阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）-高一英语期末考试试题汇编（北京专用）

专题03阅读理解之说明文

2022-2023学年高T吾英语期末考试真题?战

经典基础题【往年期末真题（偏基础）】

北京市东城区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

B

ElephantTransitHome

InbothAfricaandAsiaelephantsarebeingthreatenedbychangesintheirnaturalhabitats.Peoplearemoving

intotheelephants5habitatsandendangeringtheirsurvival.InthecountryofSriLanka,thereisoneplacewhere

elephantsarenotonlyprotectedbutalsorespected.ItiscalledtheElephantTransitHome（ETH）.

Setupin1995,theETHaimstoprotectandnurturebabyelephantsthatarefoundinjuredorlivingwithout

theirmothersinthewild.Everyyearabout30babyelephantsinSriLankaneedhelp.Asmanyaspossiblearc

broughttotheETH.Theretheyaregivenfood,shelter,andmedicalcare.Mostimportantly,theyaregiventhe

chancetobewithotherelephantsandbecomepartofaherd（象群）.

AdayattheETHbeginsearlyinthemorningwhenthebabyelephantsaregiventheirfirstfeedingofmilk.

Duringtheday,eachbabywilldrinkanaverageof13gallonsofmilk.Olderelephantsarefedmostlycoconut

leavesandothernativeplants.Thentheelephantsareallowedtowalkaround,eatingthegrassandfermingaherd.

Thecostofcaringforthebabyelephantsishigh.TheETHspendsabout$125,000eachyearonpowderedmilkfor

thebabyelephants.

AttheETH,workerstrytoreducehumanconnectionwiththeelephants.Theyalsotrytoincreasebonds（联系）

betweentheelephants.Itusuallytakesthreeyearsforababyelephanttobesetfreeintoitsnaturalhabitat.The

elephantsaresentbacktothewikitogetherwithotherorphanswithwhomtheyhavebonded.Thisprogramhelps

themreturnto（hewildasmembersofaherdthatwillcommunicatewitheachotherandtakecareofeachother.

TheETHisconsideredoneofthebestanimalprotectionsitesintheworld.Notonlyaretheelephantscared

for,theyaretreatedwithrespect.Mostimportantly,theygohacktoliveinthewild,wheretheybelong.

29.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“nurture“inParagraph2mean?

A.Setfree.B.Carefor.

C.Focuson.D.Relateto.

30.WhatdoweknowabouttheETH?

A.Itreceivesabout$125,000eachyear.B.Itisthelargestanimalprotectionsite.

C.Ithelpstokeepbabyelephantssafe.D.Itchangeselephants'habitatsfbrthebetter.

31.Theworkersreducehumanconnectionwiththeelephantsto.

A.trainthemtostayawayfromhuntersB.providethemwithmorelivingspace

C.studythembetterinanaturalenvironmentD.helpthemmakeitinthewildasaherd

32.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toshow（hewaysofwildlifeprotection.

B.Toexplainthethreatbabyelephantsface.

C.Tointroduceananimalprotectionproject.

D.Topersuadethereaderstoprotectelephants.

北京市海淀区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

Avacationoftenmeansrestandrelaxation,butmoreandmorepeoplearelookingattravelingasan

opportunitytohelpothersandgiveback.

VOLUNTEER

DonGemiaiseisafamiliarfacetomanyinTampaBay,butthisformerTVreporter'slifehaschangedabit.

“IntheTVbusinessyouseethebestandtheworsttheworldhastooffer,andatsomepoint,itjustoccurredtome:I

justneedtodosomethingtomaketheworldabelterplace,“heexplained.

Henowtravelstheworld,volunteeringhistimetohelpothers.“Here'sthebestpartaboutavolunteervacation.

You'renotstuckatahoteldoingtoursthateveryoneelsedoes,"Germaisesaid."You'remeetingregularpeople,

livingwithregularpeopleandhelpingregularpeopleallovertheworld.”

TravelWriterJoeMiragliottasaysthat'sexactlywhymorepeoplearcspendingtimevolunteeringonvacation.

“Travelers,especiallymillennials（三■禧代）likemyself,arebecomingmoresociallyconsciouswhenitcomesto

choosingwheretheygo,“Miragliottasaid.uTheywanttoconnectwiththecommunitiesandcausestheyreallycare

about.”

HerecentlytooksometimeoutofatriptoSanFranciscotohelpoutatalocalfarm.uHcrc,volunteersarc

growinghealthyfoodsforthecommunity,andtheygiveitrightbackforfree;andyouknowyoucantendthe

vegetablegardens,helpcleantheorchard—lotsoffiinactivities,vMiragliottaexplained.

Volunteeringdoesn'ttakeupyourentirevacation.Youcandoitfbrafewhoursorevenafewdays.It'sallup

toyou."Withakid...whenyoudosomethingassimpleasgivinghimorherapencilwhentheyneverhadapencil

fbrschool,thelookintheireyesissounbelievable,^^Gennaisesaid,"It'sliketheygotaniPadfbrChristinas.It's

thegreatestfeelingintheworld/'

29.WhatdovacationsmeantoDonGennaise?

A.Havingarestandrelaxing.B.Gettinganopportunitytotravel.

C.Meetingandhelpingregularpeople.D.Reportingonwhathappensaroundtheworld.

30.AccordingtoJoeMiragliotta,youngpeople.

A.arcbecomingmoresociallyconsciousB.finditfuntohelpinvegetablegardens

C.enjoytakingcareofthechildrenaroundD.aretryingtoleammoreaboutotherpeople

31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itonlylakestravelersafewhours(odovolunteering.

B.Findingawaytohelpthepeopleinneedisnoteasy.

C.ItisimpossibleforthekidstogetaniPadforChristmas.

D.Makingasmalldifferencetopeople,slifeisrewarding.

32.What,sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Millennialspaymoreattentiontosociety.

B.Volunteervacationisbecominganewtrend.

C.Twotravelersshared(heirexperiencesabroad.

D.Volunteersenjoypopularityamonglocalpeople.<)

北京市海淀区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

C

“You'Hgetsquareeyes!”mymotherusedtosayasIsatfbrhoarafterhourgluedtotheTV.Iignoredher,of

course.Past-fbrwardafewdecadesandnowI'mtheparent.My5-ycar-oldlivesinaworldwherescreensaren't

fixedpiecesoffurniture.Youcan'tevenavoidthembygoingoutside.Screensarenotonlyinourpcckets;they're

ever}'where.

Theconcernshavegrownwiththescreens.Inthepastdecade,wehaveheardthattheywilldamageourmental

health.Manyofusfeelmoredistractedbythem,feelingguiltierandmoretiredasaresult.

Theappsandwebsiteswecanaccessonourphoneshavealsosparkedwidespreadconcern.Bigtech

companiesarealsogoodatmakinguseofourneedforsocialrecognitionhookingusonlikes,retweetsand

followercounts.Socialmediahascreatedacultureofmassnarcissism（自恋），whichhasledmanytoworryabout

（heemotionalstressesonteenagers.Aquickonlinesearchbringsupdozensofpaperslinkingscreenuseorsocial

mediawithharmfuleffectsonmenialhealth,includingdepressionandsuicide.

Suchstatementsarealarming.Theyarealsowidelybelieved,thankstopopularbookslikeiGenbyJean

Twenge,whichclaimsthatdigitaltechnologyhasruinedageneration.Yet,AmyOrbcnattheUniversityofOxford,

whostudiestheimpactofdigitaltechnologyandsocialmediainpanicuiaronmentalhealth,holdsdifferentviews.

Sheclaimsthattheunderlyingdatacanbeusedtotelldifferentstories.Shealsospottedshortcomingsinseveral

largestudiesthatclaimedtoshowcorrelations（相关性）betweentheuseofdeviceswithscreensanddepressionin

users.

Twengestandsbyherownfinding,pointinginturntowhatsheconsidersflawsinOrben'sresearchmethods.

ForDavidMax,alRoyalCollegeofChildHealthinLondon,theeffectofscreentimeandsocialmediauseon

mentalhealthremainsspeculative."Wecannotregardsocialmediaoverallasgoodorbad,“saysDavie.4lWcdon't

knowwhetherinindividualcasessocialmediaisnotresponsible,hesays.

Theexplosionofmobilephoneusehasrevolutionizedourlives.Icandownloadmovies,writearticles,

communicatewithmyfamilyandbroadcasttotheworldallatthepushofabutton.Ratherthanimposeconstraints

（限制）,weshouldlakealookalouruseofscreensandaskhowtheyfitwiththeactivitiesandlifestyle.

Everynewtechnologywithwidespreadimpacthasgivenrisetonewfears.Sothebestbetmaysimplybeto

askyourselfwhatlevelofscreenusemakesyouandthosearoundyouhappyandtrytosticktoit.Ifyoufind

yourselfoveraddictive,don'tpanic—andcertainlydon'tfeelguilty.Nobodyknowsanythingworthgettingscared

about.

37.Accordingtothepassage,peoplegivelikes,retweetorcountfollowersto.

A.shareone'slifestylesB.showrespectforothers

C.seeksocialrecognitionD.relieveemotionalstresses

38.Theunderlinedword“speculative“probablymeans”

A.doubtfulB.specific

C.importantD.abstract

39.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Teenagersaremoreaffectedbyscreenusebothphysicallyandmentally.

B.Orbenclaimsitisfartooearlytoblamescreenuseforruiningageneration.

C.Bigtechcompanieshelptoproducemanyresearchpapersonmenialhealth.

D.Twengemainlyintroducestheoverallbenefitsofdigitaltechnologyinherbooks.

40.Thepassageiswrittento.

A.encouragereaderstoreducethetimeofscreenuse

B.sharedifferentopinionsontheeffectsofscreenuse

C.explainwhyscreenusemayhavenegativeeffectsonpeople

D.relievepeople'sconcernsandworriesabouttheuseofscreens

优选提升题【往年期末真题（偏提升）】

北京市丰台区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

C

FishyWeatherConditions

Lajamanu,Australia,isadrylittletown,sittingrightontheedgeoftheTanamidesert.Canyouimagines

Howsurprisedwerepeoplewhenlivefishraineddownonthemfromadarkgraycioudy.lthappensthattherearc

similarcasesinEnglandandHonduras.

Howdocloudsmakefishy.Thesimpleansweristhattheydon't.Thereisaparticularweatherphenomenon（现

象）calledawaterspout.Awaterspoutisjustlikeatornado,onlyitfbrmsaboveoceans,lakes,orrivers.Likea

tornado,awaterspoutmovesinacircleathighspeeds.Whenitmovesabovethewater,ittendstocarrythefish

withit,aswellasfrogsorothersmallplantsoranimals.

Scientistscouldn'tworkitoutatfirst.Tomakemattersstrangerstill,thefishinHonduraswereverymuch

alivewhentheyraineddowntotheground,buttheywereallblind.InEnglandandAustralia,itrainedfishand

snakes,andnonewereblind.Itwasdifficulttopuzzleout,buttheblindfishgavethemaplacetostart.

Scientistsknewthatsomefishthatlivedindeep,undergroundcaveswithnolightsourcesoftenlosttheir

eyesight.SowhenblindfishraineddownonHonduras,scientistsbegantoconnectsomedots.Clearly,these

particularfishwerepulledfromanundergroundwatersourcebyforce.

Ithasrainedfishoneverycontinent,andeachtime,peoplehavetriedinvariouswaystoexplainthisstrange

phenomenon.Historically»villagersthoughtthe^fishesfromtheheavens^mightbeanswerstoprayersfbrfood.

Otherssuggestedthatfloodsoverranriverbanksandoceans,leavingthefishonthecitystreets.Noscientisthad

actuallyseentherainasitoccurrec,onlythefishlefton(heground.Butin1990,aNationalGeographicteam

happenedtobeinHonduraswhentheRainofFishesbegan.Theyrecordedwhatwashappeningandmadehistory

byfinallyprovingthatthefishreallydidfallfromthesky.

Thishugebreakthroughwasn'tjustaspotofgoodluck.Itchangedthousandsofyearsofmythsandlegends

into(ruestoriesandprovidedscientificexplanationsforhowfishcametoliveindeepcaves.Itexplainedancient

cavepaintingsandshednewlightcnhowspecieshavespreadovertime.ltturnedouttobealotmorethanjusta

littlefishyweather.

35.Accordingtothepassage,awaterspout.

A.canmakeanimalsblindB.isdifficulttocatchonfilm

C.cancarr)fitemswithitD.isadangerousseacreature

36.Theblindfishmadethescientistsstarttothinkthat.

A.rainingfishwasawarningofnaturaldisasters

B.animalschangedtomatchtheirenvironments

C.theweathersystemdifferedfromplacetoplace

D.thewaterspouttheoryseemedmorepossible

37.FromPara.5and6,wecanlearn.

A.howspeciesintheareachangedovertime

B.theimportanceoffindingthetruthbehindtheevent

C.tliatthediscoveryclearedupmanydifferentscientifictheories

D.howtheunderstandingofwaterspoutsaffectedotherareasofscience

38.TheunderlinedsentenceinlastPara,probablysuggeststhat.

A.waterspoutscametobeacenterofscientificresearch

B.tlicscientistswerefortunatetohavemadetheirdiscoveries

C.hardworkwentintodeterminingthecausefortherainingfish

D.thescientistsreliedheavilyonunusualeventstodrivetheirstudies

39.Theauthorwritesthepassageto.

A.describethemagicphenomenon

B.explainwhatcausedthefishyweather

C.persuadepeopletoprotecttheenvironment

D.encouragepeopletodoscientificresearch

C

TheNotreDanie（巴黎圣母院）firehasbeenputout,butitswoodenroofhavebeenlargelydamaged.The

terribleaccidentcausesasuddensharppaintopeoplearoundtheworld,t4Whalapitythatwecannotsee（he

damagedpartsofthewonderanymore.^^

Butthegoodnewsisthatthereisatleastonewayofseeingthem,namelyviaavideogamecalledAssassin's

Creed:Unity.Inthisgame,theplayercantraveltoonecityafteranotherandenterthebuildingsexactlylikewhat

theyareinreality,andseeNotreDameasitwasbeforethefire.Inaddition,withVRtechnology,whichisalready

quitemature,onecanevenlookaroundtheundamagedNotreDameasifitisstillthere.Maybedigitaltechnology

couldhelptobetterprotectarchitecturalculturalheritage（建筑文化遗产）.

Theideaofdigitizingancientbuildings,makingdigitalmodelsofthemsotheirdatacanbesaved,datesback

tothe1990sandthenecessarytechnologyhascontinuedtoadvancesincethen.Byscanningtheancientbuildings

withlasers,building3Dmodelswithhundredsofimages,aswellasmeasuring（测量）everythingprecisely,

engineerscanmakeacopyas“same"astherealone.

Ascomputersandsmartphonesarehugelypopular,thedigitalreplicaordigitalcopyhasgreatpraticalvalue.

First,itallowstouriststofeeltheculturalrelics（文物）withouttouchingthem,whichhelpsprotectthem.The

virtualtourofDunhuangGrottoesinGansuProvinceisagoodexampleofthisastouristscanviewthepaintings

withoutstandingnearthem.Furthermore,itcanmakethedigitizedculturalrelicsmorefamousbyspreading

awarenessaboutthemviatheInternet.In2000.avirtualtouroftheGreatWallbecameverypopularatthe

HannoverWorldExpo,whichincreasedthenumberofforeigntouristsvisitingitinthefollowingyears.Aboveall,

itpreservesalltheinformationoftheculturalrelics.Eveniftheoriginalonesaredamagedoneday,peoplecanstill

knowwhattheywerelikeandcanbuildareplicaifdesired.

Timeisthebiggestproblemtoarchitecturalheritage.Maybewewillhavebettertechnologiesin:hefuture,but

thedigitaltechnologyoffersapracticalwaytopreservearchitecturalculturalheritageatthemoment.

38.WhatcanwcseeaboutNotreDameinthevideogame?

A.Thebigfire.B.Itsoriginallook.

C.Thedamagedparts.D.Itswoodenshape.

39.Whatwillengineersdotocreateadigitalreplicaoftheancientbuildings?

A.Improvethetechnologyneeded.B.Build3Dmodelsoffullsize.

C.Scanthephotosofthebuildings.D.Measureallthepartsprecisely.

40.Howdoestheauthorprovethedigitalcopyhasgreatpracticalvalue?

A.Bycomparison.B.Bylistingdata.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byclassification.

41.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheDamageofNotreDame

B.TheValueofDigitalReplica

C.VRTechnologyHelpsRepairtheCulturalRelics

D.DigitalTechnologyHelpsProtectAncientBuildings

北京市平谷区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

C

Afewweeksago,IsatwithaCaliforniafarmernamedDaveRibeiro.Iaskedhimwhathewishedtoknow

aboutfanners.Hesmiledandsaid,“Thatwewalkamongyou.V/elooklikeyouandtalklikeyou.Wehave

advanceddegreesandhobbies,justlikeyou.^^

TakeDaveforexample:He'sayoungmanwithamusicdegree.Andifyouwalkedpasthimonthestreet,

you'dneverthink,“Theregoesafarmer/5

IssomeonelikeDavewhoyoupicturewhenyouthinkofafarmer?Probablynot.Ithinkthatmostpeople

wouldpictureamaninhisoveralls（工作服）.Icantellyou,（hatdoesnotrepresentDaveoranyofthemanyother

farmersIhavegottentoknow.

Notonlydowehavetothrowoutourpreviousimpressionoffarmers,butfarmingasawholedoesn'tlook

muchlikeitusedtoeither.Werecentlysentateamouttoseewhalmodernfarminglookslike,andtheyfound

farmerstobecompletelydifferentfromourusualideasaboutthemandalsocameacrosstheminsomeunexpected

places.

InaparkinglotinaneighborhoodofBrooklyn,theymetanewcropofyoungfarmerswhoweretryingto

bringfreshgreensclosertoeatersinthecitybygrowingtheminhigh-techindoorvertical（垂直的）farms.Ina

Floridafieldunderthefightpathofanairport,theydiscoveredfarmerswithuniversitydegreesgrowingplantsthat

mightsomedayfuelourcars.AndinamodernfarminCalifornia,theyobsenedhowfarmerswereusing

technologytotakethebestpossiblecareoftheiranimals.

Thesefarmersallspendtheirdaysinverydifferentways—noneofthemlookslikethepreviousfarmerwe

haveinourmind-butthey'reallworkingonnewwaystofeedourplanet.Notonlydoweneedtochangeouridea

ofwhatfarminglookslike,butwealsoneedtochangeourviewofwheresolutionscancomefrom.Feedingallof

usisgoingtotakeallofusworkingtogether.

58.HowdoesDavedescribetoday'sfarmers?

A.Theyoftenwalkonthestreet.B.Theyareleadingaverybusylife.

C.Theyaresimilartoordinarypeople.D.Theyhavelittletimetomakefriends.

59.Howdoestheauthorthinkmostpeopleseefanners?

A.Theyusuallywearoveralls.B.Theyhaveinterestinghobbies.

C.Theyareskilledatgrowingcrops.D.Theyknowmodernfanningpractices.

60.Whatwasthepurposeoftheteam?

A.Todeepenconnectionsamongfarmers.

B.Tostudydifferenttechnologiesinfarming.

C.Tofindthenewdevelopmentsofmodernfarming.

D.Toencouragefannerstousenewfarmingmethod.

61.WhatdothefannersmentionedinParagraph5haveincommon?

A.Theyallworkinthecity.

B.Theyallusehightechnology.

C.Theyalldohardphysicalwork.

D.Theyallworkwithuniversities.

北京市平谷区2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

Enjoythechallengeofanewterm

Thenewtermisfinallyhere,whichmeans,ofcourse,it'stimetoreturntoschool.

FormanystudentsacrossChina,thatalso

Ashowhowhomesicknesscausesharmtostudents

B.proveit'scommonforstudentstofeelhomesick

C.introducesoniccausesofhomesicknessmeanshavingtoleavehomeforthenextseveralmonthsandmove

intoaschooldormitory.

Beingawayfromourfamilyfbralongtime,however,oftenleadstohomesickness,afeelingthatmost

studentshaveexperiencedatsomepoint.

AstudybytheUK'sNationalUnionofStudentsfoundthatupto70percentofUKstudentslivingawayfrom

homeexperiencehomesicknesswithin（heirfirstfewweeksofbeingaway.

Buthomesicknessisn'tjustafeelingofsadnessthathappensinourmind;itcanalsoaffectusphysically.

“Youfeelhomesicknessinyourstomach—it'sanuneaseinwhichyoufeeluncomfortable,nervous,stressed

becauseyou'reinaplaceorsitua:ionthat'snotfamiliar,MJoshuaKlapow,aprofessorofpublicheathatthe

UniversityofAlabama,us,toldHuffPost.

AccordingtoKlapow,thebodyreactsphysicallywhenit'splacedinanunknownsituationsuchasbeing

separatedfromone'sfamiliarsurroundingsforalongtime.

“It'sanevolutionary（进化的）thingthatmakesusprotectourselvesfromdangerwhensomethingisunknown,"

hetoldtheHuflPost.

“Whenwethinkabouthome,weknowthatthesenseofunknown...isnothappeningthere,sowewantto

return.”

So,howcanwcovercomethesephysicalreactions?

RuthHardyoftheGuardianofferedadviceforstudentswhoarcfeelingtheeffectsofbeingawayfromthe

safetyofhome.

“Tryandestablishroutines（常规）quickly.Thiscanmakeyournewenvironmentfeelmorestableandwill

hopefullymakeyoufeelmoresettled/'shewrote.

Makingfriendswithotherswhoareinyoursituationisalsoagreatwaytofeellesshomesick,accordingto

Hardy.

Themostimportantthingtoremember,however,isthathomesicknessiscompletelynormalandisnothing（o

heashamedof.

Andonceit'sgone,you'refreeloenjoytheadventuresandchallengesofabrandnewschoolyear.

62.ThestudybytheUK'sNationalUnionofStudentsismentionedto.

D.showhowallyoungpeoplearetroubledbyhomesickness

63.Whatcanwelearnabouthomesickness?

A.It'sonlyafeelinginourmind.

B.Itusuallydisappearsafterafewv/eeks.

C.Ithasaphysicalinfluenceonourbody.

D.Italwayshappensoncewevisitanunfamiliarplace.

64.AccordingtoKlapow,whyishomesicknesshelpfultohumans?

A.Itshowspeopletheimportanceoftheirfamily.

B.Itdrivespeopletogelusedtochanges.

C.Itencouragespeopletoexpress（heirfeelings.

D.Itkeepspeopleawayfrompossibledangers.

65.HowdoesHardysuggestpeopledealwithhomesickness?

A.Takepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossible.

B.Talkaboutyourproblemswithyourfriends.

C