2006年高考英语第一轮复习专练（上海专用）概要写作（3大易错点+易错闯关练）学生版+解析

易错21概要写作（3大易错点+易错闯关练）

01易错点剖析

易错01：信息冗余或遗漏

■易错典题

【例】

（2025年上海黄浦区高三一模英语概要写作）

由题句：Theconceptof"slowreading"hasregainedpopularityasaresponsetothefast-paced

digitalage.分论点1：Unlikeskimmingorscanningonlinecontent,slowreadingemphasizesdeep

comprehensionbyfocusingoneverywordandsentence,whichhelpsreadersgrasptheauthor's

hiddenintentions.细节例证：Forexample,whenreadingaclassicnovelslowly,readerscan

betterappreciatethesubtleemotionsconveyedthroughthecharacters'dialogues.分论点2：Slow

readingalsooffersmentalbenefits—itreducesstressbyallowingthebraintoescapetheconstant

flowofinformationfromsmartphonesandsocialmedia.结论：Thoughittakesmoretime,slow

readingisvaluedforitsabilitytoenhancereadingqualityandmentalwell-being.

Writeasummaryofthepassageinnomorethan60words.

学生典型错误答案（冗余；遗漏）

Theconceptof"slowreading"ispopularnowbecauseof:hcfastdigitalage.Unlikeskimming

online,itletsreadersreadeverywordandsentence.Forexample,readingaclassicnovelslowly

helpsappreciateemotions.Italsoreducesstressfromphones.Ittakestimebutisgood.

【错因分析】

照抄原文例尸'Forexample,readingaclassicnovelslowlyhelpsappreciateemotions''；重复表达

“ispopularnow,wtisgood”等模糊表述

概要需舍弃具体例证，保留核心观点；重复表达浪费字数且无实质信息，违反“简洁性”原则

信息遗漏

未提炼“de印comprehension”这一核心特征；丢失"enhancereadingquality”这一关键结论核心

特征和结论是文章逻辑闭环的关键，遗漏会导致主旨不完整，违反“完整性”评分要点

a避错攻略

【方法总结】

防兀余：坚决删除例子、数据、细节描写和重匏解释，只保留核心事实与观点。

防遗漏：确保概括段落主旨、关键论点及核心结论，遵循“谁-做响-果”原则抓取主干。

核心：用自己的话转述，而非照抄原文。完成后，核对摘要是否独立、连贯地呈现了原文精

髓。

【干货必记】

防冗余"三不原则

不写例子(e.g..Forexample...)

不引数据(eg,60%,100people)

不录细节(eg,时间、地点等具体修饰成分)

不抄原句(必须进行同义改写)

防遗漏“四要素”检查(必须包含)

核心主题(Topic)：文章讨论的对象。

关键论点(KeyArguments)：支撑主题的核心分点。

主要事实(MainFacts)：论证论点的最重要依据。

结论/影响(Conclusion/Effect)：文章的最终观点或产生的结果。

三步操作法

定位主句：划出每段主题句和结论句。

提炼要素：用自己的话概括出上述“四要素

连贯成文：使用连接词，将要点串联成逻辑通顺的段落。

B举一反三

1（2025年上海闵行区高三一模）

原文核心信息

Theme:Thefunctionsofurbancommunitygardens.

Point1:Providefresh,pesticide-freevegetablesandfruitsforresidents,especiallytheelderlywho

can'teasilygotosupermarkets.

Detail:AsurveyinMinhangDistrictshows78%ofgardenparticipantsgetdailyvegetablesfrom

（hegarden.

Point2:Serveasasocialplatform—residentscommunicatewhilegardening,strengthening

neighborhoodbonds.

Point3:Improvelocalenvironmentbyabsorbingcarbondioxideandreducingurbanheatisland

effect.

学生错误答案（冗余+遗漏）

Urbancommunitygardenshavemanyfunctions.Theygivefreshvegetablestoresidents,

especially（heelderly.Asurveysays78%getvegetablesfromthere.Theyalsoletresidentstalk

andmakeneighborscloser.Theyaregoodfortheenvironment.（得分：4/10）

2（2025年上海宝山区高三二模）

原文核心信息

Theme:Studentsshouldlearnbasiccookingskills.

Argument1:Helpsdevelopindependence—studentswon'trelyontakeoutwhenlivingalone.

Detail:Manycollegefreshmencan'tcookandeattakeouteveryday,whichisunhealthy.

Argument2:Promotesfamilyinteraction-cookingwithparentshelpsshareemotionsandinherit

familyrecipes.

Conclusion:Schoolsshouldoffercookingcoursestohelpstudentsmastertheseskills.

学生错误答案（冗余+遗漏）

Studentsshouldlearncookingskills.Manycollegefreshmencan'tcookandcattakeout,whichis

bad.Cookingwithparentsisgoodforcommunication.Soschoolsshouldhavecookingclasses.

3（2025年上海嘉定区高三二模）

原文核心信息

Story:AmiddleschoollauiKheda"no-homeworkweekend"activitylastmonth.

Effect1:Studentshadmoretimeforhobbies—somelearnedpainting,othersplayedsports.

Effect2:Familytimeincreased-manyfamilieswenthikingorhaddinnertogether.

Conclusion:Suchactivitiesreducestudents'pressureandstrengthenfamilyties,somoreschools

shouldadoptthem.

学生错误答案（冗余+遗漏）

Amiddleschoolhada"no-homeworkweekend"lastmonth.Studentsdidhobbieslikepainting

andsports.Familieswenthikingorhaddinner.It'sgood,somoreschoolsshoulddoit.

易错02：逻辑框架混乱

a易错典题

【例】

（2025年上海市浦东新区高三一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Crown（树冠）Shyness

Doyouloveforestbathingortakingwalksintheforests?Thenonceinawhile,you'vewitnessed

asomewhatappealingphenomenoninwhichtreecrownsintheforestseemtodeliberatelykeepto

themselvesandavoidtouchingeachother.Strangeasthismayseem,itis,infact,anatural

phenomenonandhasaname:crownshyness.

Therearcmanytheoriesbehindthisfascinatingphenomenon,butthemostconvincingonerelates

tocompetitionanddefense.Togrowbetter,treesdependonvitalelementssuchassunlight,water,

andsoilnutrients.Bymaintaininggapsbetweentheircrowns,（heycanmaximizetheirintakeof

thesenecessities,ensuringhealthygrowthandabalancedecosystem.Additionally,crownshyness

actsasaprotectivebarrieragainstinsectsanddiseases.Thephysicalseparationbetweentreetops

reducesthespreadofharmfulorganismsandlowerstheriskofwidespreadinfectionthatcould

threatenlargeareasoftheforest.

Thisphenomenon,however,isnotuniformacrossalltrees.Theextentandintensityofcrown

shynesscanvary,withsomegapssmallandotherseparationsobvious.Somepeoplemightthink

thisnaturalphenomenonismerelyarandomoccurrencewithnorealpurpose,butthisisnotthe

case.

Crownshynessallowseachtreetoaccessenoughsunlightbypreventingtheoverlapofbranches.

Itensuresthatsunlightcanreachthelowerbranchesandleaves,promotingtheirgrowthand

enablingefficientenergyproduction.Moreover,crownshynessaidsintheefficientdistributionof

rainfall.Whenrainfallsthroughthetreetops,thegapsbetweentreecrownsactaschannels,

guidingwalertotheforestfloor.Italsoplaysaroleinreducingwindresistance.Thegapsbetween

treecrownscreatepathwaysforwindtopassthroughtheforest,reducingpotentialdamagecaused

bystrongwinds.

逻辑混乱典例（学生作答）

Crownshynessisanaturalphenomenonthattreecrownsavoidtouching.Ithasmanytheories,and

somethinkit'srandom.Ithelpstreesgetsunlightandrain,andreduceswinddamage.Italso

preventsdiseasespread,butitsextentvaries.

【错因分析】

逻辑层次混乱：未区分“核心定义-主要成因-具体作用-特性”的逻辑链，将“成因理论”“随机

认知误区”“实际作用”“程度差异”等要点无序堆砌，缺乏连贯的逻辑衔接。如先提“有很多理

论”，未明确核心成因，就跳跃到“帮助获取阳光”，再回头提“防I上疾病传播”，逻辑断层明

显。

关键信息缺失与冗余并存：遗漏了“最有说服力的成因是竞争与防御”这一核心要点，却冗余

提及“有很多理论”“一些人认为是随机的“等次要信息，导致核心逻辑不突出。

衔接词缺失：未使用“mainlydue10"改$1€^”柒（1击0惘11）产等逻辑衔接词，各要点间缺乏过渡，

无法体现“成因-作用”的因果关系和“多个作用”间的并列关系，加剧逻辑混乱。

9避错攻略

【方法总结】

核心逻辑链：定义/主题一要点（分点不交叉）一结论

衔接词必备：mainlydueto、besides、furthermore>thus

避坑原则：不跳层、不冗余、要点对齐原文逻辑

结构模板：①现象类（定义T成因T影响）②说明类（特性T功能T效果）③方法类（目的

T步骤T意义）

【干货必记】

核心逻辑链模板

现象类：定义一核心成因一主要影响/作用

说明类：事物特性一核心功能一实际效果

方法类：目的一关键步骤-预期意义

观点类：核心论点T支撑论据T结论/启示

逻辑衔接词清单

因果关系：mainlyduelo、thus、therefore>asaresult

并歹U关系：besidesxfurthermoreinadditionmoreover

转折关系：however、nevertheless%yet

点、结关系：inshort、tosumup、overall

避坑原则

不跳层：严格遵循原文逻辑顺序，不颠倒“成因-作用步骤-结果”

不交叉：要点分类清晰，避免同一内容重复或跨类别表述

不冗余：剔除次要信息（如“他人错误观点”“过多理论罗列”），聚焦核心逻辑

快速梳理技巧

圈画原文逻辑信号词（first、because、so、forexample）,定位逻辑层次

用“关键词+箭头”梳理：如“树冠羞避一竞争与防御一获资源+抗病+抗风”

先列3-4个核心要点，再按逻辑链排序，避免无序堆砌

a举一反三

1（2025年上海市奉贤区高三一模）

Directions:Read（hefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand（hemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheSignificanceofCattleinMaasaiSociety

CattlearethetraditionalpartnersoftheMaasaipeopleofEastAfrica.ThetraditionalMaasaidiet

isheavilycenteredaroundcattleproducts.MilkisafundamentalcomponentoftheMaasaidiet,

consumeddailyinvariousforms.Freshmilk,knownas“enkirowua”,isoftendrunkstraightor

mixedwithherbsforaddedflavorandmedicinalbenefits.Processedmilk,or“mokore”，isa

popularvariation,providingarichsourceofnutrition.Meatisanotherimportantpartof(he

Maasaidiet,consumedduringspecialoccasionsandceremonies.Everypartoftheanimalisused,

reflectingtheresourcefulnessandrespectfortheirlivestock.

Cattlerepresentstrengthandthecollectivewealth.CattleholdsignificantvalueinMaasaisocial

life.Socialstatusisheavilyinfluencedbycattleownership.Thenumberofcattleonepossesses

directlyrelatestohisstandinginthecommunity.Thisisparticularlyevidentduringtraditional

ceremoniessuchasweddings,where(heexchangeofcattlegiftssignifiesthestrongbondbetween

familiesandasharedcommilmenttothefuture.Familiesthereshareresponsibilitiesincattlecare

andtheircollectivemanagementpromotesunityandteamwork.Forexample,theprocessof

milkingisasharedtaskinvolvingbothmenandwomenandstrengtheningsocialbonds.Itis

especiallyvitalduringchallengingtimessuchasdroughtsorotherhardshipswhenthewell-being

ofthecattleiscrucial.

CattlealsoplayabigroleinMaasairitualsandceremonies,accompanyingindividualsfrombirth

(odeath.Forexample,thesacrificeofacowduringnamingceremoniesorfuneralsnotonly

celebratestheoccasionbutalsostrengthensthespiritualconnectionwiththeirlivestock.These

ritualshighlightthespiritualimportanceofcattle,alinkbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds,

thusfirmlyestablishingtheircentralroleinMaasaiculture.

2(2025年上海市杨浦区高三一模)

Directions:Read(hefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomore(han60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

SmartPainttoHeatorCool

ScientistsintheUShavedevelopedaspecialpaintthatoffersasimpleandcolorfulwayto

preventhousesfromoverheating.Normally,theexteriorofahouseabsorbsheatfromthesun,

whichraises111cindoorlci:ipcralurc.Thenewpaint,however,isengineeredlureflectthesun's

heatofftheoutsideofthehouse,whichmeanstheinteriordoesn'theatupasmuchinthefirst

place.

Thereareothertypesofreflectivepaint,butthenewoneisthefirsttofocusonmid-infraredlight,

whichisatypeoflightthatthehumaneyecannotseebutthatpeoplefeelaswarmth.Thespecial

paintworksbyreflectingupto80%ofthesun'smid-infraredlight.That's10timesmorethan

regularpaint.1"hebaselayerofthepaintcontainsmetalflakesthatfunctionlikeamirrortoreflect

mid-infraredlight.Thetoplayercontainscolorparticles,whichmakethepaintblue,green,orange,

purple,red,oryellow.Thepaintiswaterproofandworkswellindifferentweatherconditions.

Nearly90%ofallUShouseholdsuseair-conditioning,whichrequiresalotofelectricity.Infact,

coolingresidencesaccountsfor6%ofallelectricityuseintheUSandcostsAmericansabout$29

billionayear.Preventinghomesfromheatingupasmuchwillreducetheneedforair-conditioning

topumpcoolairinto(hebuilding.Inadditiontocoolingahouseinhotsummermonths,thepaint

canalsokeepahomewarmin(hewinter.Whenitisusedonthewallsindoors,itreflectsthe

mid-infraredlightbackintotheroom,keeping(hewarmthin.

Accordingtothepaint'screators,usingitcanreducetheamountofenergyittakestocoolahouse

bynearly21%.Incoldconditions,itcancuttheenergyneededtowarmaroomby36%.Allis

goodnewsnotonlyforpeoplewhocareabouttheenvironmentbutalsoforthosewonyingabout

theirelectricityorheatingbills.

3(2025年上海市黄浦区高三一模)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarize(hemainideaand(hemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

HowtoMakeaGoodResume?

Agoodresumeisthefirststeptolandingajobinterview,soit'scrucialtomakeitstandout.The

firstruleistotailorittothejobyou'reapplyingfor.Avoidsendingagenericresumetoevery

employer;instead,highlighttheskillsandexperiencesthatmatchthejobdescription.Forexample,

ifapplyingforasalesposition,emphasizeyourcommunicationandnegotiationskills.

Clarityandconcisenessarealsokey.Employersoftenhavetoreviewdozensofresumesquickly,

sotheydon'thavetimetoreadlongparagraphs.Useshortsentencesandbulletpointstolistyour

experiencesandachievements.Removeanyirrelevantinfbnnationsuchashobbiesthatdon't

relatetollicjub.

Includingspecificachievementsisanothereffectivewaytomakeyourresumeimpressive.Instead

ofsayingimprovedsales”,write“Iincreasedsalesby30%inthreemonlhs”.Specificnumbers

anddetailsmakeyouraccomplishmentsmorecredibleandshowyouractualcontribution.

Finally,proofreadyourresumecarefully.Spellingorgrammarmistakescanmakeabad

impressiononemployers,evenifyouhaveexcellentqualifications.It'sagoodideatoaskafriend

orcolleaguetocheckitagaintoavoidmissinganyerrors.

易错03：语言表达不规范

2易错典题

【例】

（2025年上海市浦东新区高三一模）

Directions:Read(hefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand(hemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Parentese(babytalk)isauniquewayadultscommunicatewithbabies,featuringrepetitive,

exaggeratedsounds,diminutivewords,slowspeechandemphasizedkeyphrases.Itaimsto

capturebabies'attention,astheirdevelopingbrainsneeddistinctcues.Besides,itbuildsemotional

connectionandconveysaflection,givingbabiesasenseofsecurity.Astudywith2,329babies

from16countriesshowsbabiesuniversallypreferparentese,whichsupports(heirdevelopment.

语言表达不规范典例(学生作答)

Parenteseisawayadultstalktobabies.Ithasmanyfeature,likerepeatsoundsandsmallwords.It

canmakebabiespayattention,feelsafe,andhelpthemdevelop.Manybabiesfrom16countries

likeitverymuch.

【错因分析】

词汇使用不规范：”能ature”为可数名词，此处需用复数“failures“；“repeat”是动词,应改

为形容词“repetitive”修饰名词“sounds”，属于词性混用错误。

语法错误频发：主谓一致不当(“hasmanyfeature”中“feature”未变复数),且简单句堆砌,

缺乏从句或非谓语结构，不符合概要写作语言简洁性要求。

表达冗余且不准确：“verymuch”属于口语化冗余表达，概要写作需正式书面语；未精准概

括“独特沟通方式”“情感连接”等核心要点，仅简单罗列表面信息。

2避错攻略

【方法总结】

词汇规范：优先用书面词(如abundant—>alotof),避免词性错误(repetitive-repeat)

语法避坑：主谓一致、时态统一，多用非谓语/从句(wilh结构、v-ing形式)

句式技巧:拒绝简单句罗列,用衔接词串联(thus、besides)

表达原则：不口语化(剔除very,somuch)、不冗余、不偏离核心

【干货必记】

词汇规范：精准+书面化

词性无错配

易错：manyfeature（n.复数错误）、repeatsounds（v.误用为adj.）

正确：manyfeaturesrepetitivesounds（adj.+n.搭配）

拒绝口语化词汇

替换清单：verymuch—>册”除；alotof—>abundant/plentiful；so—►thus/therefbre；

good—»effective/beneficial

同义替换不跑偏

原文核心词对应：help—>aid/facilitate；avoid—>prevent/mitigate；popular—>pievalent/trendy（45

面语境）

语法避坑：零失误+简洁化

高频语法纠错清单

主谓一致：Thestudyshow—shows；Thesemethod—►methods

时态统一：全文以一般现在时为主，避免随意切换（如find-*found无依据）

非谓语正确使用：Toget-+Getting（作主:语）；supportby-supportedby（表被动）

句式优化：拒绝简单句堆砌

用介词短语替代分句：Ithasmanyfeatures,1汰Withmanyfeaturessuchas...

用从句整合信息:Ithelpsbabies.Itbuildsbonds.—>Ithelpsbabiesandbuildsbonds（并列）/whi合

helpsbabiesandbuildsbonds（定语从句）

用非谓语衔接:Theyabsorbsunlight.Itreducesheat.—>Absorbingsunlight,itreducesheat.

表达原则：简洁+精准+正式

冗余表达必剔除

口语化冗余：very、somuch、reallykindof

重复信息：Thereportisusefulandhelpful—Thereportisuseful

核心信息不遗漏+不添加

避免模糊表述："it'sgoodfbrpeople”—“itbenefitspeopleby..?（精准匹配原文作用）

不主观添加：原文无“veryimportant"，不可随意补充

书面语风格坚守

避免中式表达：“letbabiespayattention"—"attractsbabies'attention''

高频错误速查清单

词性错误useforcommunication（错）

usedforcommunication（对）

名词单复数alotofproblem（错）

alotofproblems（对）

简单句堆砌Itisconvenient.Itsavestime.（错）

Itisconvenientandtime-saving.（对）

口语化表达It'ssohelpfulforteens（错）

Itishighlybeneficialforteenagers（对）

逻辑衔接缺失Ithasadvantages.（错）

Ithasadvantagesbutalsocarriesrisks.

R举一反三

1（2025年上海市静安区高三一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Astudycomparesagriculturalsocietieswithnon-agriculturalones,findingagriculturalsocieties

havestrongerresilienceaftersetbacks.Thekeyreasonisthatagriculturalsocietiespassdown

experiencesandskillsbetv/eengenerations.Thisintergenerationalinheritancehelpsthemcope

withdifficultieslikenatunildisastersandrecoverquickly,whichisconfirmedbylong-term

researchdata.

2（2025年上海市杨浦区高三一模）

Directions:Read（hefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Urbanrooftopgardeninghasbecomepopularinrecentyears.Ilnotonlyprovidesfreshvegetables

andflowersforresidentsbutalsohelpsreduceurbanheatislandeffectbyabsorbingsunlight.

Additionally,itimprovesairqualityandoffersarelaxingspaceforpeople.However,itrequires

properplanningtoavoidpotentialsafetyriskslikeroofload.

3（2025年上海市黄浦区高三一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomore（han60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Digitalreadingisincreasinglycommonamongteenagers.1（allowsquickaccesstoalargeamount

ofinformationandisconvenient（ouseanytimeandanywhere.However,excessivedigitalreading

maycauseeyestrainandaffectconcentration.Expertssuggestteenagersbalancedigitalreading

withtraditionalpaperreadingforbetterlearningeffects.

易错题闯关

1.（2025•上海•三模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthe

mainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ATennesseeCoupleRescuedaKitten...ItTurnedOuttoBeaBobcat（山猫）

StaffatTrueRescueinMountJuliet,Tennessee,havehandledtheirfairshareofkittens

overtheyears.Soallittookwasonelookattheheadandpawsofakittenthatwasrushedtothe

animalshelterlastweektotellthattheyweredealingwithacaseofmistakenidentity.

TheseeminglydistressedkittenfoundonthebackdeckofaMiddleTennesseecouple's

homewasactuallyababybobcat.Whoops!”Wedefinitelyknewitwasn'taregularkitten,^^Amy

Simcik.founderandexecutivedirectorofTrueRescue,toldMcClatchyNews."Itwasvery

big-bighead,bigfeet...wildand（麝香的）kindofsmelling."Simcikalsonotedthekitten,s

distinctivefurandbirdlikcvocalizations.Unlikedomestickittens,bobcatkittensrarelymeow.

Theyalsohaveveryshorttails.

Whilethecouplemeantwell,humansshouldavoidremovingyoungwildanimalsfrom

theirenvironment.Doingsocanpreventthemfromeverreturningtothewild."Wealways

recommendpeopletosearchonlineforexactlywhattodo,^^shetoldMcClatchy.uMostofthetime,

theresultswillsaytoleaveit.You'reendangeringitfarmoretryingtopullitoutofthat

ciiviruiiiiicnlandcareforilyuursclfthanleavingil.”

Thebabybobcat,whowaslaternamedPearl,wasrecentlytransferredfromWalden's

PuddletoForFoxSakeWildlifeRescueinChattanooga,whereshecaninteractwithanother

bobkittennamedRuby.Thetwokittenswillberaisedassiblingsbeforebeingreleasedbackinto

thewild.

“Pearlisingreatshape,“rescuerswroteinaFacebookupdateSunday."We'rethankfulto

IrueRescuetbrbringingPearltoWalden'sPuddleandtoWalden'sPuddletortransferringherto

us,“thepostcontinues.uBothPearlandRubyhaveamuchbetterchanceatahappy,freelifein

thewildbecausetheywillbeabletobetogether.^^

Goodluck,littleladies!

2.(2025♦上海•三模)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand(he

mainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ScienceFiction

Sciencefictionhaslongattractedreaderswithitsimaginativeworlds,futuristic

technologies,andboldvisionsofwhatmightlieahead.Butbeyondentertainment,sciencefiction

holdsadeepervalue:itoffersauniquelensthroughwhichxvecanexplorethefuture.

Althoughsciencefictionisoftensetindistantfutures,itsrealstrengthliesinitsreflection

ofpresent-dayissues.Sci-fiwritersexploretopicslikeartificialintelligence,ecologicalcollapse,

andshiftingsocialnorms.Byprojectingcurrentconcernsintospeculativefutures,thesestories

stretchourimaginationsandrevealwheretoday'spathsmightlead.Forinstance,theriseof

Chinesesciencefictionofferssubtlecommentaryonnationalidentityandsocietalchange,giving

readersaglimpseofthehopesandfearsshapingoneoftheworld'smostinfluentialnations.

Sciencefictionisakoincreasinglyusedasastrategictool.Organizationsrangingfrom

governmentdefenseagenciestotechfirmshaveturnedtosci-fiwriterstohelpthemenvision

unlikelyoruvcrluukcdscenarios.Thisprauliuc,soniclinicscalled“designfiulion/'allowsplanners

tostretchtheirthinkingandbreakfreefromconventionalmodels.AsEliotPcpcrnoted,science

fictionhelpspeople44reframeourperspective^^andseepastthelimitsoftoday'sassumptions,

makingitavaluableresourcefordecision-makinginuncertaintimes.

Perhapsthemostvisibleimpactofsciencefictionisitsabilitytoinspirereal-world

innovation.Manyoftoday'smosttransformativetechnologiesbeganasideasinsci-finovelsor

shows.FrommobilephonesmodeledonStarTrekcomnitnicatorstobrain-computerinterfaces

likethoseimaginedinNealStephenson'sbooks,sciencefictionprovidesavisionofwhatcould

be—andmotivatesinventorstomakeitreal.

Sciencefictionmaynotalwayspredictexactlywhat'stoconic,butitsinfluenceonthe

futureisundeniable.

3.（2025•上海•模拟预测）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60

wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheRiseofGigEconomy

Theriseofthegigeconomy—short-term,freelance（自由职业），orcontractwork—has

transformedtraditionalemployment.Asurveyrevealsthat60%offreelancersreportgreaterjob

satisfactionthanfull-timeofficeworkers,butresearchalsosuggeststhisshifthasmixedeffectson

workersatisfaction.

Autonomyandflexibilitystandastheclearestadvantage.Workerscansettheirown

schedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andevenworkfromanywhere.Manyfindthis

freedomliberatingcomparedtotraditional9-to-5jobs.

Gigworkenablesskilldiversification—workerscanlakeonvariedprojectsacross

industries,expandingtheirexpertisebeyondasinglejobrole.Thisexposureoftenleadstofaster

careergrowthandhigherearningpotentialinthelongterm.

Yetbcncallithissurfaceofiiidcpciidcnucliesigiiiriuanldrawbacks.Financialsecurityuflcn

escapesmostgigworkers,whotypicallydon'treceivehealthcoverage,retirementplansorpaid

leave.Duringeconomicdownturns,gigworkersareespeciallyvulnerable,asseenduringthe

pandemicwhenmanylostincomeovernight.

Thepsychologicalstrainoftengoesunnoticed.Workingalonewithoutcolleaguescanlead

tofeelingsofisolation,whiletheconstantpressuretosecurenewprojectscreatespersistentstress.

Manyfreelancersdescribetlieirexperiencea“teast-or-tiamine“cycle.

Interestingly,studiesshowthathybridmodels—combininggigworkwithpart-time

traditionaljobs—leadtothehighestsatisfaction.Thisapproachprovidesstabilitywhileretaining

flexibility.AjuniordeveloperworkingremotelyforafintechstartupdevelopscustomChatGPT

pluginsfbre-commcrceclientsviaToptaLThesteadystartupsalarycoverslivingexpenses,while

high-marginfreelanceprojectsfundhisAIupskillingcourses.

Policymakersandcompaniesarenowexploringinnovativewaystoimprovegigworkers'

conditions.

Someproposeportablebenefits,whereworkerscarryinsuranceandretirementplansacross

jobs.Otherssuggestminimumwageguaranteesfbrplatform-basedgigs.

Asthegigeconomycontinuesexpanding,itsultimateimpactwilldependonhowsociety

addressesthesestructuralchallenges.Forindividualworkers,successincreasinglymeans

navigatingthedelicatebalancebetweencherishedfreedomandessentialsecurity—abalancing

actthatmayredefineworkfbrgenerationstocome.

4.(2025•上海•三模)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthe

mainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,wecan'tignorethefactthatchildren

spendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Thereforethegreatestinfluenceofparentscan't

beignoredordiscuunlcdbytheleaclicr.Theycanbcuumcsliungsupportoftheschuulurtheyuan

consciouslyorunconsciouslypreventtheschoolfromaccoirplishingitsaims.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethods

u