高一英语暑假预习：形容词和副词（人教）教师版

形容词和副词(初高考点差异及衔接)

鳖课程要求

学习了形容词作定语、表语时的用法，副词修饰形容词或作状语的用法。

初中要求

同时掌握了它们的比较级和最高级的构成，知道了如何在具体语境中应用。

重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法，以及形容词和副词之间的

高中要求转换。考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握形容词和

副词之间相互转换的规则，以及同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。

口△基础知识

【初中形容词副词考点聚焦】

考点一形容词副词的基本用法

根据汉语提示完成句子

I.Thereisnothingimportantintoday'snewspaper.

今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。

2.Hisideasounds?reaJ.他的主意听起来很棒。

3.1canhardlyhearyou.我几乎听不见你。

4.Thismathproblemismuchtoodifficull.(toomuch/muchloo)这道数学题太难了。

5.1don'tlikepigseither.我也不喜欢猪。

6.1tissosmallthatIcan'tsecit.它这么小,以至于我看不见它。

7.1haven'tdonethisIhinqyel.这件事情我还没做。

8.Youarequiterighl.你相当正确。

9.F1Iwaitfbryouhere.我将在这儿等你。

IO.Theydidtheirexperimentscarefullyinthelabyesterday.昨天他们在实验室认真地做实

验。

11.1canneverforgettheday.我永远也不能忘掉这一天。

12Thcroomisbigenoughtoholdfiftypersons.这个房间足够大，可以容纳50人。

考点二形容词副词比较等级的用法

IHeisastallashisfather.他和他的父亲一样高。

2Thefilmistooboring.这部电影太无聊了。

31(isevencolder【oday.今天甚至更冷了。

4Suzhouisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.苏州变得越来越美丽了。

5Thispictureisthebestofall.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。

6Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.她是我们班第二高的女生。

考点三形容词副词词义辨析

根据所给单词或汉语提示填空

ll'minterestedintheinterestingnews.(interest)

2Forfuriher(far)information,pleasecallmeat78321983.

311\gettingdark(天黑).Let'sgohome.

4Thatsick(生病的)boywasseentowalkinthegardenjustnow.

5ItseemsthatIhavemetyousomewherebefore.(ago:befbre)

6—Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovelyet?

一Yes,Ihavealreadyfinishedit.(yet;already)

7Hewassotiredthatdaythathewenttobedearly.(too;so)

8Youcan'teattoomuchmeat;youaremuchtoofat.(muchtoo;toomuch)

9Ifyoudon'tworkhard(hard;hardly)enoughjdon'tthinkyourdreamwillcometrue.

【高中形容词副词考点聚焦】

?+谓语淮数+比较级+ihan+B

谓更+倍数三+原级+as+B

谓语+倍数妙上名词+oj”

考点1形容词和副词的基本用法

1.在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副

词的用法，如before,ago,many,much,ever,never等。

2.有些副词，如(un)fortunately,(un)luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally,

obviously,evidently,generally等，作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位

于句首，且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点，有助于快速填空。

3.连接副词的用法

连接副词逻辑语意意义

though表转折虽然，然而

yet表转折然而，可是

however表转折，其后常用逗号然而，但是

instead表转折或相反相反，代替

otherwise表转折否则

besides表递进另外，而且

moreover表递进再说，而且

still表递进仍然，依然

therefore表结果因此

thus表结果因此

anyway表让步无论如何

【点津】注意however是常考词，而且尤其要注意，所填空位于句首时，勿忘大写笫一个

字母！短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。

*Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot,wantnot.''Noneofus,however,can

completelyavoidwasteinourlives.

经典例题

用所给词的适当形式填空

Weare(determine)thatourtrainingshouldkeeppacewiththecurrentdevelopmentin

education.

解题关键：根据语境和结构可知，此处为句子的表语，应用形容词放于be后面。

答案判定:determined

单句改错

1.1wassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.(去掉much)

2.Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourback

garden,(before改为ago)

3.Therearesomuchtomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.(much改为

many)

4.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(much改为well/clearly)

5.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.(never改为ever)

单句语法填空

1.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir(pei-son)stories

cheerfully.

2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).

3.Ellneverforgetthe(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing,ChinaandIhopetogo

therenexttimewithmyfriends.

4.Hespentsevendaysin(hewindandsnow,coldand(hunger).

5.IfoundlifeintheUKquite(differ)fromthatinChina.

6.Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.

7.(lucky)»healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.

8.Iam(terrible)sorrythatIcan'tgotothebookstorewithyou£tthe

appointedtime.

【解析】l.personal2.disappointed3.amazing4.hungrj,5.different6.officially7.Luckily8.terribly

考点2比较级、最高级的用法

有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点：

1.等级用法的固定句式

(l)as+形容词或副词原级+as...像……一样……

(2)as+a歹.+a(n)+n.单数+as...像...一样....

(3)notso/as+形容词或副词原级+as...不如...那样....

(4)too/how+a"+a/an+单数名词的固定句型

(5)asmany+复数名词+as...或者asmuch+不可数名词+as…和...一样多

⑹表示“两者中较……的一个"，用“the+比较级”的结构

注意：asmuch+a/an+〃.单数+a$…既是...又是....

*Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们通常认为教学既是

一门艺术也是一门科学。

2.修饰比较级的副词及副词短语

abit,alittle,ralliur,much,far,byfar,manylimes,alol,agreatdual,any,slill,

even,no等。见到这些词时，首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级形式。

注意：very,quite,fairly,too等通常修饰原级。

3.否定词十比较级表示最高级

*Yourstoryisperfect;Fveneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了，我之前从

来没有听过比这更好的故事。

*1can'tagreemore.我再同意不过了。

【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点，常出现标

志性的单词，如as,than等，也常通过设置语境，让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高

级，所以准确理解语境意义，理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。

⑵在写作中要注意对“th什比较级...，the+比较级...”这一句式结构的掌握，在两个

ihe+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。

阂经典例题用所蛤句的适当形式填空

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)

(hannon-runners.

解题关键：根据句中的than可知，此处应用比较级。

答案判定:longer

朗经典例题通句语法填空

1.Evenworse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

2.It'struethatthejobmarketismuchharder(hard)thesedays.

3.Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetter(good)oneisputforward,wellmake

dowithit.

4.Thisisbyfarthemostinspiring(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.

1.The(much)wedoforthoseinneed,thehappierwellbe.

2.Roadsafetyhasaroused(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.

3.Duringtheendof(he19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury,BeijingOperafnally

formedandbecamethe(big)ofalloperasinChina.

4.MrGreenisn'tasstrictateacherMrWhite.

5.Ihavenevermeta(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.

6.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes(fast)(hantradiiional

garbageasawhole.

7.Thisrestaurantwasn'thalfas(good)asthatonewewentto.

8.Whenyoustudythelocalmap,you'llfindthistownistwicesizeofthat

one.

［答案］1.more2.wicier3.biggest4.as5.kinder6.faster7.good8.the

考点3倍数句型的用法

常见的倍数句型主要有：

1.Ais+倍数十比较级+than+B.

2.Ais+倍数+as+原级+as+B.

3.Ais+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B.

4.the+名词(size,length,heigh1等)+ofA+is+倍数+lhat+of+B.

5.Ais+倍数+what弓I导的名词性从句.

*Smokingisharmfultopeople'shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantraffic

accidents.

吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的人的7倍多。

【点津】

(1)从句型结构的差异词汇出发，牢记各个句型间的细节差异。

⑵在实际应用中，倍数词可以用分数或half,double等词替换。

'ssaidthatthepowerplantisnowtwicelargeaswhatit

was.

解题关键：句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表达法有多种，此处为“倍

数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+其他”结构。注意题干中己经有了一个aso

答案判定：as

礴轻松训练

一.单句语法填空

I.Sometimessuccessdoesn'tonlydependonwhatyoudo;whatyoudon'tdois

(equal)important.

2.AsaChineseoldsayinggoes,"Itis(good)totraveltenthousandmilesthanto

rcadtenthousandbooks.”

3.Weusehumantranslatorsratherthanmachinesaswebelievehumanbeingsaremore

(rely).

4.Littlechildrenaskendlessquestionsbecausetheyare(curiosity)abouleverything.

5.(full)developedbyChina,Q-Truck,thee-truck,featuresinnovationinboth

designandperformance.

6.Theteachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentvery

muchfbrthesweetwater.

7.Whentheysawhowdeepthepitwas,theytoldthetwofrogsthattheywereasgoodas

(die).

8.Insteadhejumpedeven(hard)andfinallymadeit.

9.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe

(loud)ofall.

10.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmeals

andwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be(care)nottogoto

extremes.

I.cqually2.better3.reliable4.curious5.Fuliy6.warmly7.dcad8.harder9.1oudestl0.carcful

二.用所给词的适当形式填空

Londonisoneofthe1.(large)citiesintheworld.Itspopulationis2.

(small)(hanTokyoorShanghai,butitisoneofthe3.(popular)touristdestinationsof

all.Londonisprobablymostfamousforitsmuseums,galleries,palacesandothersights,butit

alsoincludesa4.(wide)rangeofpeoples,culturesandreligions(hanmanyotherplaces.

Peopleusedtosaythatitwasthedirtiestcitytoo,butitisnowmuch5.(clean)thanit

was.Tothesurpriseofmanypeople,itnowhassomeofthe6.(good)restaurantsin

Europetoo.Forsomepeople,thismakesLondon(he7.(exciting)cityinEurope.

Unfortunately,Londonisdefinitelynotthe8.(expensive)cityinEurope,thougha

holidayinLondonisgoodvalueformoney,consideringwhatthereistoseeanddothere.

【答案】1.largest2.smaller3.mostpopular4.wider5.cleaner6.best7.mostexciting

8.leastexpensive

A13-yearstudyofearlychildhood](develop)madebyHarvardUniversityhassnown

that,bytheageofthree,nostchildrenhavethebigpotentialtounderstandabout1,000

words—mostofthelanguagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlives.

2(addition),theresearchhasshownthatwhileeverychildwasbornwitha_3

(nature)curiosity,itcandecline4(great)duringthesecondandthirdyearsof

life.Researcherssaythatthehumanpersonalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,and

during(hefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthe5(base)skillstheywilluseinalltheir_6

(late)learningbothathomeandatschool.

Itis7(general)acknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrom8(poor)socio-economic

backgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.Asaresultoftheresearchevidenceof

theimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachild'slife,apilot(试验性的)programmethatfocused

onparentsasthechild'sfirstteachersstartedintheUS.Astheprogrammeshows,workingwith

thefamily,ratherthanbypassing(绕开)theparents,isthemost9(effect)wayofhelping

childrengetoffto(he10(good)possiblestartinlife.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

【答案】

1.developmenl2.Additionally?.nalural4.greally5.basic6.later7.generally8