高中英语选择性必修一Unit1 知识清单

Unit1Peopleofachievement

一.重点单词

1.vitaladj.必不可少的，极其重要的；充满生机的

《1》至关重要beofvitalimportance

《2》对...重要：bevitalto/for

《3》至关重要的是Itisvitalthat…

2.Committedadjo尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的，一commitvt.

承诺，保证。犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事）；投入忌于

--commitmentn.投入,奉献；承诺

《］》犯罪commitacrime

《2》把某物投入到某事上commitsthtosth

《3》抽出一小时读英语:commitanhourtoreadingEnglish

《4》承诺做某事：commitsb/oneselftodoingsth二makea

commilmenllodoingslh

《5》尽力做某事:becommittedlodoingsth

3.Distinct.adjo清晰的；清楚的；有区别的--distinctionn.差

别特性；杰出；殊荣

1.很明显...Itisdistinctihat.…

2.区分开来；区别对待:makeadistinction

3.没有区别：makenodistinction

4.…和...之间的区另ll:distinctionbetween…and...

4.obtain（尤指经努力）获得；赢得（规章、习俗等）存在；流行

1.得到某人许可：obtainone飞permission

2.获准进入、加入:get/obtainanadmissionto

5.acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）：（公开）感谢

-----acknowledgmentn.承认，答谢

《1》承认做某事：acknowledgedoingslh

《2》承认...acknowledgethat….

《3》承认某人、事为、、acknowledgesb/sthas.../tobe….

《4》大家所公认的是...Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat.....

6.defeatn.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜

《1》认输、接受失败、面临失败：admit/accept/facedefeat

《2》惜败、惨败:anarrow/heavydefeat

7.apparent.Adj.显而易见的---apparentlyadv0显而易见、显然

《1》显而易见的是isapparentthat….

8.insistvi./vt.坚持；坚决要求

《1》坚决要求做...insistondoingsth

《2》坚决要求某人做:insistthatsb（should）+动词原形

9.conclusionn.结论；推论

《］》得出结论：comelo/draw/reachaconclusion

《2》匆忙下结论:jumptoconclusions

《3》使…结束:bring…toaconclusion

《4》最后.・・：toconclude

《5》以…结束concludewith

10.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况

《1》在任何情况下:in/undcranycircunislances

《2》如果情况允许:ifcircumstancesallow/peimit

《3》决不（=never）:in/undernocircumstances（放句首时主句用

倒装语序）

11.geniusn.天才;天资;天赋

《1》做某事的天才：ageniusatdoingsth

《2》有（做）某事的才能haveageniusfordoingsth

12.passionn.酷爱；激情

《1》充满激情地:withpassion

《2》唤起某人的激情:arouseone'spassion

《3》充满激情：befilledwithpassion

《4》酷爱...haveapassionfor

13.consequencen.结果；后果--consequentadj,----consequentlyadv.

结果，因此

《1》结果，因此:asaconsequence二二inconscquence=asaresult

《2》作为…的结果:asaconsequenceofconsequenceof=asa

resultof

《3》承担、承受、面临（某事的）后果:take/suffer/facetheconsequences

ofsth

《4》不重要的，元足轻重的：oflittle/noconsequence

14.encountervt,偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅；遭遇

同义短语：偶然遇到；偶然发现;comeacross/runacross

15.sumvi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和

《1》概括起来说:tosumup

《2》许多，大量:asumof

《3》一大笔钱：alargesumofmoney

《4》作总结；概括地说：sumup

二.重点短语

《1》standupto经得住（检验等）

1.支持，维护：standupfor

2.代表，象征:standfor

3.袖手旁观；支持某人；信守，遵守（诺言、协定）:standby

4.突出，显眼，脱颖而出：standout

《2》cometopower（开始）掌权；上台（强调动作）

1.执政（状态）beinpower

2.为某人能力所能及：beyondone'spower

3.在能力（权力）之内：withinone'spower

《3》takeup占用（时间），占据空间；接受；开始从事

1.占用大量的时间:lakeupaloloflime

2.占空间：takeupspace/room

3.开始从事写作:takeupwriting

4.拆开，拆卸:takeapart

5.吸收；理解；收留；欺骗：takein

6.脱下；起飞；突然开始成功，突然大受欢迎；休假：takeoff

7.呈现；雇用；承担：takeon

8.接管，接任：takeover

9.注意至U:takenoticeof

三.重点句式

1.On/upon+n/ving是介词短语，表示“一…就…”作时间状语

教材原句

1.获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于

我…”

UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,

“Thehonourisnotjustmine.…”

句式仿写

2.一旦看到它，你就永远不会忘记它。

On/uponhearingit,youwillneverforgetit.

总结”一…就「的其他表达法：

3.一…就…（引导时间状语从句）assoonas

4.Hardly/scarely…wharr../nosooner….than注意:当hardly.

Scarcely,nosoonerthan位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，

从句不用倒装）

5.一看见、听见、、atthesight/soundof

6.名词作连词、后跟句子themoment/minute/instant/second+

句子

7.副词用作连词，后跟句子：immediately/instantly/directly+句

±

2.Itisanhonorforsb/sthtodoslh对某人、某物来说做某事是个

荣耀。

1.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播，确实是一个荣

誉。

ItisindeedanhonorforChina'sscientificresearchand

Chinesemedicinetospreadaroundtheworld.

句式仿写

2.我很荣幸能站在这里演讲。

It'sagreathonorformetostandhereandgivemyspeech.

3.Itstrikessbthat….某人突然想到…

1.某人突然想到…的其他表达方式：sthoccurstosb/sthhits

sb/sthstrikessb/Itoccurstosbthat.../Ithitsbthat...

句式仿写

2.我突然想到我们应该制订一个新计划。

Itoccurredtom。thatweoughttomakeanewplan.

3.Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuch

potentialandthatthedeathofcowwasabitofluck.

4.Asthough/if从句（虚拟语气）

教材原句

1.他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似

的竖起来。

Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,which

sometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceived

anelectricshock.

注意：asif/though从句用虚拟语气

从句用一般过夫时（与现在事实相反）

从句用过去完成时（过去事实相反）

从句用would/could/mightdo形式（与将来的事

实相反）

句式仿写

2.ItwasJohnwhobroke[hewindow.Whyareyou

talkingtomeasifIhaddoneit（好像是我干•的）？

3.Hetreatshiseldersisterasthoughshewerea

stranger.（好像她是一个陌生人）。

提能强化练

I.阅读理解

A

Whenshefirststartedlearningaboutclimatechangefromoneofherelders,FawnSharpwas

invitedonahelicopterflightovertheOlympicMounUinstosuneytheMountAnderson

glacier.Buttheglacierwasgone,meltedbythewarmingclimate.Sharphadadeepsenseofloss

whenshediscoveredtheglacierwasn'Ithereanymore.

Lossisagrowingissueforpeopleworkingandlivingon（hefrontlinesofclimate

changc.AndthatgaveJenniferWrenAtkinson,afull-timelecturerattheUniversityofWashington

Bothell.US,anideaforaclass.

Thisterm,shetaughtstudentsontheBothellcampusabouttheemotionalburdensof

environmentalstudies.SheusedtheexperiencesofNativeAmericantribes（nP^）,scientistsand

activists,andaskedher24studentstofacetherealitythat（hereisnoeasyfix-that“thisissuchan

intractableproblemthatthey'rcgoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives^^.

StudentCodyDillonusedtobeaclimatescienceskeplic（'怀疑论者）.Thenhedidhisown

readingandresearch,andchangedhisinind.

Dillonwasn*（goingintoenvironmentalwork—hewasacomputer-sciencemajor.Y3t,（he

potentialfbraworldwideenvironmentalcatastropheseemedsorealtohimfiveyearsagothathe

quithisjobandbecameafull-timevolunteerforanenvironmentalgroupthatworkedon

restoration（恢复）projects.

Sixmonthsintothework,hedecidedthatAtkinson,sclasswasjustwhathewaslooking

fbr-aplacewherehecoulddiscusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.

Atkinsonsaidshehopedtheclasshelpedherstudentspreparethemselvesfortheamountof

environmentallossthatwouldhappenovertheirlifetimes.

“Wearcalreadychangingtheplanet—somanyspeciesarcgoingtobelost,displacedor

massivelyimpacted,"shesaid."Thefutureisn'tgoingtobewhattheyimagincd.^^

l.WhydidtheauthormentionthecaseofFawnSharp?

A.TolayabasisfbrFawnSharp'sfurtherresearch.

B.ToproveFawnSharp'sworkissimilartoAtkinson's.

C.Toleadintotheissueoflosscausedbyclimatechange.

D.TDshowscientists'concernabouttheMountAndersonglacier.

2.What,sthemainpurposeofAtkinson'sclass?

A.lbexplorehowdifferentpeopledealwithclimatechange.

B.Togetstudentsmoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentalissue.

C.TofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalissueofOlympicMountains.

D.Toteachstudentshowtoconductresearchaboutenvironment.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsUlintractable,,underlinedinparagraph3?

A.Simple.B.Difficult.

C.Common.D.Interesting.

4.HowdidAtkinson'sclassinfluenceDillon?

A.Itmadehimworkasapart-timevolunteerforrestorationprojects.

B.Itmadehimrealizeaplanet-wideclimatedisasterwouldhappen.

C.Itencouragedhimtobemoreinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.

D.Itdiscouragedhimtoworkonrestorationprojectsfortheenvironment.

B

Tosolveabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmall:anew

minirobotwiththepurposeofhelpingcleanuptinyplasticpollutingwateracrosstheglobe.

Thenewmicrorobots,eachofwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofapencil,aremagnetic（磁性的）

andshapedlikefour-pointedstars.Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswiminaspecific

direction:whenthesunlightdisappears,lheyslopmoving.Findingapieceofplastic,theyholdonto

it,producechemicalreactionsandstarttobreakitdown.

TheprojectisledbychemistMartinPumera,aresearcherwhoalsostudieswaystobuild

microrobotsatIheCzechUniversityinPrague.Abouttenyearsago.henoticedthemicroplastic

waseverywhere,fromthebottomoftheoceantotheiceonthelopofmountains.lteventurnedup

indrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Justthinkabouthowmuchplasticyouencounter

everyday.Itdoesn'teasilydegrade（降解）,whichisabigproblem.Therefore.Pumerachcseto

focusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.

Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesofplasticinthelab.Afteraweek,alIfour

begandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentoftheirweight,whichindicatedtheywere

breakingdown.Therobotsalsoturnedtheplastic1ssmoothsurfaceintorough.Finallyjhcycould

becollectedforreusealongwiththeplasticwastewithoutcausingnewpollution.

Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Thesemicrorobotsareunlikelyto

succeedindegradingalltypesofplastics.They,11alsoneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey're

safeinopenwaterways,suchasatsea.Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbe

overcome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.

5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewmicrorobot?

A.Itisofaroundshape.

B.Itisassmallasapencil.

C.Itisdrivenbysunlight.

D.Itusesphysicalreaction.

6.Wha(inspiredPumera(odesignthemicrorobot?

A.Theiceonthemountains.

B.Secretsoftheoceanbottom.

C.Thelackofdrinkingwater.

D.Themicroplasticpollution.

7.Howdoesaniicrorobotdealwiththeplastic?

A.Collectingitforreuse.

B.Makingitssurfacesmooth.

C.Absorbingitcompletely.

0.Breakingitdowntosomeextent.

8.WhatisPumeraJsattitudetotheirfutureresearch?

A.Doubtful.B.Confident.

C.Regretful.D.CriticaL

n.七选五

(2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟)

Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalkingswonderfulformofexerciseatno

cost.It,skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.1

Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou*regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroute

dayafterday,ormaybeyou'renewtowalkingandaren,tsurehowtogetstarted.2Ask

yourself,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofwalkingasidefromthehealthbenefitsVDoyouwantto

meetotherpcople?Sccnewplaces?Getoutintothecountrysideorexploreanewcity?Kncwing

yourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.

Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.3Many

mallshavegroupsthatcomeeveryday,oreveryweekend.to“walkthemalT'.Thesegroupsare

alwayshappytoincludeonemorewalker!

4Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparks(hatincludequietwalkingtrails

gettingyouoffthebeatenpath.ThankstotheRailstoTrailsprogramjailwaysacrossthecountry

arebeingtransformedintoscenicwalkingpathsthatareaperfectwaytoseekcalmness.

Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.

5_It,safantasticwaytogettoknowaplacebythepowerofyourowntwofeet.

A.Thismonth,pickupamapandstartwalking.

B.Askyourfriendswheretheyliketowalkandjustgothere

C.Youmayaswellconsiderheadingtoanewcityforachange.

D.Eitherwayjl'stimeloaccepttheideaofwalkingwithapurpose.

E.Recenlly,sciencehasprovedthatwalkingisgoodforyourbodyshape.

F.Andbestofall,it'sagreatwaytoseenewthingsandmeetnewpeople!

Gifyou'reafterwalkingalone,askaboutlocalhikesthatgetyouawayfromthecrowd.

in.兑形填空「一

InanationalspellingcontestinAmerica,an11-year-oldgirlwasaskedtospellacertain

word.ButwithherIvoice,(hejudgeswerenotsurewhethershespelledtherightword.They

talkeditoverand2decidedtosimplyaskherwhatshehadsaid.Bythen,thegirlknewshe

hadmisspelledtheword.Insteadoflying,shetoldthetruththatshehadsaidthe3letter—so

shelostthecontest.

Asthegirlwalkedoffthe4,theentireaudiencestood,clappingtoapplaudher

honesty.Laler,dozensofnewspaperreporterswroteaboutChis5,eventhoughi(costthegirl

thecontest.Butthefactis(hatshe6thebiggestcontestthatday:thccontestofher

character.

Probablythebiggesttestofourcharacterandhonestyiswhatwewoulddoifweknewwe

wouldneverget_7_.Thisyounggirlcouldeasilyhave8andnobodywouldhaveknown

itbutherself.Butit'sbeensaidthatifyou9,youmakeyourselfcheap.Thisyounggirlwas

10_enoughtoprizeherowncharactermorethantheprizefromaspellingcontest.Sheknewthe

11__shemadeinthatmomentwillhavealong-lastinginfluenceonherfuture.

Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor12tothe

policeman?Shouldthe13changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor14?Nobodvwill

knovv.Butwehavetolivewithourselves,anditisalwaysbeltertolivewithsomeonewe

15.

l.A.highB.sweet

C.toughD.soft

2.A.finallyR.serously

C.secretlyD.totally

3.A.corrcctB.wrong

C.differentD.same

4.A.stageB.studio

C.testD.cla*room

5.A.lessonB.story

C.courageD.accident

6.A.achievedB.broke

C.wonD.dcfcatcd

7.A.paidB.awarded

C.reportedD.caught

S.A.escapedB.lied

C.changed□.answered

9.A.acceptB.fight

C.chcatD.insist

10.A.smartB.ger.erous

C.energeticD.inlerested

11.A.planB.conclusion

C.discoveryD.choice

12.A.turnedoverB.pulaway

C.sctasideD.takcndown

13.A.smallB.some

C.extraD.necessary

14.A.ignoredB.paid

C.shared0.returned

15.A.protectB.challenge

C.respectD.attack

IV.语法填空

(2022全国甲卷)

Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(彳走步)40daystoXi'an,asafirst

step1.(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.

Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,2.losthiseyesightat

theageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.Inspiredby(he

BeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation3.(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedto

covertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4.friendof

his,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduring(hetrip.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental5.

(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore6_______________(meaning).The

twoofthemcollectedmorethan1.000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao7.(walk)through34countriesinsix

continents,andin2OI6,hereachedthelopofKilimanjaro,Africa's8.(high)

mountain.

Now.Caohasstartedthesecondpar(ofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.He

flew4,700kilometers9.Xi'antoKashgaronSept.20,10.(plan)to

hikebacktoXi*aninfivemonths.

参考答案

UNIT1

提能强化练

[.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。FawnSharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识

到了冰川融化和环境污染问题的严重性洞时JenniferWrenAtkinson决定给学生开设课

程，教学生如何面对环境污染，让更多的学生关注环境问题。

1.C推理判断题。通读第一段可知,FawnSharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导

致了冰川融化。由此可推知,作者在第一段中提及FawnSharp的例子是为了引出下文气

候变化导致环境问题的话题。

2.B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，由于气候变化引起环境问题，她产生了在大学开

设环境保护课程的想法。由此可知,Atkinson开设课程的目的是让学生更加关注环境问

题。

3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“noeasyfix”以及下文的"they'regoingtobedealing

withitfortherestoftheirlives”可知，这是一个十分困难的问题，以至于学生们要用他们的

余生来解决它。

4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Sixmonthsintothework...discusshisconcernsabouta

changingclimale.”可知,Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson的课

堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧。由此可推知,Atkinson的课鼓励Dillon更多地参与

到环境保护中。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一和新型微型机器人，它可以帮助清理

污染水道的塑料碎片。

5.C细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswimina

specificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappearsjheystopmoving.”可知，新型微型机器人是

由阳光驱动的。故选C项。

6.D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Abouttenyearsago,henoticed...easilydegrade,whichisa

bigproblem.Therefbre,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedby

microplaslic.”可知，微塑料不容易降解，无处不在。微塑料污染给环境带来了挑战,这是吸

引Pumera从事该项研究的原因之一。由此可知，微塑料污染激发了Pumera设计微型机

器人的灵感。故选D项。

7.D细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesof

plasticinthelab.Afteraweek,allfourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentof

theirweight,whichindicatedtheywerebreakingdown.“可知，仅一周时间，塑料的重量成辂,

这说明微型机器人可以在某种程度上分解塑料。故选D项。

8.B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbe

ovcrcomc.Somcday,thcmicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.''可

知,Pumera认为，研究中的这些挑战是可以克服的，微型机器人在未来将发挥重要作用。由

此可知，他对未来的研究很有信心。放冼B项。

II.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步对人的一些好处，以及如何选

择散步路线的建议。从对心脏的好处到对整体的快乐，散步是非常好的。文章最后倡导人

们开始散步。

1.F根据上文“Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalkingswonderfulformof

exerciseatnocost.“可知，本句承接上文继续说明散步的好处。故F项符合上下文语境。

2.D结合下文“Askyourself...Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalk

youwanttodo.”可知，本句是在说明要带着目标散步,下文一系列设问句是在解释如何寻

找目标。故D项符合上下文语境。

3.B彳艮据上文“Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyour

aim.”可知,如果想要和朋“支一起散步社交，那么需要了解他们喜欢去哪里散步。故B项符

合上下文语境。

4.G才艮据下文“Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequiet

walkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.“可知，本段是在说明如果想一个人散步，可以

选择去大城市的花园或公园里。故G项符合上下文语境。

5.A彳艮据上文“Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjust

plaingoodforyou.”并且本段为文章最后一段，有总结上文的作用，上文提到了散步的好处

和选择，那么此处应当是倡导人们开始散步。故A项符合上下文语境。

in.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一个参加拼字比赛的小女孩因为

选择诚实而输掉比赛的故事告诫读者，“在别人不知情的情况下你选择如何做”才是真正

品性的写照。

1.D根据下文“thejudgeswerenotsurewhethershespelle