阅读力测评（五）-2025-2026学年译林版高中英语选修第一册

阅读力测评(五)

一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

A(2025•长郡中学月考)

Therearecompetilionsheldallovertheworld(hatattractmillionsofviewerseveryyear.Herearefourof(he

craziestcompetitionsintheworld.

TheWorldWormCharmingChampionship

Thiscompetitioninvolvescontestantsusingasmallareaofgrassandanumberofdifferentmethodstotry

andattractasmanywormsaspossiblefromthegroundinasetamountoftime.Participantsuseeverythingto

makenoiseinthegroundto(ryanddrivethewormsout.Thecurrentworldrecordwassetin2009by10-year-oki

SophieSmithfromEngland,whocollected567wormsin30minutes.

TheWorldToeWrestlingCompetition

ThewonderfulsportoftoewrestlingwasfirstthoughtupinapubinWetton,England,in1974.Fourfriends

wereangryatthefactthattheUKneverproducedanyworldchampionsandsocreatedasportthattheycould

succeedin.Thecompetitionhasgainedinpopularityandthereisaregularworldchampionshipheldin

Ashbourne,England,everyyear.It'sverysimilartoarmwrestlingandseescompetitorslocktoesandwrestleuntil

oneofthem"pins"theother'sfootfor3seconds.

TheWorldBeardandMoustacheChampionship

Thecompetitionhasbeenrunningsince1990.Competitorscomefromallovertheworldtoseewhocan

growandstylethebestbeardandmoustache.Thecompetitionactuallyhas17differentcategories,includingBest

FreestyleMoustache,BestNaturalGoaleeandtheall-timeclassic:BestNaturalFullBeardandStyledMoustache.

TheWorldSauna(桑拿浴)Championship

ThecompetitionwasheldinHeinola,Finlandandranfrom1999to2010.Thecrazycompetitionsaw

contestantssitinasaunaforaslongaspossible,withthewinnerbeingthelastpersontostand(orrathertositand

sweat).Thestartingtemperaturewas110degreesandwaterwoulcbepouredontothestoveevery30seconds.

Thecompetitioncametoanendin2010,though,whentragedystruckandoneofthecontestantsdiedduringthe

eventandanotherwasseverelyinjured.

()1.Whatdoes(he(extsayabouttheWorldWormCharmingChampionship?

A.Ithasnotimelimit.

B.Ithasnorequirementfortools.

C.Itsrecordsarebrokenfrequently.

D.Itsparticipantsarcmainlyteenagers.

()2.WhywastheWorldToeWrestlingCompetitioncreated?

A.Toraisepeople'sinterestinspons.

B.TodemonstratethecreativityofBritishmen.

C.TofacilitatetheUK'swinningchampionships.

D.Tocompeteagainstarmwrestling.

()3.Whichcompetitionisnolongerheld?

A.TheWorldWormChanningChampionship.

B.TheWorldToeWrestlingCompetition.

C.TheWorldBeardandMoustacheChampionship.

D.TheWorldSaunaChampionship.

B(2025・湖南师大附中月考)

GanErkeisamasterofChineselacquerware(漆器)andinheritoroftheHuizhoulacquerwaredecoration

technique—anational-levelintangibleculturalheritage.Gandevotedhislifetocreatingdelicatelacquerware

pieceswhilerevivingsomeelementsofthecraftthatwereclosetobeinglost.Heaimstotakethisancientartform

tonewheightswhilepreservingitsessenceandmaintainingChina'sworld-classstandards.

Lacquerware,anancientdecorativetechnique,involvescoatingobjectswithnaturalsap(液，汁)fromlacquer

trees.Chinaisconsidereditsbirthplace,asevidencedbyfindingsfromtheJingtoushansiteinEastChina's

ZhejiangProvince,revealingthattheancientChinesewereamongthefirsttoapplylacquertreesapsome8,000

yearsago.

Creatinglacquervvaredemandspatienceandprecision.Completingasinglepiecerequiresatleastthreeto

fourmonths,orevenayear.Theprocessinvolvesmultiplesteps—formingthebase,sanding,applyingcoatsof

coloredlacquer,drying,repeatinglacquercoats,anddryingdozensoftimes,followedbysandingthefinish,

buffingandpolishingit—resultinginabrilliantsurfacewilhdynamicpatternsincontrastingshades.

Gan,sjourneybeganatalocalartsandcraftsfactoryfrom1979to1986,wherehegaineddeepinsightsinto

theglowingcrafVsheritage.HefoundthatalthoughitoriginatedinChina,aconcealinggapexistsbetween

China'straditionallacquertechniquesandcontemporaryworks,particularlycomparedtoJapan'smodemlacquer

mastery.ThisrealizationinspiredGantoconductdeepresearch.44Made-in-Chinalacquerwareshouldstandequal

to,ifnotsurpass,anyotherlacquerwareglobally,''Gansays.

DeterminedtoelevateChineselacquerwaretoitsdeservedeminence,Ganembarkedonanartisticquest.The

depictionthatguidedGanstates:"Therearepatternslikefloatingclouds,roundflowers,andoverlappingpine

barktextures.Therearcpieceswilhaglossyredsurface,pursuedasthebeautyofextremesmoothness."Gan

recallshisearlyeffortstocreateanantique-styleinkstoneboxbasedonancienttextsandsays,“IknewwhatI

neededtoachieve,butthepathwasunclear.Eachfailedattemptmeantgrindingoffthesurfaceandrepaintingit

countlesslimes.”

()4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthecreationoflacquerware?

A.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.

B.Betterlatethannever.

C.Strikewhiletheironishot.

D.Hastemakeswaste.

()5.WhatcanweknowaboutGan?

A.Hehardlyreliedonancienttechniquestomakelacquerware.

B.HewasfrustratedwiththelackcfinnovationinChineselacquenvare.

C.HethoughtthetechniquesusedinChinawerealreadythebest.

D.Hededicatedhimselftocreatingdecorativepieceswithouttraditions.

()6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeGan?

A.Honest.B.Impatient.

C.Dedicated.D.Conservative.

()7.Whatisthepurposeof(hispassage?

A.Toexplainthedetailedstepsincreatinglacquerware.

B.ToshowcaseGan'sjourneywiththeChineseheritageandhisefiferts.

C.Tohighlightthegapbetweentraditionalandmodemlacquerware.

D.TointroducetheimportanceofChineselacquerware.

C(2025-山东省青岛市期末统考)

Greyreefsharksnowhavetoabandonthecoralreefstheycallhome.Scientists,usingacombinationof

satelliteremotesensingandanetworkofsoundreceiversontheseabed,havediscoveredsharksaredeserting

coralreefsattimesofenvironmentalstressfromhightemperaturesthatcanleadtocoralbleaching(白化)events.

Aniniernationalresearch(earnattachedsoundtrackerstomorethan120sharksandinstalledreceivers

aroundcoralreefstomonitorsharkmovementsintheIndianOceanbetween2013and2020.Thishasimportant

consequencesforboththesharksandthereefs.Theresearchresultsprovidethefirstevidenceofhowreefchange

inresponsetoenvironmentalstress,somethingthatisbecomingbothmoreextremeandmorefrequent,is

affectingthemovementofsharks.Greyreefsharksarecommon,residentpredators(捕食者)tothereefsofthe

Indo-Pacific,venturingawayfromthereeftofeed.Manyarcchoosingtomoveintooffshore,deeperandcooler

waters,whichisconcerning.Manyreefsaroundtheglobehavealreadyseenasignificantdeclineinshark

numbersduetoexploitationandthisfindinghasthepotentialtoacceleratethetrend.

Importantly,sharksaremovingaway,whichimpactsthefragilebalanceinreefecosystems.Aslarge

predators,greyreefsharksplayaveryimportantroleincoralreefecosystems.Theymaintainadelicately

balancedfoodwebonthereefandtheyalsocyclenutrientsontocoralreefsfromdeeperwaterswheretheyoften

feed.Alossofsharksandthenutrientstheybringcouldaffecttherecoveryofreefsduringperiodsofhigh

environmentalstress.

Asclimatechangebringsincreasinguncertaintyandmoreandmorefrequentextremestressevents,the

importantecologicalrolethesepredatorsplayoncoralreefsislikelytochange,astheyspendmoretimeaway

fromthereefstheyareattachedto.Theimplicationsofthisarenotyetfullyunderstoodbutgiventhecomplex

balanceofspeciesandnutrientinteractionsthatoccuroncoralreefs,therewillcertainlybesubstantialchanges.

()8.Whatisthemainreasonbehindthechangesinthereefs?

A.Globalwarming.B.Oceanpollution.

C.Illegalhunting.D.Ecologicalimbalance.

()9.Whatdothewords“thetrend”refertoinParagraph2?

A.Thehuntingofsharks.

B.Thedestructionofreefs.

C.Theexploitationofreefs.

D.Thereductioninthenumberofsharks.

()10.What'stheeffectofsharks'movingaway?

A.Itisreducingthenutrientsinthesea.

B.Itisaddingtotheenvironmentalstress.

C.Itisspeedinguptherecoveryofthereefs.

D.Itisbreaking(heunderseaecologicalbalance.

()11.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Sharkschangetheirdietaryhabits.

B.Coralreefsareleftbehindbysharks.

C.Sharksarcfacedwithpredatorythreats.

D.Coralreefs'damagedrawspublicattention.

D(2025•江苏省扬州市期末统考)

Aparasocialrelationship(PSR)isgenerallydefinedasarelationshipinwhichonememberoftherelationship

isn'tawareoftheother.Forexample,afanlovesacelebrity,butthecelebritydoesn,tknowtheyexist.

Theterm“parasocialrelationships“firstappearedinthe1950s,whenpsychologiststriedtounderstandhow

televisionviewersreactedtoTVpersonalitiesspeakingtothemdirectlyoutofthescreen.Laterinthe70sand80s,

scholarsbegantoassumethatformingparasocialrelationshipswasdrivenbyloneliness.However,peoplewhoarc

notlonelyarejustaslikelytoformaconnectionwiththatpersononthescreen.Asfandoms(粉丝群)became

merevisiblethroughoutthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,parasocialrelationshipsbecameassociatedwithyouth

andimmaturity.

It'struethatadolescentsparticularlytendtodevelopintenseparasocialrelationshipsbecauseitcanbea

chancetopracticerealadultfeelingsonsomeoneatasafedistance.Butdigitalinteractioncomplicatesthese

naturalrelationships.Sincetheriseofsocialmedia,thephenomenonofparasocialrelationshipshasbeenhugely

amplified(放大).ThetraditionalarrangementofPSRs,wherethetanhasnoactualcontactwithacelebrity,is

visiblychangedbyournewmeansofcommunication—acelebritymightseeafan,smessageorevenreply.

Whenfansaregainingaccesslothecelebritythroughsocialmediaposts,itincreasesthefeelingofcloseness.

Peoplethinktheyreallyhavemoreofarelationshipthantheydo.Onlinefandoms,especiallylargeonesfullof

adolescentswithstrongemotions,cangeneratebadbehavioramongadults.Behaviorthatmighthavebeenlimited

toonepersonorafewpeoplemightbe,thankstosocialmedia,giventhechancetospread.MelStanfill,the

authorofFandomIsUgly,says,“There'sasortofechochambereffect(回声室效应)wherepeopleconvince

themselves,4Everyoneagreeswithmeandthereforeweareallrighteousinourapproach.'"

Parasocialrelationshipsarenaturalandnotinherently(固有地)unhealthy.ButasProfessorGayleStever

says,"Anythingthatcanbetrueaboutaregularsocialrelationshipcanbetrueaboutaparasocialrelationship/'

())2.WhichaspectofparasocialrelationshipsdoesParagraph2talkabout?

A.Theirfeatures.B.Theirdevelopment.

C.Theirforms.D.Theirinfluence.

()13.Howhassocialmediachangedparasocialrelationships?

A.Mostonlineusersareadolescents.

B.Fanscanmeetcelebritiesinperson.

C.PSRsbecomemorecommonamongfans.

D.Fanscaninteractwithcelebritiesonline.

()14.WhydoesStanfillmention(heechochamberefteclinthebook?

A.Toexplainhowbehaviorspreadsinonlinefandoms.

B.Toprovethatfansareeasilypersuadedbyothers.

C.Toillustratethereasonswhyfans'actionsareright.

D.Tostressthefactthatthebookisimportant.

()15.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsparasocialrelationships?

A.Approving.B.Negative.

C.Unclear.D.Objective.

二、七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

A.Theseactionshelpgenerateideas.

B.Youalsobouncebackmorequickly.

C.Socialconnectionscanaffectyourluck.

D.However,luckisnotjustamatterofchance.

E.Actually,luckissomethingyou'rebornwith.

F.Makingsuchamoveistoughbutwellworthit.

G.Thcyarcvitaltoturningopportunitiesintogains.

(2025•山东省济南市期末统考)Luckcanreallyfeelrandom,anditcanbetoughtoknowhowtogetgood

luck.Someindividualsgetinatemporarydilemmawherethingsdon'tgoasplanned.Othersmay3econvinced

theycairtcatchabreak.16.Itcanbeconsistentlyattractedthrougheffectivestrategies.

Maintainingapositivemindsetallowsyoutodrawinluck.Whenyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,youare

morelikelytotakerisksthatcouldleadtofortunateoutcomes.Byembracingthispositiveattitude,youbecome

strongerinthefaceofchallenges.17.Thisallowsyoutotryagainafterfailureandfindnew

opportunities.

18.Awidernetworkleadstomoreopportunitiesinyourpursuitoffortune.Accordingto

psychologistRichardWiseman,theNo.lpredictorofhowmanyluckybreaksapersonhasishowinterconnected

theyarewithothers.Additionally,thepresenceofasupportivecommunityandfriendshipsfurtherenhancesyour

chancesofexperiencinggoodfortune.

Manyluckybreaksoccurasaresultofbold(大胆的)actions.Evenifyou'renottypicallyseenasbold,you

canstillenhanceyourconfidence.Forexample,ifyou'refeelingunhappyaboutyourcareerprospects,polish

yourresume(fHjffi)andapplyforjobsthatinterestyou.19.Bywelcomingrisks,youcreateopportunities

forlucktofindyou.

Luckfavorsthosewhoarewillingtoconsidernewideas.Beingopen(onewconceptscanhelpputyour

good-lucktrainonanewandfastertrack.Butremember:Stayrealistic.It'snotjustaboutthemindsetbutthe

consequentactionsthatwillbebeneficial.20.

参考答案

阅读力测评(五)

一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

A(2025・长郡中学月考)

Therearecompetitionsheldal]overtheworldthatattractmillionsofviewerseveryyear.Herearefourofthe

craziestcompetitionsintheworld.

TheWorldWormCharmingChampionship

Thiscompetitioninvolvescontestantsusingasmallareaofgrassandanumberofdifferentircthodstotry

andattractasmanywormsaspossiblefromthegroundinasetamountoftime.Participantsuseeverythingto

makenoiseinthegroundtotryanddrivethewormsout.Thecurrentworldrecordwassetin2009by10-ycar-old

SophieSmithfromEngland,whocollected567wormsin30minutes.

TheWorldToeWrestlingCompetition

ThewonderfulsportoftoewrestlingwasfirstthoughtupinapubinWetton,England,in1974.Fourfriends

weieangiyatthefactthattheUKneverproducedanyworldchampionsandsocreatedasportthattheycould

succeedin.Thecompetitionhasgainedinpopularityandthereisaregularworldchampionshipheldin

Ashbourne,England,everyyear.It'sverysimilartoarmwrestlingandseescompetitorslocktoesandwrestleuntil

oneofthem“pins”theother,sfootfbr3seconds.

TheWorldBeardandMoustacheChampionship

Thecompetitionhasbeenrunningsince1990.Competitorscomefromallovertheworldtoseewhocan

growandstylethebestbeardandmoustache.Thecompetitionactuallyhas17differentcategories,includingBest

FreestyleMoustache,BestNaturalGoateeandtheall-timeclassic:BestNaturalFullBeardandStyledMoustache.

TheWorldSauna(桑拿浴)Championship

ThecompetitionwasheldinHeinola,Finlandandranfrom1999to2010.Thecrazycompetitionsaw

contestantssitinasaunafbraslongaspossible,withthewinnerbeingthelastpersontostand(orrathertositand

sweat).Thestartingtemperaturewas110degreesandwaterwouldbepouredontothestoveevery30seconds.

Thecompetitioncametoanendin2010,though,whentragedystruckandoneofthecontestantsdiedduringthe

eventandanotherwasseverelyinjured.

(B)1.WhatdoesthetextsayabouttheWorldWormCharmingChampionship?

A.Ilhasnt)limelimit.

B.Ithasnorequirementfortools.

C.Itsrecordsarebrokenfrequently.

D.Itsparticipantsaremainlyteenagers.

(C)2.WhywastheWorldToeWrestlingCompetitioncreated?

A.Toraisepeople'sinterestinsports.

B.TodemonstratethecreativityofBritishmen.

C.TofacilitatetheUK'swinningchampionships.

D.Tocompeteagainstamiwrestling.

(D)3.Whichcompetitionisnolongerheld?

A.TheWorldWormCharmingChampionship.

B.TheWorldToeWrestlingCompetition.

C.TheWorldBeardandMoustacheChampionship.

D.TheWorldSaunaChampionship.

B(2025・湖南师大附中月考)

GanErkeisamasterofChir.eselacquerware(漆器)andinheritoroftheHuizhoulacquerwaredecoration

technique—anational-levelintangibleculturalheritage.Gandevotedhislifetocreatingdelicatelacquerware

pieceswhilerevivingsomeelementsofthecraftthatwereclosetobeinglost.Heaimstotakethisancientartform

tonewheightswhilepreservingitsessenceandmaintainingChina'sworld-classstandards.

Lacquerware,anancientdecorativetechnique,involvescoatingobjectswithnaturalsap(液，汁)fromlacquer

trees.Chinaisconsidereditsbirthplace,asevidencedbyfindingsfromtheJingtoushansiteinEastChina's

ZhejiangProvince,revealingthattheancientChinesewereamongthefirsttoapplylacquertreesapsome8.000

yearsago.

Creatinglacquenvaredemandspatienceandprecision.Completingasinglepiecerequiresatleastthreeto

fourmonths,orevenayear.Theprocessinvolvesmultiplesteps—formingthebase,sanding,applyingcoatsof

coloredlacquer,drying,repeatinglacquercoals,anddryingdozensoftimes,followedbysandingthefinish,

buffingandpolishingit——resultinginabrilliantsurfacewithdynamicpatternsincontrastingshades.

Gan'sjourneybeganatalocalartsandcraftsfactoryfrom1979to1986,wherehegaineddeepinsightsinto

theglowingcraft'sheritage.HefoundthatalthoughitoriginatedinChina,aconcerninggapexistsbetween

China'straditionallacquertechniquesandcontemporaryworks,particularlycomparedtoJapan'smodemlacquer

mastery.ThisrealizationinspiredGantoconductdeepresearch.4tMade-in-Chinalacquerwareshouldstandequal

to,ifnotsurpass,anyotherlacquerwareglobally/*Gansays.

DeterminedtoelevateChineselacquenvaretoitsdeservedeminence,Ganembarkedonanartisticquest.The

depictionthatguidedGanstates:k'Thcrcarcpatternslikefloatingclouds,roundflowers,andoverlappingpine

barktextures.Therearepieceswithaglossyredsurface,pursuedasthebeautyofextremesmoothness."Gan

recallshisearlyeffortstocreateanantique-styleinkstoneboxbasedonancienttextsandsays,“IknewwhatI

neededtoachieve,butthepathwasunclear.Eachfailedattemptmeantgrindingoffthesurfaceandrepaintingit

countlesstimes.”

(D)4.Whatcanbeinferredfrom(hecreationoflacquerware?

A.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.

B.Betterlatethannever.

C.Strikewhiletheironishot.

D.Hastemakeswaste.

(B)5.Whatcanweknowabou:Gan?

A.Hehardlyreliedonancienttechniquestomakelacquenvare.

B.HewasfrustratedwiththelackcfinnovationinChineselacquerware.

C.HethoughtthetechniquesusedinChinawerealreadythebest.

D.Hededicatedhimselftocreatingdecorativepieceswithouttraditions.

(C)6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeGan?

A.Honest.B.Impatient.

C.Dedicated.D.Conservaiive.

(B)7.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toexplain(hedetailedstepsincreatinglacquenvare.

B.ToshowcaseGan'sjourneywiththeChineseheritageandhisefferts.

C.Tohighlightthegapbetweentraditionalandmodernlacquerware.

D.TointroducetheimportanceofChineselacqucrwarc.

C(2025•山东省青岛市期末统考)

Greyreefsharksnowhavetoabandonthecoralreefstheycallhome.Scientists,usingacombinationof

satelliteremotesensingandanetworkofsoundreceiversontheseabed,havediscoveredsharksaredeserting

coralreefsattimesofenvironmentalstressfromhightemperaturesthatcanleadtocoralbleaching(白化)events.

Aninternationalresearchteamattachedsoundtrackerstomorethan120sharksandinstalledreceivers

aroundcoralreefstomonitorsharkmovementsintheIndianOceanbetween2013and2020.Thishasimportant

consequencesforboththesharksandthereefs.Theresearchresultsprovidethefirstevidenceofhowreefchange

inresponse(oenvironmentalstress,somethingthatisbecomingbothmoreextremeandmorefrequent,is

affectingthemovementofsharks.Greyreefsharksarecommon,residentpredators(捕食者)tothereefsofthe

Indo-Pacific,venturingawayfrom(hereeftofeed.Manyarechoosingtomoveintooffshore,deeperandcooler

waters,whichisconcerning.Manyreefsaroundtheglobehavealreadyseenasignificantdeclineinshark

numbersduetoexploitationandthisfindinghasthepotentialtoaccelerateiheirend.

Importantly,sharksaremovingaway,whichimpactsthefragilebalanceinreefecosystems.Aslarge

predators,greyreefsharksplayaveryimportantroleincoralreefecosystems.Theymaintainadelicately

balancedfoodwebonthereefandtheyalsocyclenutrientsontocoralreefsfromdeeperwaterswheretheyoften

feed.Alossofsharksandthenutrientstheybringcouldaffecttherecoveryofreefsduringperiodsofhigh

environmentalstress.

Asclimatechangebringsincreasinguncertaintyandmoreandmorefrequentextremestressevents,the

importantecologicalrolethesepredatorsplayoncoralreefsislikelytochange,astheyspendmoretimeaway

fromthereefstheyareattachedtoTheimplicationsofthisarenotyetfullyunderstoodbutgiventhecomplex

balanceofspeciesandnutrientinteractionschatoccuroncoralreefs,therewillcertainlybesubstantialchanges.

(A)8.Whatisthemainreasonbehindthechangesinthereefs?

A.Globalwarming.B.Oceanpollution.

C.Illegalhunting.D.Ecologicalimbalance.

(D)9.Whatdothewords“theIrcnd''refertoinParagraph2?

A.Thehuntingofsharks.

B.Thedestructionofreefs.

C.Theexploitationofreefs.

D.Thereductioninthenumberofsharks.

(D)10.What'stheeffectofsharks'movingaway?

A.Itisreducingthenutrientsinthesea.

B.Itisaddingtotheenvironmentalstress.

C.Itisspeedinguptherecoveryof(hereefs.

D.Itisbreakingtheunderseaecologicalbalance.

(B)11.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Sharkschangetheirdietaryhabits.

B.Coralreefsarcleftbehindbysharks.

C.Sharksarefacedwithpredatorythreats.

D.Coralreefs'damagedrawspublicattention.

D(2025•江苏省扬州市期末统考)

Aparasocialrelationship(PSR)isgenerallydefinedasarelationshipinwhichonememberoftherelationship

isn'tawareoftheother.Forexample,afanlovesacelebrity,butthecelebritydoesn'tknowtheyexist.

Theterm“parasocialrelationships“firstappearedinthe1950s,whenpsychologiststriedtounderstandhow

televisionviewersreactedtoTVpersonalitiesspeakingtothemdirectlyoutofthescreen.Laterinthe70sand80s,

scholarsbegantoassumethatformingparasocialrelationshipswasdrivenbyloneliness.However,peoplewhoarc

notlonelyarejustaslikelytoformaconnectionwith（hatpersononthescreen.Asfandoms（粉丝群）became

merevisiblethroughoutthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,parasocialrelationshipsbecameassociatedwithyouth

andimmaturity.

It'struethatadolescentsparticularlytendtodevelopintenseparasocialrelationshipsbecauseitcanbea

chancetopracticerealadultfeelingsonsomeoneatasafedistance.Butdigitalinteractioncomplicatesthese

naturalrelationships.Sincetheriseofsocialmedia,thephenomenonofparasocialrelationshipshasbeenhugely

amplified（放大）.ThetraditionalarrangementofPSRs,wherethetanhasnoactualcontactwithacelebrity,is

visiblychangedbyournewmeansofcommunicalion—acelebritymightseeafan'smessageorevenreply.

Whenfansaregainingaccesstothecelebritythroughsocialmediaposts,itincreasesthefeelingofcloseness.

Peoplethinktheyreallyhavemoreofarelationshipthantheydo.Onlinefandoms,especiallylargeonesfullof

adolescentswithstrongemotions,cangeneratebadbehavioramongadults.Behaviorthatmighthavebeenlimited

toonepersonorafewpeoplemightbe,thankstosocialmedia,given（hechancetospread.MelStanfill,the

authorofFandomIsUgly,says,“There'sasortofechochambereffect（回声室效应）wherepeopleconvince

themselves,4Everyoneagreeswithineandthereforeweareallrighteousinourapproach.

Panisocialrelationshipsarenaturalandnotinherently（固有地）unhealthy.ButasProfessorGayleStever

says,“Anythingthatcanbetrueaboutaregularsocialrelationshipcanbetrueaboutaparasocialrelationship.n

（B）12.Whichaspectofparasocialrelatio