辽宁盘锦市2025年下半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级练习试题库

辽宁盘锦市2025年下半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级练习试题库PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes)Directions:Thispartisdesignedtotestyourlisteningability.Itconsistsoftwosections:SectionAandSectionB.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1.A)Themaniscomplainingaboutthenoise.B)Thewomanisworkingonaproject.C)Themanwantsthewomantolowerthevolume.D)Theyarediscussingatelevisionprogram.2.A)15minutes.B)30minutes.C)45minutes.D)60minutes.3.A)Shehasfinishedherpaper.B)Sheneedsmoretimetofinishherpaper.C)Shewillstartherpapertomorrow.D)Sheforgotaboutthepaperdeadline.4.A)Theweatherisunpredictable.B)Itwillrainheavilytomorrow.C)Themanshouldcancelhistrip.D)Thewomandoesn'ttrusttheweatherforecast.5.A)Hehasn'treadthearticle.B)Hedisagreeswiththearticle.C)Heagreeswiththewoman.D)Hethinksthearticleispoorlywritten.6.A)Atapostoffice.B)Atabank.C)Atahotel.D)Atalibrary.7.A)Sheenjoysclassicalmusic.B)Sheprefersjazztoclassical.C)Shedoesn'tliketheconcert.D)Shewantstoleaveearly.8.A)Theprofessorisverystrict.B)Thecourseistoodifficult.C)Themanshoulddropthecourse.D)Themanshouldstudyharder.9.A)15.B)10.A)Themanforgottoreturnthebook.B)Thebookisoverdue.C)Thewomandoesn'tneedthebookanymore.D)Themanalreadyreturnedthebook.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseverallongerconversationsandshorttalks.Youwillheareachpiecetwice.Aftereachpiece,youwillhearseveralquestions.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingconversation.11.A)Toapplyforajob.B)Toaskforaleave.C)Toinquireaboutacourse.D)Tocomplainaboutaroommate.12.A)Shehasapart-timejob.B)Shehasamedicalappointment.C)Shehasafamilyemergency.D)Sheisnotfeelingwell.13.A)Filloutaform.B)Talktotheprofessordirectly.C)Submitamedicalcertificate.D)Takeamakeupexam.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14.A)Thehistoryofthebicycle.B)Thebenefitsofcycling.C)Howtochooseabicycle.D)Trafficrulesforcyclists.15.A)Itreducesairpollution.B)Itsavesmoneyonfuel.C)Itimprovesphysicalhealth.D)Itisfasterthandrivinginthecity.16.A)Theymustwearhelmets.B)Theymustusedesignatedbikelanes.C)Theymustcarryafirst-aidkit.D)Theymustnotrideonsidewalks.17.A)Topromoteanewtypeofbicycle.B)Toencouragepeopletocyclemore.C)Towarnpeopleaboutthedangersofcycling.D)Tointroduceanewcyclinglaw.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.18.A)Theyareplanningavacation.B)Theyarediscussingaproject.C)Theyaretalkingaboutanewmovie.D)Theyarereviewingabook.19.A)Itistooexpensive.B)Itistoocrowded.C)Itlacksculturalactivities.D)Ithasterribleweather.20.A)Visitamuseum.B)Gotothebeach.C)Takeahikingtrip.D)Goshopping.PartIIUseofEnglish(15minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Theconceptofurbanagriculturehasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears.Ascitiesexpandandpopulationsgrow,theneedforsustainablefoodsystemsbecomes21critical.Urbanagriculture,which22thecultivationofcropsandtheraisingofanimalswithinandaroundcities,isnotanew23.However,itsmoderniterationischaracterizedbytechnologicaladvancementsandafocuson24.Historically,citieswereprimarilycentersofconsumption,25onruralareasforfoodsupply.Today,urbanagricultureis26thisparadigmbytransformingvacantlots,rooftops,andevenundergroundtunnels27productivegreenspaces.Thisshifthasnumerous28.Environmentally,itreducesthecarbonfootprint29withtransportingfoodoverlongdistances.Italsohelpsmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,30citiescoolerinthesummer.Socially,urbanagriculturefosterscommunity31.Communitygardens,forinstance,provideaspacewhereresidentscan32,shareknowledge,andbuildrelationships.Thisisparticularly33indenselypopulatedareaswherepeoplemayfeelisolated34theirclosephysicalproximitytoothers.Economically,urbanfarmingcancreatejobopportunitiesand35localeconomies.Small-scaleurbanfarmsoftenselltheirproducedirectlytoconsumersatfarmers'marketsor36localrestaurants,keepingthemoneywithinthecommunity.ThecalculationoftheeconomicyieldpersquaremetercanberepresentedbytheformulaY=,37Yistheyield,Risthetotalrevenue,Cisthetotalcost,andAistheareainsquaremeters.MaximizingYDespiteitsbenefits,urbanagriculturefaceschallenges.These39zoningregulations,soilcontamination,andlimitedaccesstowater.Overcomingtheseobstaclesrequires40betweencityplanners,farmers,andresidents.21.A)increasinglyB)decreasinglyC)merelyD)scarcely22.A)excludesB)involvesC)avoidsD)finishes23.A)phenomenonB)technologyC)problemD)policy24.A)profitB)sustainabilityC)speedD)size25.A)relyingB)relyingonC)reliedD)torely26.A)reinforcingB)challengingC)acceptingD)ignoring27.A)toB)forC)intoD)with28.A)benefitsB)drawbacksC)challengesD)costs29.A)associatedB)attachedC)connectedD)linked30.A)makingB)madeC)tomakeD)make31.A)engagementB)conflictC)isolationD)competition32.A)argueB)collaborateC)competeD)separate33.A)uselessB)harmfulC)valuableD)irrelevant34.A)inspiteofB)becauseofC)duetoD)intermsof35.A)harmB)stimulateC)reduceD)stabilize36.A)throughB)toC)forD)with37.A)whichB)thatC)whereD)what38.A)discouragesB)demandsC)avoidsD)neglects39.A)includeB)excludeC)avoidD)reject40.A)competitionB)collaborationC)isolationD)ignorancePartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA),B),C),orD).Text1Thegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelancework,hasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalemploymentlandscape.Whileitoffersflexibilityandautonomy,italsopresentssignificantchallengesregardingworkers'rightsandfinancialstability.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitempowersindividualstobetheirownbosses,settheirownhours,andchoosetheirprojects.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtoyoungergenerationswhoprioritizework-lifebalanceoverjobsecurity.PlatformslikeUberandUpworkhavemadeiteasierthanevertoconnectfreelancerswithclientsglobally.However,criticspointoutthatgigworkersoftenlackbasicprotectionssuchasminimumwage,healthinsurance,andpaidleave.Theyarguethattheclassificationofgigworkersas"independentcontractors"allowscompaniestobypasslaborlaws.Thiscanleaveworkersvulnerableduringeconomicdownturnsorwhentheyfacehealthemergencies.Furthermore,theburdenofmanagingtaxes,retirementsavings,andotheradministrativetasksfallsentirelyontheindividual.Thedebateoverthefutureofthegigeconomyisongoing.Somejurisdictionshavebeguntoimplementregulationstoprovidegreaterprotectionsforgigworkers,whileothersmaintainahands-offapproach.Astheeconomycontinuestoevolve,findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecuritywillbecrucial.41.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A)Thegigeconomyisentirelybeneficialforworkers.B)Thegigeconomyhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C)Thegigeconomyshouldbebannedbythegovernment.D)Thegigeconomyonlybenefitslargecompanies.42.Accordingtothetext,whatisabenefitofthegigeconomy?A)Healthinsurance.B)Paidleave.C)Flexibility.D)Jobsecurity.43.Whatisamajorconcernforcriticsofthegigeconomy?A)Workershavetoomuchfreetime.B)Workerslackbasiclaborprotections.C)Companiespaytoomuchintaxes.D)Therearetoomanyregulations.44.Whatdoestheword"vulnerable"inthethirdparagraphmostlikelymean?A)Safeandprotected.B)Exposedtoharm.C)Highlypaid.D)Financiallyindependent.45.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?A)Itwilldisappearentirely.B)Itwillbestrictlyregulatedeverywhere.C)Itrequiresabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecurity.D)Itwillreplacetraditionalemploymentcompletely.Text2Microplastics,tinyplasticfragmentslessthan5mminlength,havebecomeapervasiveenvironmentalpollutant.Theyoriginatefromvarioussources,includingthebreakdownoflargerplastics,microbeadsusedincosmetics,andsyntheticfibersfromclothing.Theseparticleshavebeenfoundineverycorneroftheglobe,fromthedeepestoceanstothehighestmountains.Theenvironmentalimpactofmicroplasticsisprofound.Marineanimalsoftenmistakethemforfood,leadingtomalnutrition,starvation,andexposuretotoxicchemicals.Thesetoxinscanaccumulateinthefoodchain,eventuallyreachinghumanswhoconsumeseafood.Theconcentrationofmicroplastics,C,inagivenwatersamplecanbeestimatedusingtheformulaC=,whereNisthenumberofparticlesandVBeyondtheenvironmentaldamage,microplasticsposeapotentialthreattohumanhealth.Whilethefullextentofthehealthimpactsisstillbeingstudied,initialresearchsuggeststhatmicroplasticscanenterthehumanbodythroughingestionandinhalation.Theyhavebeenfoundinhumanblood,lungs,andplacentas.Scientistsareconcernedthattheseparticlescouldcauseinflammation,cellulardamage,andactascarriersforharmfulbacteria.Addressingthemicroplasticcrisisrequiresamulti-facetedapproach.Thisincludesreducingtheproductionofsingle-useplastics,improvingwastemanagementsystems,anddevelopingbiodegradablealternatives.Consumersalsoplayacrucialrolebymakingconsciouschoices,suchasusingreusablebags,avoidingproductswithmicrobeads,andwashingsyntheticclotheslessfrequently.46.Accordingtothetext,whatisasourceofmicroplastics?A)Naturalrocks.B)Syntheticclothingfibers.C)Seaweed.D)Wood.47.Howdomicroplasticsaffectmarinelife?A)Theyprovideasourceofnutrition.B)Theyhelpmarineanimalsdigestfood.C)Theycausestarvationandmalnutrition.D)Theyhavenoeffectonmarinelife.48.WhatdoestheformulaC=A)Thetotalnumberofplasticsintheocean.B)Theconcentrationofmicroplasticsinawatersample.C)Thevolumeofwaterinaspecificarea.D)Theweightofmicroplasticsinafish.49.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutmicroplasticsandhumanhealth?A)Microplasticsaretoolargetoenterthebody.B)Microplasticshavebeenfoundtocurediseases.C)Microplasticscanenterthebodyandmaycauseinflammation.D)Microplasticsonlyaffectpeoplewhoeatfish.50.Whatisonewayconsumerscanhelpreducemicroplasticpollution?A)Usingmoresingle-useplastics.B)Washingsyntheticclothesmorefrequently.C)Usingreusablebags.D)Buyingproductswithmicrobeads.Text3Theconceptof"psychologicalsafety"intheworkplacehasgainedconsiderableattentioninrecentyears.CoinedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorAmyEdmondson,psychologicalsafetyreferstothebeliefthatonewillnotbepunishedorhumiliatedforspeakingupwithideas,questions,concerns,ormistakes.Itisacriticalcomponentofhigh-performingteams.Inenvironmentslackingpsychologicalsafety,employeesareoftenafraidtoadmitmistakesorofferinnovativeideas.Thisfearcanleadtoacultureofsilence,whereproblemsgounaddressedandinnovationstagnates.Conversely,inteamswithhighpsychologicalsafety,membersfeelcomfortabletakinginterpersonalrisks.Theyaremorelikelytoshareknowledge,askforhelp,andexperimentwithnewapproacheswithoutfearofretribution.Google'sfamous"ProjectAristotle"studiedhundredsofitsteamstodeterminewhatmadethemeffective.Theresearchfoundthatpsychologicalsafetywasthemostimportantfactor,faroutweighingindividualtalentorteamcomposition.Teamsthatfeltsafeweremorelikelytoleveragethediverseskillsoftheirmembersandachievebetterresults.51.Whatisthemaintopicofthetext?A)Howtogetpromotedatwork.B)Theimportanceofpsychologicalsafetyinteams.C)Google'shiringprocess.D)Thedefinitionofahigh-performingteam.52.Whocoinedtheterm"psychologicalsafety"?A)Google.B)AmyEdmondson.C)Ahigh-performingteam.D)HarvardUniversity.53.Whathappensinaworkplacethatlackspsychologicalsafety?A)Employeessharemanyideas.B)Mistakesarequicklyreported.C)Acultureofsilencedevelops.D)Innovationflourishes.54.WhatwasakeyfindingofGoogle's"ProjectAristotle"?A)Individualtalentwasthemostimportantfactor.B)Psychologicalsafetywasthemostimportantfactorforteameffectiveness.C)Teamcompositionmatteredmorethananythingelse.D)Teamsthattookrisksperformedpoorly.SectionBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistA-F.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.55.Paragraph155.Paragraph256.Paragraph357.Paragraph458.Paragraph5Text4A.TheDefinitionofEmotionalIntelligenceB.EQvs.IQintheWorkplaceC.TheFourPillarsofEmotionalIntelligenceD.HowtoImproveYourEmotionalIntelligenceE.TheImpactofEQonLeadershipF.TheImportanceofSelf-Awareness55.Emotionalintelligence(EQ)istheabilitytounderstand,use,andmanageyourownemotionsinpositivewaystorelievestress,communicateeffectively,empathizewithothers,overcomechallenges,anddefuseconflict.Itreflectshowweinteractwithothersandmanageourownfeelings.WhileIQmeasurescognitiveabilities,EQmeasuresemotionalskillsthatarecrucialforpersonalandprofessionalsuccess.56.Inthemodernworkplace,technicalskillsaloneareoftennotenoughtoguaranteesuccess.EmployersincreasinglyvalueEQbecauseitfostersteamwork,enhancescommunication,andimprovesleadership.AnemployeewithhighEQcannavigateofficepolitics,handlestressgracefully,andbuildstrongrelationshipswithcolleaguesandclients.StudieshaveshownthatindividualswithhighEQtendtooutperformthosewithhighIQbutlowEQ.57.Self-awarenessisthefoundationalpillarofemotionalintelligence.Itinvolvesrecognizingyourownemotionsandhowtheyaffectyourthoughtsandbehavior.Aself-awarepersonknowstheirstrengthsandweaknessesandhasself-confidence.Withoutself-awareness,itisimpossibletomanageemotionseffectivelyorunderstandtheemotionsofothers.58.Emotionalintelligenceisnotafixedtrait;itcanbedevelopedovertimewithpractice.ImprovingEQinvolvesreflectingonyouremotionalreactions,activelylisteningtoothers,andseekingfeedback.Byobservinghowothersrespondtoyourbehavior,youcanadjustyourapproachtobemoreempatheticandeffectiveinyourinteractions.Thisongoingprocessofself-improvementcanleadtobetterrelationshipsandgreatercareersuccess.PartIVWriting(40minutes)SectionADirections:Youareplanningtoorganizeacharityruntoraisemoneyforalocalanimalshelter.Writeanemailtoyouruniversity'sstudentuniontoaskfortheirsupport.Youshouldinclude:1)thepurposeofthecharityrun;2)thetimeandlocationoftheevent;3)whatkindofsupportyouneedfromthestudentunion.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.SectionBDirections:Writeanessayofabout120wordsonthefollowingtopic:"TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofWorkingfromHome"Youshouldwriteclearlyandlogically.【参考答案与解析】PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.【答案】C【解析】M:Couldyouturndownthemusicalittlebit?Iamtryingtostudyforanexam.W:Oh,I'msorry,Ididn'trealizeitwasthatloud.Q:Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?男士提到正在备考，要求女士把音乐音量调低，故选C。2.【答案】B【解析】M:Thetrainissupposedtoarriveat3:15,butit'salready3:45.W:Actually,therewasanannouncementjustnowsayingit'sdelayedbyanother15minutes.Q:Howlonghasthetrainbeendelayedsofar?火车原定3:15到，现在已经3:45，说明已经晚点30分钟，故选B。3.【答案】B【解析】M:Haveyoufinishedyourhistorypaper?W:I'veonlywrittenhalfofit,andthedeadlineisthisFriday.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?女士提到才写了一半，且周五就是截止日期，说明她需要更多时间完成，故选B。4.【答案】D【解析】M:I'mthinkingofgoinghikingtomorrow,buttheforecastsaysitmightrain.W:Youknowtheweatherforecastisnotalwaysaccurate,butyoushouldprobablypreparefortheworst.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?女士认为天气预报并不总是准确的，但建议男士做好最坏的打算，说明她不完全信任天气预报，故选D。5.【答案】C【解析】W:Ithinktheauthor'sargumentinthisarticleisveryconvincing.M:Icouldn'tagreemore.Thedatareallysupportshisclaims.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?男士说"Icouldn'tagreemore"，表示他完全同意女士的观点，故选C。6.【答案】B【解析】M:I'dliketodepositthischeckandopenasavingsaccount.W:Sure,pleasefilloutthisformandshowmeyourID.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?男士提到存支票和开储蓄账户，这是在银行的常见对话，故选B。7.【答案】A【解析】M:Doyouwanttogotothejazzconcertwithmetonight?W:I'dloveto,butIactuallypreferclassicalmusic.Maybenexttime.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?女士表示她更喜欢古典音乐，暗示她不喜欢爵士乐，故选A。8.【答案】D【解析】M:Thisphysicscourseisincrediblydifficult.I'mthinkingofdroppingit.W:Haveyouconsideredgettingatutor?Itmighthelpyoucatchup.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?女士建议男士找导师补习，暗示他应该更加努力学习，故选D。9.【答案】C【解析】M:Howmucharethesetickets?W:Theyare$15each,butifyoubuythree,yougetonefree.Q:Howmuchwillthemanpayifhebuysthreeticketsandgetsonefree?买三张送一张，3乘以15等于45美元，故选C。10.【答案】B【解析】W:Didyouremembertoreturnmybooktoday?M:Ohno,Icompletelyforgot.Thelibraryclosedanhourago.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?男士忘记还书，且图书馆已经关了，说明书已经逾期，故选B。SectionBQuestions11to13M:Hello,ProfessorSmith'soffice.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Hi,thisisJane.I'mcallingtoaskifIcangetanextensiononmyessay.I'vebeensickforthepastfewdays.M:Isee.Doyouhaveamedicalcertificate?W:Yes,Iwenttothehospitalyesterdayandgotone.M:Inthatcase,youneedtofilloutaleaveformandsubmitthemedicalcertificatetotheoffice.Theprofessorwillreviewit.W:Thankyou.WillIneedtotakeamakeupexam?M:No,thisisjustfortheessay.Youjustneedtosubmittheformandthecertificate.11.【答案】B【解析】女士打电话是为了申请论文延期，这属于请假的范畴，故选B。12.【答案】D【解析】女士提到自己过去几天生病了，故选D。13.【答案】C【解析】男士提到女士需要提交一份医疗证明，故选C。Questions14to17Today,Iwanttotalkaboutthebenefitsofcycling.Cyclingisnotjustamodeoftransportation;itisagreatwaytoimproveyourphysicalhealth.Regularcyclingcanreducetheriskofheartdiseaseandobesity.Itisalsoanenvironmentallyfriendlywaytotravel,asitproducesnoairpollution.Inthecity,cyclingcanoftenbefasterthandriving,especiallyduringrushhour.However,safetyisamajorconcern.Cyclistsmustwearhelmetsatalltimes.Also,theyshouldusedesignatedbikelaneswhereavailableandavoidridingonsidewalks.Iencourageeveryonetoconsidercyclingasadailyhabit.Notonlywillitsaveyoumoneyonfuel,butitwillalsocontributetoagreenerplanet.14.【答案】B【解析】讲话者明确提到要谈论骑自行车的好处，故选B。15.【答案】C【解析】讲话中提到骑自行车能改善身体健康，减少心脏病和肥胖的风险，故选C。16.【答案】A【解析】讲话者强调骑自行车的人必须戴头盔，故选A。17.【答案】B【解析】讲话者在最后鼓励大家把骑自行车作为一种日常习惯，故选B。Questions18to20M:Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforoursummervacation?W:Iwasthinkingaboutthebeach.It'srelaxingandwecangoswimming.M:I'mnotsure.Thebeachisalwaystoocrowdedinthesummer.Howaboutahikingtripinthemountains?W:Thatsoundsinteresting,butIwantedtovisitamuseumorsomethingcultural.M:Wecouldgotothecity.Theyhavegreatmuseumsandshopping.W:Theweatherinthecityisusuallyterribleinthesummer.It'stoohot.M:Well,let'sthinkaboutitmoretonight.18.【答案】A【解析】两人在讨论去哪里度暑假，故选A。19.【答案】B【解析】男士提到海滩在夏天总是太拥挤，故选B。20.【答案】C【解析】男士建议去山里徒步旅行，故选C。PartIIUseofEnglish21.【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。随着城市扩张和人口增长，对可持续食物系统的需求变得“越来越”迫切。increasingly意为“越来越，日益”，符合句意。decreasingly意为“越来越少的”；merely意为“仅仅”；scarcely意为“几乎不”。22.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。城市农业“包括”在市内和市郊种植农作物和饲养动物。involves意为“包含，涉及”，符合句意。excludes意为“排除”；avoids意为“避免”；finishes意为“完成”。23.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。城市农业并不是一个新的“现象”。phenomenon意为“现象”，符合句意。technology意为“技术”；problem意为“问题”；policy意为“政策”。24.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。然而，它的现代迭代以技术进步和对“可持续性”的关注为特征。sustainability意为“可持续性”，符合语境。profit意为“利润”；speed意为“速度”；size意为“尺寸”。25.【答案】B【解析】动词搭配。历史上，城市主要是消费中心，“依赖”农村地区的食物供应。relyon意为“依赖”，此处作后置定语，用relyingon，故选B。26.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。今天，城市农业正在“挑战”这一模式。challenging意为“挑战”，符合句意。reinforcing意为“加强”；accepting意为“接受”；ignoring意为“忽视”。27.【答案】C【解析】介词辨析。将空地、屋顶甚至地下隧道“变”成生产性的绿地。transforminto意为“变成”，故选C。28.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。这种转变有很多“好处”。benefits意为“好处，益处”，符合下文列举的环境、社会和经济优势。drawbacks意为“缺点”；challenges意为“挑战”；costs意为“成本”。29.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。它减少了与长途运输食物“相关”的碳足迹。associatedwith意为“与……相关”，是固定搭配。30.【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词。它还有助于缓解城市热岛效应，使城市在夏天更凉爽。此处用现在分词making作结果状语，表示自然产生的结果。31.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。在社会方面，城市农业促进了社区“参与”。engagement意为“参与，融入”，符合句意。conflict意为“冲突”；isolation意为“孤立”；competition意为“竞争”。32.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。社区花园提供了一个场所，居民可以在这里“合作”，分享知识并建立关系。collaborate意为“合作”，符合句意。argue意为“争吵”；compete意为“竞争”；separate意为“分离”。33.【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。这在人口密集的地区尤其“有价值”，因为在这些地区，尽管人们身体距离很近，但仍可能感到孤立。valuable意为“有价值的”，符合句意。useless意为“无用的”；harmful意为“有害的”；irrelevant意为“不相关的”。34.【答案】A【解析】介词短语辨析。inspiteof意为“尽管”，符合句意：尽管人们身体距离很近，但仍可能感到孤立。becauseof意为“因为”；dueto意为“由于”；intermsof意为“就……而言”。35.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。小规模的城市农场通常直接向消费者出售农产品或供应给当地餐厅，从而将资金留在社区内，这能创造就业机会并“刺激”当地经济。stimulate意为“刺激”，符合句意。harm意为“伤害”；reduce意为“减少”；stabilize意为“稳定”。36.【答案】B【解析】介词辨析。供应给当地餐厅。supplyto意为“供应给”，故选B。37.【答案】A【解析】定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的公式，且在从句中作状语，表示“在这个公式中”，故选where，C选项正确。（注：where在定语从句中引导地点状语，此处指代在这个公式中。但A选项which通常作主语或宾语，C选项where作状语更为合适。再审视，此处如果指代前面的公式Y=，应该用where，表示在这个公式中。但选项A是which，选项C是where。这里应该选C，但我打错了选项。让我重新看选项：A)whichB)thatC)whereD)what。这里应该选C，因为where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰公式，表示在公式中。但我上面给的答案是A？不，让我更正。等等，选项是A)whichB)thatC)whereD)what。正确应该是C。我刚才解析写错了，应选C。等等，如果是表示“在这个公式中”，选where。但是这里的意思是“其中Y【修正】37.【答案】C【解析】定语从句。此处用where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的公式，表示“在这个公式中”，故选C。38.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。使Y最大化“需要”高效的资源管理和作物选择。demands意为“需要”，符合句意。discourages意为“劝阻”；avoids意为“避免”；neglects意为“忽视”。39.【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。这些挑战“包括”分区法规、土壤污染等。include意为“包括”，符合句意。exclude意为“排除”；avoid意为“避免”；reject意为“拒绝”。40.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。克服这些障碍需要城市规划者、农民和居民之间的“合作”。collaboration意为“合作”，符合句意。competition意为“竞争”；isolation意为“孤立”；ignorance意为“无知”。PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionAText141.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了零工经济的定义，接着在第二段介绍了它的优点（灵活性等），第三段指出了它的缺点（缺乏基本保障），最后一段是对未来的讨论。因此文章的主旨是零工经济既有优点也有缺点，故选B。42.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitempowersindividuals...settheirownhours...flexibilityisparticularlyappealing...”可知，零工经济的一个好处是灵活性，故选C。43.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“criticspointoutthatgigworkersoftenlackbasicprotectionssuchasminimumwage,healthinsurance,andpaidleave.”可知，批评者的主要担忧是零工缺乏基本的劳动保障，故选B。44.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段语境，零工缺乏基本保障，在经济衰退或面临健康紧急情况时，他们就会变得“vulnerable”。结合选项，safeandprotected（安全受保护）、highlypaid（高薪）、financiallyindependent（经济独立）都不符合语境，exposedtoharm（容易受到伤害）最符合句意，故选B。45.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一句“Astheeconomycontinuestoevolve,findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecuritywillbecrucial.”可知，未来零工经济需要在灵活性和保障之间找到平衡，故选C。Text246.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Theyoriginatefromvarioussources,includingthebreakdownoflargerplastics,microbeadsusedincosmetics,andsyntheticfibersfromclothing.”可知，合成衣物纤维是微塑料的来源之一，故选B。47.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Marineanimalsoftenmistakethemforfood,leadingtomalnutrition,starvation...”可知，海洋动物误食微塑料会导致营养不良和饥饿，故选C。48.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Theconcentrationofmicroplastics,C,inagivenwatersamplecanbeestimate