,takeawalk,inahurry

nnnn

I.a/an选择看发音不看字母：anhour/auniversity

2.不可数名词前不能用a/an

【随堂例题】

1.1sawoldmansillingonthebench.

2.Hehasusefulbookabouthistory.

知识点2定冠词the

1.含义：特指“这个/那个/这些/那些”，可修饰单复数、可数；不可数。

图因阚困

必用the的八大场景

1.再次提到前文名词（特指）

Iboughtapen.Thepenisblue.

2.双方都知道的人/物

Openthedoor,please.

3.独一无二事物

thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld

4.最高级、序数词、only

thebeststudent,thefirstday,theonlychild

5.方位、乐器、姓氏复数（一家人）

intheeast,playthepiano,theGreens

6.特指的介词短语修饰名词

thewaterinthecup

7.江河湖海、山脉、群岛、国家全称

theYellowRiver,theHimalayas,thePeople'sRepublicofChina

8.固定搭配

inthemorning,ontheleft,allthetime

QOQn

1.乐器前用the；球类/棋类不用ihe

2.最高级前必须加the

【随堂例题】

1.girlinredismysister.

2.Heistallestboyinourclass.

知识点3零冠词（不用冠词）

场景：复数泛指、不可数泛指、固定类别

零冠词高频场景

1.复数名词泛指一类

Ilikebooks.

2.不可数名词泛指

Waterisimportant.

3.三餐、球类、棋类、学科、语言

havebreakfast,playbasketball,learnEnglish

4.人名、地名、国名（简称）、街道、公园

Beijing,China,GreenStreet,HydePark

5.节假日、月份、星期

onMonday,inJune,celebrateChristmas

6.固定搭配

gotoschool,bybus,athome,inbed

soon

1.gotoschool（上学）*gototheschool（去那所学校）

2.inhospital（住院）Winthehospital（在医院里）

【演堂例题】

l.Weusuallyhavelunchat12:00.

2.Shelikesplayingtennis.

考点2冠词高频固定搭配与易错

知识点1常见固定搭配（北京常考）

必背

alotof,alittle,afew,anumberof

inaword,asaresult,onceinawhile

thesameas,onthewhole,intheend

byaccideni,onpurpose,aifirst,aiIasi

知识点2泛指/特指辨析（北京语法填空核心）

泛指：第一次提、复数、不可数一a/an/零冠词

特指：第二次提、限定修饰、独一无二、最高级一the

口0i

|泛指单数a/an,复数不可数零冠；

特指限定独•无二，最高级序数必加thCo

优题精练•专题实战通关

1.1hadwonderfultimeinBeijinglastsummer.

2.GreatWallisoneofthegreatestwondersintheworld.

3.Sheishonestgirlandwealllikeher.

4.Wcoftenplaybasketballafterschool.

5.Thisisusefultoolforstudents.

6.waterinthisriverisveryclean.

7.Hegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.

8.1metoldfriendonmywayhomeyesterday.

hi优题精练•专题实战通关

考点01考查不定冠词a（n）的用法

1.（2025年浙江1月卷）Thepriceoffashion-economicallyandenvironmentally-hasledtotheriseof56

newwayofdressing,andit'sbeginningtotakeoffinAustralia,too.

2.（2023新课标I卷）Themealshouldbefreshwithtouchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearand

delicious.

3.（2022全国甲卷）friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

4.（2021新课标I卷）Whileyou'reinChina,MountHuangshanismusttovisit!

考点02考查定冠词the的用法

5.（2025全国一卷）Goisoneof57earliestbinary-based（基于二元的）games.

6.（2025八省联考卷）Chineseplaysanincreasinglyimportantrolein63（improve）communicationand

7.（2024新课标I卷）Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourney

influencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor61first

time.

8.（2024年浙江1月卷）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacks

designedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions（份）.Then,whenyouuseonesection.other

staysfresh.

9.（2023新课标II卷）No〔（hepandas,even（houghlanguageusedfor（hemedicaltraininginstructions

isactuallyEnglish.

10.（2023浙江1月卷）Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,the

SummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,（hehulongsrefleclcultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.

11.（2022新课标I卷）CoveringanareaaboutthreetimessizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,the

GPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

12.（2022新课标II卷）Brownfamilyliveinan叩anmenibuildingoutsideToronto.

13.（2022全国乙卷）TocelebratefestivalanumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessman

MuseuminBeijingonThursday.

14.（2022年浙江1月题）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedheriospeakifshe

coulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersoftime,theyagreed.

15.（2021全国甲卷）Ittookusabout3hourstogoallwayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.

16.（2021全国乙卷）Duetogrowingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,

varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.

17.（2021浙江卷）Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsof

theirgrowingfamily.

考点03考查冠词与短文改错

18.（2024全国甲卷）AattendantgaveussometravelbrochuresaboutChongqing.

19.（2023全国甲卷）Intheevening,whenItakethewalkin（heschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomesmore

meaningfultome.

20.（2023全国乙卷）Momwassuresamecolorwouldlookgreatonher.

第二部分数词

〃知识脑图核心脉络搭建

Ih考点深研•知能分层突破

考点1.数词的概念及分类

知识点1数词的概念

数词是用来表示数量或顺序的词。

知识点2数词的分类

数词可以分为基数词和序数词。基数词是表数量多少的数词，如。ne、two、three...；序数词是表顺序先后的

数词，如first、secondsthird...«

考点2.基数词变序数词规则

知识点1基数词变序数词规则

规律单词

fbur一fourth»six—sixth,seven—>seventh,ten—>tenth»

一般后加theleven—»eleventh,thirteen—thirteenth，fourteen—»fourteenth,

hundred—>hundrcdth,

123特殊记one—>first,two一second，tree-third

8去1,9去e,ve要用f替eight—eighth,nine—»ninth,five—>fifth,twelve—♦twelfth

twenty—»twentieth,thirty—>thirtieth,forty—»fortieth,

几十ly要变lie

11fty—>fiftieth

若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以twenty-one—»twenty-first,thirty-flve—>thirty-fifth

对点精练

1.(2023年全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop,s

fablesdaletothe(six)century,B.C.

2.(2022年全国新高考1卷,56)Tvcalwayslovedtheocean.Inthe(seven)grade,Istartedvolunteering

altheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.

3.(2019年全国II卷改编)Then,whenIwasinthe(five)grade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIliked

myEnglishteacherverymuch.

4.(2017全国I卷改编)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy(eighteen)birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.

答案速对

1.sixth2.seventh3.fifth4.eighteenth

考点3.数词的常见用法及短语

知识点1数词的基本用法

1.基数词表数量

(1)但要区分确指和泛指：

twothousandpeople两千人(确指)；thousandsofpeople数以千计的人们(泛指)：

(2)表达在某人几十多岁时需用整时数的复数：

inhisthirties在他三十多岁:inherseventies在她70多岁时;

(3)表达年代：

inthe1990s在20世纪90年代；

(4)一个半的表达：

one/anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhourso

2.序数词表顺序

(1)序数词前一般有the或限定词修饰：

Tomlivedonthethirdfloor.Thisismytwentiethbirthday;

(2)序数词的常用法还有：

★名词前有序数词修饰时常用1。+不定式作后置定语，有时该名词还可省略：

Chinaisthefirst(country)tomakepaper.;

Itis/wasthefirst/second...timethatsbhas/haddonesth.

例如Itwasthefirstlime(hathehadbeenoutalone.

3・分数及百分数的表达：

(1)分数由基数词(分子)+序数词(分母)构成，分子为1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1

时，分母用复数形式。

例：1/3-one-third或athird；2/5-two-fifths：3/4-threequarters(常用)或threefourths。

(2)注意特殊分数的表达1/2必须用ahalf或onehalf,不可用“asecond”；

(3)1/4可表达为aquarter或onefourth；3/4为ihreequarters<,

(4)百分数由基数词+percent构成，符号“％”读作…percent：

60%fsixtypercent；0.5%-*zeropointfivepercent(>

4.倍数的表达方法：

(1)A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B表示“A是B的..倍”：

Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。；

(2)A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B表A是B的…倍长；

Thisropeistwicelongerthanthatone.这根绳子是那根绳子的两倍长/比那根长一倍；

(3)A+be+倍数+the+size/length/height等+of+B表A在体积/长度/高度上是B的..倍：

Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球体积是月球的49倍。

5.数词的重要短语

inhisforties在他40多岁

hundreds/housands/mi11ionsof数以百/千/万计的

win(the)secondplace获得第二名

attheageof20在20岁

tryathirdtime再尝试一次(己尝试两次)

onebyone一个接一个地

oneafteranother一个又一个，连续不断地

inpairs成双成对，两人一组的

intwoandthree三三两两

atsixesandsevens乱七八糟

Ih优题精练•专题实战通关

1.—Dad.aboutthree(eight)ofourclassmateswearglasses.

―Oh,that'sterrible.Youallshouldtakegoodcareofyoureyes.

2.1fyoupurposefullytrytoactinsteadofkillingyourtime,itwillbecomeyour___7___(two)nature,andlaziness

willbethethingofthepast.

3.Thepyramidwasmadeupof(million)ofstones.

4.Asthe2_(three)solarterminthelunaryear,itsnamesuggeststhefactthatanimalssleepinginwinter

areawakenedbyspringthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.

5.TherearctwelvefloorsinthisbuildingandMr.Wu'sofficeis