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考研英语(二)模拟试卷60
一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)
Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory,right?Dana
Denisisjust40yearsold,but[Cl]she'sworriedaboutwhatshecalls"my
rollingmentalblackouts.n"ItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout,"shesays.
Youmay[C2]abouttheselapses,callingthem"seniormoments"orblaming"
earlyAlzheimer's(老年痴呆症)Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,the
[C3]youremember?Well,sortof.Butastimegoesby,\vctendtoblameage
[C4]problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related."Whenateenagercan'tfind
herkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized?saysPaulGold."A70-
year-oldblamesher[C5]."Infact,the70-year-oldmayhavebeen[C6]
thingsfordecades.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tworsenas[C7]as
manyofusthink."Aswe[C8],thememorymechanismisn't[C9]
sayspsychologistFergusCraik."It'sjustinefficient.Thebrain'sprocessing[CIO]
slowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactly[Cl1]Recent
researchsuggests(hatnervecellsloseefficiencyand[C12]there'slessactivity
inthebrain.But,cautionsBarryGordon,"It'snotclearthatlessactivityis[03]
.Abeginningathleteiswinded(气喘吁吁)moreeasilythana[C14]
athlete.Inthesameway,[C15]thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,it
expendslessenergyonit.Therearc[CI6]youcantaketocompensatefor
normalslippageinyourmemorygears,thoughit[C17]effort.MargaretSewell
says;"We'reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto【Cl8】tokeepyourbrain
[C19]shape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothegymonceayear
[C20]expecttostayintopform."
1、[Cl]
A、almost
B、seldom
C、already
D、never
标准答案:C
知识点解析:副词辨析。本句的意思是“DanaDenis刚刚40岁,但是已经开始担心
她所谓的起伏的记忆力衰退问题了。"C项already意为“已经”,符合题意,为正确
答案。A项almost意为“几乎”,B项seldom意为“很少”,D项never意为“从未”,
都不合题意。
2、[C2]
A^joke
B、laugh
C、blame
D、criticize
标准答案:A
知识点解析:习惯搭配。木句的意思是“你也许会拿这些小失误开玩笑joke
aboutsth.是习惯搭配,意为“拿……开玩笑”,A项符合题意,为正确答案。B项
laugh后面跟介词at,laughat意为“因……发笑,嘲笑”,C项blame(责备)以及D
项criticize(批评)都是及物动词,所以B、C和D项都不合题意。
3、[C3]
A、much
B、little
C、more
D、less
标准答案:D
知识点解析:固定句型。由汁比较级……,由e+比较级……是固定句型,意为
“越……,越……”,所以A项和B选项可以直接排除。句中所要表达的意思是“人
越老,记忆力就越差”,所以D项为正确答案。
4、[C4]
A、since
B、for
C、by
D、because
标准答案:B
知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“随着时间的流逝,我们倾向于把和年龄没
有必然联系的一些问题归咎于年龄blamesb.forsth.是一个习惯搭配,意为
“因某事责备某人,把某事的责任归咎于某人“,所以B项为正确答案。
5、[C5]
A、memory
B、mind
C、trouble
D^health
标准答案:A
知识点解析:名词辨析。木句的意思是“一个70岁的老人则会埋怨自己的记忆
力”。B项mind意为“头脑,智力”,C项trouble意为"麻烦”,D项health意为“健
康”,均不符合题意,只有A项memory(记忆力)符合题意。
6、[C6]
A、disorganizing
B、misplacing
C>putting
D、finding
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动词辨析二本句的意思是“事实上,这位70岁的老人几十年来可能一
直有乱放东西的习惯A项disorganizing意为“扰乱,打乱“,B项misplacing意为
“放错地方”,C项putting意为“放置”,D项finding意为“发现”,四个选项中只有B
项符合题意。
7、[C7]
A^swiftly
B、frequently
C、timely
D^quickly
标准答案:D
知识点解析:副词辨析。木句的意思是“在健康的人中,记忆力的减退不会像我们
许多人想的那样快四个选项中C项timely(及时的,适时的)为形容词,可直接
排除;B项frequently意为“频繁地”,不合题意:A项swiftly意为“迅速地,敏捷
地'',强调动作敏捷,和worsen搭配不当;D项quickly意为“快速地”,符合题
意,是正确答案。
8、[C8]
A、mature
B、advance
C、age
D、grow
标准答案:C
知识点解析:上下文推理+动词辨析。根据上下文可以知道,本句的意思是“随着
我们变老”,C项age意为“变老”,是正确答案。A项mature(成熟),B项
advarice(前进),D项grow(成长),都不能与上下文形成很好的衔接。
9、[C9]
A、broken
B、poor
C、perfect
D、working
标准答案:A
知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句的意思是“随着我们变老,记忆机能并不会损坏,
它只是有些效率不高罢了”。A项broken(损坏的)符合题意,是正确答案。B项
poor(差的),C项perfect(完美的),D项working(工作的,有效的),都不合题意。
10、[C10]
A^pattern
B、time
C、space
D、information
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动宾搭配。木句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了
下来A项pattern(模式),C项space(空间),D项information(信息),都不能与
slowsdown搭配,可以排除。B项time(时间)符合题意,为正确答案。
11、[C11]
A^why
Bxhow
C>what
D^when
标准答案:A
知识点解析:上下文语义。本句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢
了下来,虽然没有人知道其中的确切原因A项为正确答案,其他选项都不合题
意。
12、[C12]
A、since
B、hence
C、that
D^although
标准答案:B
知识点解析:逻辑关系。上文提到,经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了下
来。下一句Recenlresearchsuggests…来揭示其原因,and连接的两个并列分句作
suggests的宾语,由于nervecellsloseefficiency是there'slessactivityinthebrain的
原因,所以选择hence(副词,意为“因此")来表明两个分句之间的因果关系,B项
是正确答案。
13、[C13]
A、irregular
B、better
C、normal
D^worse
标准答案:D
知识点解析:上下文推理。上文提到,研究结果表明:神经细胞效率丢失会导致大
脑活动减少。转折连词but和动词cautions表明BarryGordon并不同意这种说法,
所以本句的意思应该是“尚不清楚活动较少是否会更糟”,D项为正确答案。A项
irregular(不规则的),B项better(更好的),C项normal(正常的),均不合题竟。
14、[C14]
A^famous
B、senior
C、popular
D、trained
标准答案:D
知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句是一个比较结构,对两类运动员进行了比较,所以
此处所选的词应该和beginning(刚开始的)的意思相对应。四个选项中,D项
trained(经专门训练的)与beginning相对应,符合题意。A项famous(著名的),B项
senior(资格较老的,年长的),C项popular(流行的),均不合题意。因此,D项为正
确答案。
15、[C15]
A、as
B、till
C^though
D^yet
标准答案:A
知识点解析:逻辑关系。根据Inthesameway可以确定,本句和上一句话是一种并
列关系,所以本句的意思应该是“同理,随着大脑在某一工作上变得更加熟练,它
就会花更少的精力在上面空可以引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”的意思,所以
A项正确。B项till(直到),C项[hough(虽然,尽管),D项yel(但是),均不合题
思。
16、(C16)
A、stages
B、steps
C、advantages
D、purposes
标准答案:B
知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“你可以采取措施来补偿你记忆齿轮功能的
正常下降takestepstodosih.为习惯搭配,意为“采取措施做某事A项
stages(舞台;阶段),C项advantages(优势,有利条件),D项purposes(目的),均不
合题意。因此,B项为正确答案。
17、[C17]
A^makes
B、takes
C、does
D^spends
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动宾搭配。小句的意思是“尽管这样做很费力”。lakeeffort意为•,费
力”,B项为正确答案。容易混淆的是选项A,makeefforts意为"尽力",make
effortstodosth.意为“尽力做某事”。
18、[C18]
A、rest
B、come
C、work
D、study
标准答案:C
知识点解析;动词辨析。本句的意思是“但是你必须工作,以保持大脑处于良好状
态”。C项work(工作)符合题意,为正确答案。A项rest(休息),B项come(到来),
D项study(学习),都不合题意。
19、[C19]
A、to
B、for
C>on
D、in
标准答案:D
知识点解析:习惯搭配。inshape为固定搭配,意为“处于良好状态”.因此,D项
为正确答案。
20、[C20]
A、so
B、or
C、and
D、if
标准答案:C
知识点解析:逻辑关系。本句的意思是“你不可能每年只去一次健身房就指望使身
体保持最佳状态”。and连接两个并列的动词短语:gotothegymonceayear和
expect(ostayintopform,为1E确答案。or虽然也可以连接两个并列的动词短语,
但是不符合逻辑关系。so和if后面不能直接跟谓语动词。
二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共2。题,每题
分,共20分。)
Whennextyear*scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof
2009,they'llbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务
K)ofYale,who'llbecomeOxford'svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversity
presidentinAmerica.Hamiltonisn'ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.Schoolsin
France,Egypt,Singapore,e(c.havealsorecentlymade(op-levelhiresfromabroad.
Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomany
businesses,ifsgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn'tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltend
toheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmerican
schoolsdon'ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardof
theUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwith
(hestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity'sbudget."Wedidn'tdoany
globalconsideration,"saysPatriciaHayes,theboard'schair.Theboardultimately
pickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhois
likelytodowellinthemain(askofmodernuniversitypresidents;fund-raising.Fund-
raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.
Thefundraisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropean
universities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.But
governmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclinein
governmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamong
administratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.Inthepastfewyears,
prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridge
UniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,
theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen"amajor
strengtheningofYale'sfinancialposition."Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn'ttheonlyskill
outsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseeking
headswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsand
attractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablished
practices.
21Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?
A、InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.
B、Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.
C、Americanuniversitiesarcenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.
D、Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreatlentiontofunding-raising.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:主旨题。根据题干中的discussedinthepassage可知,本题考查文章
的主旨,故将本题答案出处定位到全文。文章前两段通过英国牛津大学、法国等事
例说明世界上的许多大学倾向于从美国招聘校长,接下来的段落分析这种趋势产生
的原因。由此不难看出,本文主要讨论的是世界范围内的许多大学都从美国招聘校
长,故A项为正确答案。
22、Whatis(hechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-level
administrators?
A、Thepoliticalcorrectness.
B、Theirabilitytoraisefunds.
C、Theirfameinacademiccircles.
D、Theiradministrativeexperience.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的Americanuniversities和hiringtop-level
administrators定位在第三段。第三段通过科罗拉多大学的事例说明美国一流大学在
选校长时考虑的主要因素。由其中提到的对校长的要求“熟悉州政府:州政府是学
校预算的主要来源”和最终选中的人选BruceBenson的特点“能履行好现代大学校长
的主要任务:筹集资金”,结合原因“美国大学极其依赖捐赠“不难推断出,筹资能
力是美国大学选校长时首要考虑的,故B项为正确答案。
23、WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?
A、Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.
B、Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.
C、Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.
D、Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.
标准答案:D-
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的Europeanuniversilies定位在第四段首句:
ManyEuropcanunivcrsitics,meanwhile,arcstillmostlydependentongovernment
funding,即很多欧洲大学仍然主要依靠政府投入。因此可知学校的大部分资金来
源于政府,故D项为正确答案。
24CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchiefly
because.
A、shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney
B、shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale
C^sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas
D、shehadboostedYale,sacademicstatus
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干中的AlisonRichardasitsvice―chancellor定位在第
五段第二句:theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehad
overseen44amajorstrengtheningofYale'sfinancialposition”,学校公开强调艾莉森之
前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学的财政地位得到显著加强”。由此可知她有很强的筹措资
金的能力,故A项为正确答案。
25、Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversity
development?
A、Theycanenhancetheuniversity'simage.
Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.
C、Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.
D、Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的top—leveladministratorsfromabroadcontribute
touniversitydevelopment定位在末段末句:Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveon
establishedpractices,该句行诉读者外国人能够给学校业已形成的体素带来新的视
角。此意与C项的意思相近,故C项为正确答案。
Throughoutthislong,tenseejection,everyonehasfocusedon(hepresidentialcandidates
andhowthey'llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso.Butselfishly,I'mmorefascinatedby
MichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountiy,butformeas
anAfrican-AmericanwomanAsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld's
attention.Andthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupclose
andpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,the
livesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobe(hat
we'reallhot-lemperedsinglemotherswhocan'lkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-
believe,blackwomenstillcan'tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexed
femalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酉内酒的)mothers.Theseimageshave
helpeddefinethewayallblackwomenarcviewed,includingMichelleObama.Before
sheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,her
mosturgentandperhapsmosrcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.Itwon'tbe
easy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregular
African-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwe
faceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.Justasshewill
havehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousual'yhavelittleinterestinthe
FirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey'dliketosee
MichellebringtotheWhiteHouse一mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancan
supporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktoplease
everyone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justa
littleofherpoise(沉着),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchangingan
imagethat'sbeenaroundforfartoolong.
26、WhydocsMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?
A^ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.
Shewillpresent(otheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.
C、ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.
D、SheservesasarolemodelfbrAfricanwomen.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的fascination将本题出处定位到首段第三句。由
该句中的butformeasanAfrican—Americanwoman可知,作者尤其对米歇尔,奥巴
马能为非裔美国妇女的自己做什么而着迷。分析接下来的两句,解释了作者之所以
这么着迷的原因;米歇尔噢巴马将让人们第一次市•机会靠近和接触他们很少见到
的这种非裔美国女性,即她将向世界展现出非裔美国妇女的一种新形象,故B项
为正确答案。
27、WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtothe
author?
A^Theyarevictimsoffamilyviolence.
B、Theyareofaninferiorsocialgroup.
C、Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.
D、Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推理题。根据题干中的stereotype将本题出处定位到第二段末句。该
句提到,黑人女性仍然摆脱不了人们的老套印象:眼光游离、纵欲无度、非婚所
生、母亲酗酒,故B项为正确答案。
28、WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?
A^WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.
B、HowMichelleshouldhchavcasapublicfigure.
C、HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.
D、WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.
标准答案:D
知识点解析;细节题。根捱题干中的African—Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs,
答案可定位在末段第二句,此句意为“许多非洲裔美国人的博客里都曾写到对米歇
尔的期待,写到她带进白宫的将是对整个世界的宣言,宣告黑人女性同样可以支持
丈夫,同样可以肩负一个黑人家庭的重任。”由此可以看出许多美国黑人都期望她
能向世人展示作为优秀的妻子和母亲的黑人女性的形象,故D项为正确答案。
29WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?
A、Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest.
B、Sheshouldn'tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.
C、Howeverhardshetries,shecan'texpecttopleaseeverybody.
D、ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen'sconcerns.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:推理题。题干中的FirstLady虽在文中几处均有提及,但根据命题往
往按照文章顺序进行的规律,可将本题出处重点定位在末段(首句有FirstLady)。
该段第三句提到,米歇尔将必须努力取悦每个人—这是一个不可能完成的任务。
对比四个选项发现,C项正是对该句的同义转述,故为正确答案。
30、WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?
A^Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.
B、HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.
C、OutshinepreviousFirstLady.
D^Fullydisplayherfinequalities.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的African-Americanwomenhope定位在末段末
句。A项是对willgo...toolong的同义转述,Helpchangegoalongwayin
changing“对...大有帮助”,prevailingview”普遍的看法”其实就是animagethat's
beenaroundforfartoolong,即“已经存在太久的印象”,故A项为正确答案。
Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdalaintocollege-tuition
calculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssay
familiesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,can
consolethemselveswithiheknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthai,unlikemany
bankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends(红利).A2008studybytwoHarvard
economistsnotesthatthe"labor-marketpremium(额夕卜收益)ioskill"-ortheamount
collegegraduatesearnedthat'sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduatesearned一
decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复)since
the1980s.In2005,thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollege
degreeearned$50900,62%morethanthe$31500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh
schooldiploma.There'snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.
Butalookat(hestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollege
toatlenddoesn'(comedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbia
University(luiiion,roomandboard$49260in2007-2008)yielda40%greaterreturnthan
attendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-stalestuden(($35542)?
Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulder
yieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent。17380)there?Notlikely.
No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren'tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,but
ratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,
priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.Aswithautomobiles,consumersin
today'scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgives
themthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthe
willingnessofpeopletopayinorcfordifferenttypesofcxpcr:enccs(suchasattendinga
privateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreat
marine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamount
ofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)often
showawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.So
whichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikea
car?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld'shottestconsumertrend,maybeit'sbestto
characterizeitasahybrid"昆合动力汽车):anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,over
(ime,willpayrichdividends.
31、What'stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?
A^Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.
B、Itdoesn'tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.
C、Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.
D^Goingtocollegedoesn'tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:细节题c根振题干中的opinionofeconomists和goingtocollege定位
到第一段第二句。本题考点是经济学家们对上大学的看法。第一段第二句中
economistssay后面的宾语从句就是经济学家们的观点。他们认为,那些准备负债
去资助孩子参加长达四年佗派对和学习的家庭可以这样来安慰自己:上大学是一笔
投资,但是与购买银行股票不同,它应该能够带来丰厚的收益。简而言之,他们认
为,上大学就像投资一样,需要先进行投入,最后是能够获得回报的,故C项为
正确答案。
32、ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20th
century,.
A、enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities
B、thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schoolgraduatestocollegegraduates
C、competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday
D^thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed
标准答案:D
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的twoHarvardeconomists和muchofthe20th
century定位到第二段第一句。本题考点是哈佛大学两位经济学家的研究结果。第
二段第一句指出了他们的研究结果:大学毕业生比高中毕业生的收入高在20世纪
的大部分时间呈下降趋势,仅在80年代以来出现强劲反弹的势头。由此可见,在
20世纪的大部分时间里,大学毕业生与高中毕业生的收入差距在缩小,少部分时
间差距在加大,故D项为正确答案。
33、Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan.
A、savemoreontuition
B、receiveabettereducation
C、lakemoreliberal-artscourses
D、avoidtravelinglongdistances
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干中的attendanin—statecollegeoruniversity定位到
第三段第三句和第五句。本题考点是就读州内大学的学生的情况。第三段提到了许
多数字,需要仔细加以辨别。其中,第三句中指出,2007—2008年就读科罗拉多
大学的外州学生的费用为35542美元;第五句中指出,同期就读该所大学的州内
学生的费用为17380美元。通过比较不难发现,就读州内大学可以节省很大笔
费用,故A项为正确答案。
34、Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents.
A^regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment
B、placeapremiumontheprestigeofthecollege
C、thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege
D^considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct
标准答案:D
知识点解析:推理题。根据题干中的consumeristage定位到第四段第一句。本题考
点是大多数父母在这个崇尚消费的时代的做法。第四段第一句中的mostbuyers实
际上是指题干中的moslparents,而句子的主要结构为not...bulrather...(不
是……而是……)。在这一句中提到,在这个崇尚消费的时代,大多数人不会把上
大学当作一笔投资,而是看作一件消费品——就像汽车、服装或房子一样。换句话
说,大多数父母会把大学教育看做一件消费品,故D项为正确答案。
35、Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?
A、Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.
B、Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.
C、Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.
D、Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推理题。根据题干中的chiefconsideration和chooseacollege定位到
最后一段第一、二句。本题考点是学生们在选择就读的大学时考虑的主要因素。最
后一段第一句以购买汽车作比喻,指出人们会根据他们的预算情况寻找一所最舒
适、最让他们满意的大学;第二句接着指出,人们选择不同的大学实际上是为了获
得不同类型的体验。将这两句综合起来可知,学生选择朝读学校时主要考虑两个因
素:一是预算情况,二是获得让自己满意的体验(即大学),故B项为正确答案。
Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesis
widelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasis
undoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseand
allothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateduca:ionshouldbeoneofthe
veryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesis
wrong.Wearefortunate(hatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystems(hereand
puttingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequire
twoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshown
thatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigher
productivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.Ironically,thefirst
evidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountry
enteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderided(嘲
笑)aspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economic
performance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assembly
productivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,and
Toyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityof(heirJapanesecounterparts—a
resultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedon(hejob.Morerecently,while
examininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-
speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelabor
productivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry*swork.Whatis
therealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspect
thatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhen
governmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenour
ancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimetowonder
muchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodina
moreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.Aseducationimproved,humanity's
productivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedour
ancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordir.oreeducation.This
increasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,
conditionfor(hecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.
Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpolitical
changesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformal
education,however,doesn'lconstraintheabilityof(hedevelopingworld'sworkforceto
substantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraints
onimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklythere
thanitis.
36、TheauthorholdsinparagraphIthattheimportanceofeducationinpoor
countries.
A^issubjecttogroundlessdoubts
B、hasfallenvictimofbias
C、isconventionallydowngraded
D、hasbeenoverestimated
标准答案:D
知识点解析:细节题。文章首句即指出“贫穷国家的正规教育和经济增长之间的关
系被经济学家和政治家大大误解了“,第二句however后面又提到“在贫穷国家,教
育应该放在首位以推动经济增长的传统观点是错误的”。由此可见,在作者看来,
传统的看法显然夸大了教育在经济发展中的作用。故D项为正确答案。
37、ItisstatedinparagraphIthattheconstructionofaneweducationalsystem.
A^challengeseconomistsandpoliticians
B、takeseffortsofgenerations
C、demandspriorityfromthegovernment
D、requiressufficientlaborforce
标准答案:B
知识点解析:细节题。本题答题依据为第一段第三句,该句指出“建立新的教育体
系,并通过这种新体系培养出足够的人才来改善经济状况需要两三代人的努力
由此可知,B项为正确答案。
38.AmiyordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat.
A、(heJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined
B、theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive
C、theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation
theU.S.workforceismoreorganized
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推理题。本题的答题依据为第二段最后一句,该句指出“本田、尼桑
和丰田公司在美国的工厂的生产率达到了口本同行的95%”。由此可推知,口本劳
动力的生产效率比美国高,B项为正确答案。
39、Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshow(hateducation
emerged.
A^whenpeoplehadenoughtime
B、priortobetterwaysoffindingfood
C、whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry
D^asaresultofpressureongovernment
标准答案:C
知识点解析:细节题。根据关键词theexampleofourancestors定位在第四段。该段
最后一句提到“只有当人们开始以更有效的方式来获得食物的时候,才有时间去想
别的事情(其中包括发展教育的问题)由此可知,人们只有解决了温饱问题才开
始着手考虑教育等事情,C项为正确答案。
40、According(othelastparagraph,developmentofeducation.
A^resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments
B、doesnotdependoneconomicperformance
C、followsimprovedproductivity
D、cannotaffordpoliticalchanges
标准答案:C'
知识点解析:细节题。本题的答题依据为最后一段第二句。该句指出“当竞争的环
境迫使我们的祖先实现了这种潜力(生产率提高的潜力)之后,他们转而接受更多教
育”。由此可知,教育的发展出现在生产效率提高之后,C项为正确答案。
三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题,每题7.0分,共
5分。)
[A]Physicalchanges[B]Lowself-esteem[C]Emergingindependenceandsearchfor
identity[D]Emotionalturbulence[E]Interestintheoppositesex[F]Peerpressureand
conformity[G]TransitiontoadulthoodThetransitiontoadulthoodisdifficult.Rapid
physicalgrowthbeginsinearlyadolescence-typicallybetweentheagesof9and13
andthoughtprocessesstarttotakeonadultcharacteristics.Manyyoungstersfindthese
changesdistressingbecausetheydonotfullyunderstandwhatishappenin
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