2026年专升本英语语法练习题

2026年专升本英语语法练习题一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"Thecompanyhasbeenlosingmoneyforthreeyears,"theverbphrase"hasbeenlosing"isanexampleofwhichgrammaticalstructure?A.PresentperfectcontinuoustenseB.PastperfecttenseC.PresentperfecttenseD.Pastperfectcontinuoustense解析：该句中动词短语"hasbeenlosing"表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调动作的持续性，符合现在完成进行时的特征。现在完成进行时由"have/hasbeen+现在分词"构成，常用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。选项A正确，其他选项均不符合该句的时态特征。2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescorrectlyusesthepassivevoice?A.Themanagerwillbeappointednextweek.B.Shehasbeenseenbythepolice.C.Theyarebeingdiscussedbythecommittee.D.Alloftheabove.解析：选项A、B、C均使用了被动语态。A项中"willbeappointed"表示将来被任命；B项中"hasbeenseen"表示过去被看见；C项中"arebeingdiscussed"表示现在被讨论。被动语态由"be动词+过去分词"构成，常用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。选项D正确。3.Inthesentence"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam,"whatmoodisbeingused?A.IndicativemoodB.ImperativemoodC.SubjunctivemoodD.Conditionalmood解析：该句使用了虚拟语气中的条件式，具体为第三类条件句（与过去事实相反）。句中"hadstudied"是虚拟语气形式，"wouldhavepassed"表示假设结果。虚拟语气常用于表达非真实条件、愿望或建议。选项D正确。4.Whichgrammaticaltermbestdescribestherelationshipbetween"Thedog"and"barks"inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly"?A.Subject-verbagreementB.DirectobjectC.AdverbialphraseD.Subjectcomplement解析：在该句中，"Thedog"是主语，"barks"是谓语动词，两者在数上保持一致，符合主谓一致原则。主谓一致是动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致的规定。选项A正确。5.Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof"too"inthesentence"Sheistootiredtocontinueworking"?A.AdverbofdegreeB.AdverbofmannerC.AdverbofplaceD.Adverboftime解析："too"在该句中修饰形容词"tired"，表示程度过高，属于程度副词。程度副词常用来修饰形容词或副词，表示"过于""非常"等含义。选项A正确。6.Inthesentence"ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting,"whatisthegrammaticalroleof"that"?A.MainverbB.SubordinatingconjunctionC.RelativepronounD.Preposition解析："that"在该句中引导定语从句，并在从句中作动词"bought"的宾语，属于关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。选项C正确。7.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainsacorrectuseofarticles?A.Iboughtabooksyesterday.B.ShewenttoschoolonMonday.C.Thewaterisboilinginthepot.D.Theyareeatinganapplesforlunch.解析：选项C正确使用了定冠词"the"，表示特指"锅里的水"。A项中"books"前应加不定冠词"a"；B项中"Monday"前无需冠词；D项中"apples"前应加不定冠词"a"。8.Inthesentence"Heistallerthanhisbrother,"whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof"than"?A.ConjunctionB.PrepositionC.AdverbD.Interrogativeadverb解析："than"在该句中连接比较级结构，表示两者之间的比较关系，属于连词。连词用于连接词、短语或从句。选项A正确。9.Whichgrammaticalstructureisillustratedinthesentence"Thestudents,whoarestudyinghard,willpasstheexam"?A.AbsolutephraseB.ParticipialphraseC.InfinitivephraseD.Relativeclause解析："whoarestudyinghard"是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词"students"，说明哪些学生。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，对先行词进行限定。选项D正确。10.Whatisthegrammaticaltermforthestructure"toseethemovie"?A.GerundphraseB.InfinitivephraseC.ParticipialphraseD.Prepositionalphrase解析："toseethemovie"是一个不定式短语，由"to+动词原形"构成，在句中可作主语、宾语或状语。不定式短语具有名词、形容词或副词的功能。选项B正确。二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thecompany______(notfinish)theprojectbythedeadline.参考答案：hasnotfinished解析：根据句意表示动作未完成，且强调持续性，应使用现在完成时。否定形式为"have/hasnot+过去分词"。2.Ifshe______(study)harder,she______(pass)theexam.参考答案：hadstudied,wouldhavepassed解析：该句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句用"wouldhave+过去分词"。3.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyear.参考答案：waswritten解析：该句使用被动语态，表示动作由他人执行，结构为"be动词+过去分词"。4.______(be)youlateforthemeeting,youshouldhavecalledus.参考答案：Were解析：该句为虚拟语气中的第二类条件句，从句用过去式或过去进行时，主句用"should/would/could+动词原形"。5.Thestudentsareexcited______(go)onthetripnextweek.参考答案：togo解析："beexcitedtodosth"是固定搭配，表示"对做某事感到兴奋"。6.Theman______(see)inthephotoismygrandfather.参考答案：whois解析：该句使用定语从句修饰"theman"，关系代词"who"在从句中作主语。7.Sheistooyoung______driveacar.参考答案：todrive解析："too+adj/adv+todosth"是固定结构，表示"太...而不能做某事"。8.Theteacheraskedthestudents______(review)theirnotesbeforethetest.参考答案：toreview解析："asksbtodosth"是固定搭配，表示"要求某人做某事"。9.Thebookonthetable______(read)bymanystudents.参考答案：hasbeenread解析：该句使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作由他人执行且持续到现在。10.IfI______(have)moretime,I______(learn)French.参考答案：had,wouldlearn解析：该句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去式，主句用"would+动词原形"。三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"HehasgonetoLondon"indicatesheisstillinLondon.(×)解析：该句使用现在完成时，表示动作完成但结果未知，不强调是否仍在伦敦。2.Thesubjunctivemoodisalwaysusedinifclauses.(×)解析：if从句中通常用陈述语气，只有表示虚拟条件时才用虚拟语气。3."Thecar"and"bought"in"Thecarwasboughtyesterday"areinsubject-verbagreement.(√)解析：主语"thecar"是单数，谓语"wasbought"符合单数形式，正确。4."Very"and"too"canbeusedinterchangeablyinallsentences.(×)解析："very"表示程度，"too"表示程度过高，用法不同。5.Therelativepronoun"which"canonlyrefertothings.(×)解析："which"既可指物也可指地点。6.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoice.(√)解析：被动语态常用于强调动作承受者，多见于正式文体。7."Iamtired"and"Iamtiredofstudying"havethesamemeaning.(×)解析："of"使句意变为"对...厌倦"。8.Theinfinitive"tosee"canfunctionasasubject.(√)解析："Toseeistodo"是常见表达，不定式可作主语。9.ArticlesmustbeusedbeforeallnounsinEnglish.(×)解析：不定冠词、定冠词及零冠词的用法需根据语境判断。10.Thesentence"HeistallerthanI"iscorrect.(√)解析：比较级结构中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可省略从句主语。四、简答题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfectandthepresentperfectcontinuoustenses.参考答案：现在完成时强调动作完成且与现在有关，常与"for/since"连用；现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，常与"for/since"连用，并突出动作仍在进行。例如："Hehasfinishedthework"（完成）vs"Hehasbeenworkingfortwohours"（持续）。2.Whatisarelativeclauseandhowdoesitfunctioninasentence?参考答案：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰先行词的从句。功能包括限定先行词（如"ThebookIboughtisinteresting"）、说明特征或情况。从句中关系词可作主语、宾语或表语。3.Describetherulesofsubject-verbagreementinEnglish.参考答案：主谓一致规则包括：①单数主语用单数动词（Hewrites）；②复数主语用复数动词（Theywrite）；③不可数名词作主语用单数动词（Waterflows）；④集合名词视情况（Teamis/are）；⑤不定代词（each/every）用单数动词。4.Whatisthepurposeofusingthepassivevoiceinwriting?参考答案：被动语态用于强调动作承受者而非执行者，使句子更客观（如"TheexperimentwasconductedbySmith"）；避免指明执行者时（如"Errorswerefound"）；或使行文更正式。5.Howdoesthesubjunctivemooddifferfromtheindicativemood?参考答案：虚拟语气（如"IfIwereyou"）表示非真实情况，常用于假设、建议；陈述语气（如"Iamtired"）表示事实或观点。虚拟语气动词形式特殊（were/had）。6.Explaintheuseofarticles(a/an,the)inEnglish.参考答案：不定冠词用于泛指（abook），首次提及（anapple），数量不定；定冠词用于特指（thebook），上文提及（thecar），独一无二（thesun），序数词前（thefirst）。零冠词用于泛指复数（books），物质名词（water），抽象名词（love）。7.Whatisanadverbialphraseandhowdoesitmodifyasentence?参考答案：状语短语由副词、介词短语等构成，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、方式等。例如："Herunsquickly"（方式）,"Yesterday"（时间）。8.Whyisitimportanttouseparallelstructureinsentences?参考答案：平行结构要求并列成分形式一致（如"toread,towrite,andtostudy"），使句子清晰、流畅、对称，避免逻辑混乱（如避免"Helikesreading,towrite,andswimming"）。五、应用题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thecommitteewillreviewtheproposalnextweek."参考答案："Theproposalwillbereviewedbythecommitteenextweek."解析：被动语态需将主动语态的主语变为介词"by"后的宾语，动词改为"be+过去分词"。2.Transformthesentenceintoaconditionalsentencewithathirdconditional:"Ifshehadstudied,shewouldhavepassed."参考答案："Shewouldhavepassedifshehadstudied."解析：第三类条件句可转换为主从句倒装，从句提前。3.Correcttheerrorsinthesentence:"Heistootiredtocontinueworkingandtootofinishthereport."参考答案："Heistootiredtocontinueworkingandtootiredtofinishthereport."解析：too+adj+todosth结构需保持一致。4.Combinethefollowingtwosentencesusingarelativeclause:"Themanistall.Heplaysbasketball."参考答案："Themanwhoistallplaysbasketball."解析：关系代词"who"指代"theman"，并在从句中作主语。5.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepresentperfectcontinuoustense:"Shewrotetheletteryesterday."参考答案："Shehasbeenwritingtheletterfortwohours."解析：现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在，需添加时间状语。6.Rewritethesentenceusinganadverbialphrase:"Herunsfast."参考答案："Herunswithgreatspeed."解析：将形容词"fast"改为介词短语"withgreatspeed"作状语。7.Correctthearticleerrorinthesentence:"Iboughtbooksinthelibraryyesterday."参考答案："Iboughtbooksinthelibraryyesterday."解析：复数名词"books"前无需冠词。8.Transformthefollowingsentenceintoanimperativesentence:"Youshouldreviewyournotesbeforetheexam."参考答案："Reviewyournotesbeforetheexam."解析：祈使句省略主语"you"，动词原形提前。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.D3.C4.A5.A6.C7.C8.A9.D10.B二、填空题1.hasnotfinished2.hadstudied,wouldhavepassed3.waswritten4.Were5.togo6.whois7.todrive8.toreview9.hasbeenread10.had,wouldlearn三、判断题1.×