考研英语模拟试卷53

考研英语模拟试卷53

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

StandardEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisusuallyusedinprintandwhichis

normallytaughtinschoolsandtonon-nativespeakerslearningthelanguage.Itisalsothe

varietywhichisnormally(1)byeducatedpeopleandusedinnewsbroadcastsand

other(2)situations.Thedifferencebetweenstandardandnonstandard,itshouldbe

noted,has(3)inprincipletodowithdifferencesbetweenformalandcolloquial

(4);standardEnglishhascolloquialaswellasformalvariants.(5),the

standardvarietyofEnglishisbasedontheLondon(6)ofEnglishthatdeveloped

aftertheNormanConquestresultedintheremovaloftheCourtfromWinchesterto

London.Thisdialectbecametheone(7)bytheeducated,anditwasdevelopedand

promoted(8)amodel,ornorm,forwiderandwidersegmentsofsociety.Itwas

alsothe(9)thatwascarriedoverseas,butnotoneunaffectedbysuchexport.

Today,(10)Englishisarrangedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyof

Englishare(11)thesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishisused;

(12)amonglocalstandardsisreallyquiteminor,(13)theSingapore,South

Africa,andIrishvarietiesarereallyvery(14)differentfromoneanothersofaras

grammarandvocabularyarc(15).Indeed,StandardEnglishissopowerfulthatit

exertsatremendous(16)onalllocalvarieties,totheextentthatmanyoflong-

establisheddialectsofEnglandhave(17)muchoftheirvigorandthereis

considerablepressureon:hemtobe(18).Thislattersituationisnotunique

(19)English:itisalsotrueinothercountrieswhereprocessesofstandardization

are(20).Butitsometimescreatesproblemsforspeakerswhotrytostrikesomekind

ofcompromisebetweenlocalnormsandnational,evensupranationalones.

1、StandardEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisusuallyusedinprintandwhichis

normallytaughtinschoolsandtonon-nativespeakerslearningthelanguage.Itisalsothe

varietywhichisnormally(1)byeducatedpeopleandusedinnewsbroadcastsand

other(2)situations.Thedifferencebetweenstandardandnonstandard,itshouldbe

noted,has(3)inprincipletodowithdifferencesbetweenformalandcolloquial

(4);standardEnglishhascolloquialaswellasformalvariants.(5),the

standardvarietyofEnglishisbasedontheLondon(6)ofEnglishthatdeveloped

aftertheNormanConquestresultedintheremovaloftheCourtfromWinchesterto

London.Thisdialectbecametheone(7)bytheeducated,anditwasdevelopedand

promoted(8)amodel,ornorm,lorwiderandwidersegmentsofsociety.Itwas

alsothe(9)thatwascaniedoverseas,butnotoneunaffectedbysuchexport.

Today,(10)Englishisarrangedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyof

Englishare(11)thesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishisused;

(12)amonglocalstandardsisreallyquiteminor,(13)theSingapore,South

Africa,andIrishvarietiesarereallyvery(14)differentfromoneanothersofaras

grammarandvocabularyarc(15).Indeed,StandardEnglishissopowerfulthatit

exertsatremendous(16)onalllocalvarieties,totheextentthatmanyoflong-

establisheddialectsofEnglandhave(17)muchoftheirvigorandthereis

considerablepressureon:hemtobe(18).Thislattersituationisnotunique

(19)English:itisalsotrueinothercountrieswhereprocessesofstandardization

are(20).Butitsometimescreatesproblemslorspeakerswhotrytostrikesomekind

ofcompromisebetweenlocalnormsandnational,evensupranationalones.

A、said

B、told

C^talked

D、spoken

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：此题属于语意搭配题。speak表示“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所

说的内容，一般为不及物动词，在作为及物动词时，宾语只能是语言(如

Chinese/English)＞真话(truth)等词，不能接thai引导的名词性从句，例如：Ihave

heardhimspeakofyou.原句出现的宾语English说明此处选项spoken正确。选项

said表示”说出，说道”,着重所说的话,用直接引语时只能用say,例如：(l)He

saidlittlethatwedidn^knowyet.(2)Hesaid,"Idon'tknowwhathappened".选项

told表示"告诉”,兼有嘱托、命令之意,除了较少的情况,如tellthetruth/alie之

外，一般后面接双宾语，tellsb.sth./todosth.或lellsb.aboutsth.例如:She

toldmetowaitforher.选项talked与speak意思相近，一般也用作不及物动词；用

作及物动词时，宾语只能是某国语言,或nonsense等词,但talk含有”话是对某人

说的"意思，有较强的对答、讨论意味，例如：Hewentontalkingforalongtime,

buthespokeso.fastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.

2、

A、same

similar

CNequal

D、identical

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。similar表示”类似的，想象的，不是同一的”，

例如：Thetwohousesareverysimilarin叩pearance.原句谈及标准英语使用的情况

或场合，由other一词正知这种场合不是gnewsbroadcasts一样的场合，而是相似

的场合,故选项similar正确。选项same表示"相同的,同一的"，例如:Thesame

mistakeoccursthreetimesintheparagraph.(同样的错误在这段中出现了三次)。选

项equal表示”(事物在数量价值方面)相等的，平等的,胜任的”，例如：⑴We

dividedthecakeintothreeequalparts.(2)Hcwasequaltotheoccasion.选项identical

表示“同一的,完全相同的”,例如：(l)It*stheidenticalcoatwhichwasstolenfrom

me.(2)Thetestsareidenticaltothosecarriedoutlastyear.全句可译为:标准英语是

指用于印刷品的书面英语或在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那些受过教育的人所使

用的英语7标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。

3、

A^anything

B、something

C、nothing

D、everything

标准答案：C

知识点解析:此题属于词语搭配题。havesth./nothingtodowith表示"与…有/无关

",例如：Ithadnothingtodowiththecommittee'sdecision.根据原文意思,标准英语

与非标准英语的差别并不在于其是正式语言还是口头语言，因为标准英语既有正式

语言也有口语，故选项no由ing正确。其他选项均与句意不符。

4、

A、language

B、vocabulary

C、idioms

D、words

标准答案:A

知识点解析♦：属于语意誉配题。language表示“语言”，此处缺一个名词。下面解释

的句子中用到了variants词，只有language—诃与之范围相当。故选项language正

确。其他选项：vocabulary（词汇），idioms（成语）和words（单词）均不合题意。全句可

译为：（我们）应该注意到，标准英语与非标准英语之间的区别原则上并非是正式语

言与口语的区别。标准英语既有正式语言又有口语。

5、

A、Surprisingly

B、Historically

C、Interestingly

D、Generally

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。Historically表示“在历史上”，根据上下文意

思,前面谈的是标准英语是什么，下文谈到标准英语的起源，故选项Historically

正确。选项Surprisingly表示"令人吃惊地"；选项Interestingly表示“令人感到有趣

的是"：选项Generally表示"一般地，通常"，例如：Generally,hedoesn,ttake

medicine,butsometimeshedoes.乂如：It'sgenerallybelievedthat...（人们普遍认

为…）。

6、

A、accent

B、pronunciation

C、spelling

D、dialect

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。dialeci表示“方言”，属于一种语言形式，根据

下文出现的thisdialect可知，此处指伦敦方言，故选项dialect正确。选项

accent（口音），选项pronunciation（发音）和选项spelling（拼写），都属于语言的内容，

故不符合题意。全句可译为：就标准英语的发展来说，它是建立在伦敦方言的基础

上的。诺曼底征服后，宫廷从温彻斯特搬到伦敦，伦敦方言不断发展。

7、

A、preferred

learned

C、praised

D、created

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。prefer表示"比较喜欢"，例如：Heprefersto

workalone.根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来，而受过

教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐

（prefer）,故选项preferred正确。选项learned（学习的）和选项praised（赞扬的）没有

体现出入们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项creaied（创造的），伦敦方言并不是由受过教

育的人创造出来的。

8、

A、to

B、in

C、as

D、for

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此题属于语法题。as表示“成为“，根据句子意思：这种方言逐渐发

展，成为了一种标准，故选项as正确。其他选项均不符合题意。全句可译为：伦

敦方言得到了那些受过教育的人的青睐°对干科会卜越来越多的人来说,它已经发

展成为一种标准。

9、

A^basis

B、norm

C、rule

D、variety

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。norm表示"标准"，例如：Onechildperfamily

isbecomingthenorminsomecountries.根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成

为一种标准（norm）,下文提及正是这个norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项norm

正确。其他选项：basis（基础），rule（规则）和variety］变体）均不合题意。全句可译

为：这种标准后来漂洋过海，传到了海外，但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。

10、

A^formal

B、colloquial

C、non-standard

D、standard

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。standard表示"标准（的:T，根据文章内容，所

谈论的都是standardEnglish,因此选项standard正确。其他选项：format（正式

的），colloquial（口语的，口语体的）和non-standard（非标准的）均不符合题意。

11、

A、not

B、very

C、much

D、hardly

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此题属于词语搭配题。muchihesame表示”差不多，几乎一样”，例

如：Thepatientismuchthesame.根据原文句意：世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本

相同，故选项much正确。选项no〔（不），表示否定意味，与题意不符；选项very

不与same连用；选项hardly（几乎不），与题意相反。

12、

A、variation

B、standardization

C>unification

D、transformation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题.variation表示“变化”,如生物学中的变种,音

乐上的变调，例如：（I）Thesamestorywastold,withslightvariations,ofmany

legendaryheroes.（2）Thevariationsoftemperatureinthatdistrictareverygreat.同源

名词variety表示”［不可数名词］多样性：［可数名词］同类的不同品种”，例如：There

arenumerousvarietiesoftreepeonies（牡丹）.又如：thetremendousvarietyofthe

themeso根据上下文，前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同，各地之间的

差异就应该很小，此处差异即variation。选项standardization（标准化），与下文的

minor搭配不当;选项unificalion表示"联合，统一,,不合题意，例如：Thetraffic

lawsofthedifferentstatesneedunification.选项transformation表示"转变"，原指形式

的改变,引申为性质、特点的改变，例如：thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofa

country,用在语言学里，指句子结构的转换，与题意不符。

13、

A、therefore

B、but

C、sothat

D^nevertheless

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此题属于语法题。soihal为连词，连接结果状语从句。根据句子意

思，前半句讲地区差异狠小，下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大，是前半

句的结果，故选项sothat正确。选项therefore副词，连接因果状语从句，例如：

Thosepeoplehavetheirumbrellasup；therefore,itmustberaining.选项bul(但是)表

转折关系；选项nevertheless表示"然而"，连接转折状语从句，例如：Hewasvery

tired；nevertheless,hekeptworking.

14、

A^great

B、much

C、no

D>little

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。此题需填一个表示差别大小的副词，根据上下

文意思：语言变体的差别很小，故选项little正确。其他选项均不符合题意。

15、

A、talked

B、concerned

C、mentioned

D、involved

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于词语搭配题。asfaras...beccnccmed表示"就...而言"，例

如：AsfarasIamconcerned,Icannotobjecttoyourdecision.故选项concerned正

确c选项talked(谈论).不符合题意:选项mentioned表示"提到"♦例如：He

casuallymentionedthathewasleavinghisjob.选项involved表W涉及，卷入，牵涉

",常与in/wi〔h搭配，例如：(l)Thefourmenwereallinvolvedinorganizingand

carryingoutthemurders.(2)Winningthegameinvolvesbothskillandfortune.全句可

译为：现在，在使用英语的地方，标准英语已经达到了语法和词汇基本相同的程

度，各地之间的地方差异很小。因此，就语法和词汇而言，新加坡、南非以及爱尔

兰的英语并没有什么不同。

16、

A、press

B、pressure

C、power

D、force

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于词语搭配题。exertpressureon表示"施加压力”。根据句子意

思：标准英语太强大，以至于对地方英语产生极大的影响，亦即施加压力。另外，

下文也出现pressure一词，故选项pressure正确。其他选项：press（强迫），

power（力量）和force（力量）均不符合题意。

17、

A^lost

B、gained

C^missed

D、got

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。loseone'svigor表示"失去活力，根据句子意

思：地方英语受到标准英语的影响，许多使用很久的方言失去了活力，故选项lost

正确。选项gained（获得）和选项gol（得到）与句意不符；选项missed表示”（因各种原

因）错失"，例如：Ihatemissingthebeginningofafilm.

18、

A、abandoned

B、changed

C、standardized

D、reformed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。standardize表示“标准化”。根据上下文意思可

知：那些使用很久的方言（有特点的地方性语言）失去了活力，并面临着被标准叱的

压力,故standardized正确。选项abandoned表示"被遗弃,放弃"，例如：The

villagehadalreadybeenabandoned.又如：abandonone'sattempttodo（放弃）；选项

changed（改变）和选项reformed（变革），都含有变化之意，用隹此处不够准确。全句

可译为：事实卜,标准英语的势力非常强大°它对于英语的所有地方变体都有着巨

大的影响，以至于英格兰一些形成已久的方言也丧失了活力并且面临着被标准化的

巨大压力。

19、

A、in

B、of

C^for

D、to

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题属于词语搭配题。beuniqueto表示"独一无二的"，例如：None

ofthesesocialproblemsisuniquetothiscountry.其他选项均不符合题意。

20、

A^intheway

B>underway

C^outoftheway

D、alltheway

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题属于语意搭配题。underway表示"在进行中"，例如：Wehave

severalprojectsunderway.根据原文意思，标准化进程正在实行的过程中，故选项

underway正确。选项intheway表示”挡道的，妨碍人的"，例如：Ifyou'regoingto

help,atleastdon'tgetintheway.选项outoftheway表示"不挡道的，得到解决的

",例如：Whilethefightwasgoingon,hetriedtokeepoutoftheway.选项allihe

way表示"一直地，完全地"，例如：Iranallthewaytotheoffice.m外与way连用

的常见短语有：bytheway（顺便地）；findone'sway（设法到达）；inaway（在羹种程

度上）；innoway（决不）；makeway（让路）;onewayoranother（用某种方法）;give

way（让步,屈服）;onthewayout（即将过时的）;seeone'sclearwaytodo/doing

sth.（愿意做某事）。全句可译为：后者的情况不仅仅涉及英语。在别的一些正在进

行语言标准化的国家也存在这种情况。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Sixyearslater,inanabout-face,theFBIadmitsthatfederalagentsfiredteargascanisters

capableofcausingafireattheBranchDavidiancompoundnearWaco,Texasin1993.

Buttheofficialsaidthefiringcameseveralhoursbeforethestructureburstintoflames,

killing80peopleincludingtheDavidians*leader,DavidKoresh."Inlookingintothis,

we'vecomeacrossinformationthatshowssomecanistersthatcanbedeemedpyrotechnic

innaturewerefired—hoursbeforethefirestarted",theofficialsaid."Deviceswerefired

atthebunker,notatthemainstructurewheretheDavidianswerecampedout".The

FederalBureauofInvestigationmaintainsitdidnotstartwhatturnedtobeaseriesof

fieryburstsofflamesthatendeda51-daystandoffbetv/eenbranchmembersandthe

federalgovernment."Thisdoesn'tchangethebottomlinethatDavidKoreshstartedthe

fireandthegovernmentdidnot1',theofficialsaid."ItsimplyShowsthatdevicesthat

couldprobablybeflammablewereusedintheearlymorninghours'*.Thelaw

enforcementofficialsaidthecanisterswerefirednotatthemainstructurewherethe

Davidianmemberswerecampedoutbutatthenearbyundergroundbunker.They

bouncedoffthebunker'sconcreteroofandlandedinanopenfieldwell,theofficialsaid.

Thecanisterswerefiredataround6a.m.,andthefirethatdestroyedthewooden

compoundstartedaroundnoon,theofficialsaid.Theofficialalsoaddedthatothertear

gascanistersusedbyagentthatdaywerenotflammableorpotentiallyexplosive.While

Coulsondeniedthegrenadesplayedaroleinstartingthefire,hisstatementmarkedthe

firsttimethatanyU.S.governmentofficialhaspubliclycontradictedthegovernment's

positionthatfederalagentsusednothingonthefinaldayofthesiegeatWacothatcould

havesparkedthefirethatengulfedthecompound.Thecauseofthefieryendisamajor

focusofanongoinginquirybytheTexasRangersintotheWacosiege.

21、TheFBIofficialhasNOTadmittedthat.

A、thecanisterswerefiredatthemainstructure

B、thecanisterswerefiredhoursbeforethefirestarted

C>federalagentsfiredteargascanisterscapableofcausingafire

D、otherteargascanistersthatwerenotflammableorpotentiallyexplosivewerealso

used

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中"thelawenforcementofficialsaidthecanisterswerefirednotat

themainstructure—butatthenearbyundergroundbunker"这一句可以看出A是他没有

承认的内容，而B、C和D都在文中有直接或间接的体现。

22、Fromthepassage,whatinformationcanbeinferredabouttheeventin1993?

A、ThecompoundwasblownupbytheFBIagents.

Thecompoundburstintoflamesatdawn.

C、Thefederalgovernmentbesiegedthecompoundfor51daysbeforethetragedy

occurred.

D^About80peoplewerekilledintheeventexcepttheDavidians'leader,David

Koresh.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：庄园毁于大火，而非爆炸，因此A是错误的："thefireihaidesurcyed

thewoodencompoundstartedaroundnoon”表示时间是中午而非早晨，因此B是错误

的；从"killing80peopleincludingtheDavidians'leader,DavidKoresh”来看，D是错

误的；"flamesthatendeda51-daystandoffbetweenbranchmembersandthefederal

government"和C选项相符，因此C是正确的。

23、Afterreadingthepassage,howmuchdoyouknov/aboutthecompoundnearWaco?

A、About51peoplelivedinthecompoundatthetimeoftheeventin1993.

B、Itconsistedofamainstructureandabunker.

C、Itwasbuiltofstone.

D、Itwasaschoolhouse.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：在大火中有80人丧生，因此居住在庄园里的人肯定不止51个，所以

A是错误的；从"thefirethatdestroyedthewoodencompoundstartedaroundnoon'可

见其为木质结构，而非石制，因应C是错误的；"thecompoundnearWaco"是

BranchDavidian的居住地，从文中无法得出其为校舍的结论，因此D是不正确

的；文中多处提到mainstructure和bunker,因此B为正确答案。

24、Coulson'sspeechhas.

A、madellicmalleievenmuiccomplicatedandconfusing

B、beenapprovedbythegovernment

C、metsharpcriticism

D、broughtthewholematterintobroaddaylight

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文中看来，Coulson一方面承认探员向庄园发射了可能导致火灾的

催泪弹.，另一方面坚持说火灾不是这些催泪弹引起的，使整个事件变得更加扑朔迷

离，因此A是正确的。

25、Theattitudeofthenarratortowardsthismessageis.

A、neutral

B、bitter

C、excited

D、expectant

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中叙述者的口气比较平淡，倾向于中立，但aboul-face等词的使用

体现了对此事的关心和希望进一步揭露事实真相的态度，因此D是正确的。其他

三个选项都不能准确地体现叙述者的心情。

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisone,whichhasconcernedmanyofthe

world'sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome

relatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainst

oneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocial

entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomething,whichisininadequatesupply.Competitors

maynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictand

competitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessby

whichsocialentitiesfunctionisthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthus

contrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceof

oneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethat

competitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsininevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,

butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyan

essentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedforthe

inevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimal

species,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureis

competition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinor

maintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,but

inthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandforoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-

eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimsto

otherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthe

competitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleis

thecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Among

nationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactoryway

oflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistrue

thatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,and

thusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconllictamongnationsisinevitable,

althoughcompetitionis.

26、Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorder

to.

A、argueforthesimilariiiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B、smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C、distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D^summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从作者对conflici和compelilion的定义可以看出，他的目的在于说明

这两种对立的不同之处，所以正确答案应当为C。

27>Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat.

A、itresultsinwarinmostcases

B、itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C、itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D、itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：所涉及的相关信息在文章的第三段。在这一段中，作者把动物和人的

竞争做了一个比较，指出那种为生存而进行的斗争是竞争而不是冲突，所以竞争和

冲突的区别在于，前者是为了生存而进行的必要的不可避免的斗争。由此可见，正

确答案应当为D。

28、Thephrase"functioninthedisserviceofoneanother"(Para.1)mostprobably

means.

A、betrayeachother

B、harmoneanother

C^helptocollaboratewitheachother

D^benefitoneanother

标准答案：B

知识点解析：理解这句话必须联系上下文。在文章的前面提到，冲突和竞争是两种

对立，所以C选项说”它们相互合作”，D选项说”它们相互有利”，都是不正确的；

而A选项说它们“相互背叛”，也不符合题意，因此只有选项B是恰当的。

29Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict.

A、isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B、reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C^isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D^canbeavoided

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章的最后一句话”…尽管竞争是不可避免的，但我们不能说国家

之间的冲突是不可避免的'于是我们可以判断正确答案应当为Do

30、Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion"

A^Iswarinevitable?

B、Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C、Isconflictdesirable?

D^Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综合全文，可以看到作者通过对竞争和冲突的对比，说明的是文章开

头提出的那个问题，即"Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitable...",所以这一，题的

正确答案应当为A。

Howefficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobweaskof

it-convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?ItisoftensaidthattheBritishtrail

systemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice.Thelawyersoneachside

aresoengrossesinplayinghardtowin,challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnical

points,thattheobjectoffindingoutthetruthisalmostforgotten.Alltheeffortis

concentratedonthebigday,onthedramaticcrossexaminationofthekeywitnessesin

frontofthejury.Criticsliketocompareour"adversarial"system(resemblingtwo

adversariesengagedinacontest)withthecontinental'Hnquisitoriar'system,underwhich

thejudgeplaysamoreimportantinquiringrole.Inearlytimes,intheMiddleAges,the

systemsoftrialacrossEuropeweresimilar.Atthattimetrialby"ordeal"-especiallya

religiousevent-wasthemainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.Whenthisway

eventuallyabandonedthetwosystemspartedcompany.Onthecontinentchurch-trained

legalofficialstookoverthefunctionofbothprosecutingandjudging,whileinEngland

thesewerelargelylefttolaypeople,theJusticeofthePeaceandthejurymenwhowere

illiterateandthismeantthatalltheevidencehadtobeputtothemorally.Thishistorical

accidentdominatesprocedureeventoday,withallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtby

wordofmouthonthecrucialday.Ontheotherhand,inFranceforinstance,allthe

evidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialundersupervisionbyaninvestigatingjudge.This

exhaustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;muchofitisjustapubliccheckingofthe

writtenrecordsalreadygathered.TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlock,stock

andbarrelandenshrineditintheirconstitution.But,whilethebasicfeaturesofour

systemsarecommon,therearenowsignificantdifferencesinthewayseriouscasesare

handled.First,becausetheU.S.A,hasvirtuallynocontemptofcourtlawstoprevent

pretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandontelevision,Americanslawyersareallowedto

questionjurorsaboutknowledgeandbeliefs.InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowed,

andarandoniselectionofjurorswhoarepresumednutLubeprejudicedareenipanelled.

Secondly,thereisnoseparateprofessionofbarristerintheUnitedStates,andboth

prosecutionanddefenselawyerswhoaretopresentcasesincourtpreparethemselves.

Theygooutandvisitthescene,trackdownandinterviewwitnesses,andfamiliarize

themselvespersonallywiththebackground.InBritainitisthesolicitorwhopreparesthe

case,andthebarristerwhoappearsincourtisnotevenallowedtomeetwitness

beforehand,Britishbarristersalsoalternatedoingbothprosecutionanddefensework.

Beingkeptdistantfromthepreparationandregularlyappearingforbothsides,barristers

aresaidtoavoidbecomingtoopersonallyinvolved,andcanapproachcasesmore

dispassionately.Americanlawyers,however,oftenknewtheircasesbetter.Reformers

rightlywanttolearnfromothercountries-mistakesandsuccesses.Butwhatisclearis

thatjusticesystems,largelybecausetheyaretheresultoflonghistoricalgrowth,are

peculiarlydifficulttoadaptpiecemeal.

31、Britishtrialsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice.It

impliesthat.

A、theBritishlegalsystemcandothebasicjobwell-convictingtheguiltyand

acquittingtheinnocent

B、theBritishlegalsystemisworsethanthecontinentallegalsystem

C、theBritishlegalsystemisoftenconsideredtobenotveryfair

D、theBritishlegalsystemisveryefficient

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道准断题，句意为”英国审判制度与其说是严肃执法，倒穴如

说是一场游戏”。其言外之意就是“英国法律制度并不公正、于是，正确答案应当

为C。

32、WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?

A、OralevidencewasunnecessaryinFrancebecausethejudgesandprosecutorscould

read.

B、WhentrialbyordealwasfinallyabandonedthroughoutEurope,trialbyjurywas

introducedinBritain.

C、Intheadversarialsystem,itisthelawyerswhoplaytheleadingroles.

D^LawyersinBritainarepreparedtolieinordertowintheircases.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这道细节题所涉及的相关信息在文章的前面二段c根据第二段可以判

断A选项是与原文相符的；根据第二段的第三句话，可以判断B选项与原文和

符；根据第一段可以判断C选项与原文相符；只有D选项在文中找不到相关的意

思，所以选D。

33、InBritain,newspapers.

A、dothesameasAmericannewspapersdo

B、arenotinterestedinpublishingdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

C、arenotallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

D、areallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesplace

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在文中第四段第二句和第三句谈到，英美两国在受理重刑案件时

一个最显著的区别是：美国法律并不阻止报纸和电视在庭审前对这类案件的大肆渲

染。由此可见，在审理重刑案件之前，英国法律是不允许报纸报道任何细节的。因

此这道题的正确答案应当为Co

34、WecaninferthatAmericanlawyers.

A、donotattempttofamiliarizethemselveswithcases

B、preparethecasesthemselves

C、lendtubemurepassionatelyinvolvedinlliciicases

D、tendtoapproachcasesdispassionately

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章的倒数第二段的最后两句话，我们可以推断出与英国的律师不

同，美国律师更了解案情；换言之，他们对案件更热衷一些，所以此题答案应当为

Co

35、Thepassage.

A、questionswhetherthesystemoftrialbyjurycaneverbecompletelyefficient

B、suggestsanumberofreformswhichshouldbemadetothelegalsystemofvarious

countries

C、describeshowtheBritishlegalsystemworksandcomparesitfavourablywithother

systems

D、comparesthelegalsystemsofanumberofcountriesanddiscussestheiradvantages

anddisadvantages

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综合全文，我们可以看一到，文章第一段指出了英国法律制度存在的弊

端，第二段谈到英国法律制度的优点，第三段谈到英国法律制度与法国法律制度相

比存在的利弊，第四、五段则评述了英美国家法律制度的异同。由此我们可以推

断，全文的主旨是将几国的法律制度相比较并阐述它们各自的利弊，因此正确答案

应当为D。

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe

47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,

either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtime

customerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'ma

goodeconomicindicator",shesays.nIprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhen

they'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars".SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingat

middle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadof

NeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too1',shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lots

ofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.Fromcar

dealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheir

spending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween

ThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,

expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundany

alarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaythey

remainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodest

belt-lightening.Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadful

headlines,theirownf