考研英语（二）模拟试卷67

考研英语（二）模拟试卷67

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

FromthefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636untiltheCivilWar,Americanuniversity

educationwasmostlyaboutsendingpiousandhopefullywell-readgentlemenforthinto

theworld.AsLouisMenand,aHarvardEnglishprofessorandliterarycritic,haswritten,

whatAmericansthinkofastheuniversityisof[Cl]recentvintage.In1862the

MorrillActcreatedland-grantuniversities,broadeningopportunitiesforthoseforwhom

collegehadbeena[C2]impossibility.Menandandotherhistoriansofcollegiate

curriculums[C3]thatatHarvardin1869,CharlesWilliamEliotbecame

presidentandcreatedacultureinwhichthebachelor'sdegreebecamethekeycredential

for[C4]professionaleducation—aculturethatcameto[C5]therest

oftheAmericanacademy.The19thcenturyalsosawtheriseofthegreatEuropean

researchuniversity;theGermanmodelofscholar-teacherswhoeducatedundergraduates

while[C6]iheirownresearchinlereslsmovedacrossthe[C7].The

notionthatastudentshouldgraduatewithabroadbaseofknowledgeis,inMenand's

words,"themostmodernpartofthemodernuniversity,"ItwasonlyafterWorldWarL

in1919,[C8]ColumbiaCollegeundertookageneral-educationcourse,called

ContemporaryCivilization.[C9]readingclassictexts-fromPlato'sRepublic

toThePrincetotheDeclarationofIndependence,withtheBibleandEdmundBurke

thrownin[CIO]—anddiscussingtheminthecontextofenduringissuesin

humansociety,everystudentwas[Cl11toengagewithideasthatformedthe

mainstreamoftheAmericanmind.The[C12]forthemovereflectedalarger

socialandculturalconcernwith[C13]thechildrenofimmigrantsinto

Americanculture.RobertMaynardHutchins[CI4]asimilarapproachatthe

UniversityofChicago.Thecourseswerenotaboutrotememorization;theywere(and

are)[C15]readingfollowedbydiscussion.Theywere(andare)requiredofallstudents,

somethingthat[C16]ColumbiaandChicagoapartfrommanyothercolleges一

andstilldoes.WorldWarIIhelped[C17]theHarvardReportof1945,aneffort

byAmerica'soldestcollegetoprovideacommonculturalbasisnotonlyforitselite

studentsbutalsofortherisingmiddleclass.Studentswere[C18]toread,for

example,thegreatbooks.Asthedecades[C19],however,theassumptionthat

therewasagivenbodyofknowledgeoragivensetofauthorsthathadtobelearnedor

readcame[C20]culturalandacademicattack.Whowastosaywhatwasgreat?

Whynotletteachersdecidewhattoteachandstudentsdecidewhattostudy?

K[Cl]

A、relatively

B、unknowingly

C、shockingly

D^eventually

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文的一开头，作者告诉我们从哈佛大学建校到美国内战，美国大学

的宗旨是向世界输送虔诚和博学之人。本句提出哈佛大学教授和文学评论家Louis

Menand认为，现在美国人对大学的观念(就是本文第三段的提到的collegeshould

provideacommonculturalbasisnotonlyforitselitestudentsbutalsofortherising

middleclass)是相对比较新，所以选福A。unknowingly是“不知不觉地”；

shockingly是“惊人地”;eventually是“最终地”。

2、[C2]

A、actual

B、virtual

C、visual

D、factual

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句的意思是T862年的《摩利尔法案》开创赠地大学，为此拓宽了

那些原来上大学实质上是无望者的机会”，题意决定此处只能选择具有“实质上的”

这个意思的单词，所以只能选virtual；actual意思是“事实上的'visual意思是“视

觉上的“；faciual意思是“事实的；真实的

3、[C3]

A、note

B、notify

C^advocate

D、dictate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句接着告诉我们当代美国大学的变化，指出“Menand和其他研究大

学教学大纲的历史学家留意到，1869年CharlesWilliamEliot成为哈佛大学校长之

后，创造了一种文化，学士学位成为……关键文凭:根据题意，只能选noted”留

意：注意到”;notify是“通知”,如：notifysb.ofsth.通知某人某事；advocate是

“倡导；主张“，后面从句的事情通常还没有发生；dictate意思是“听写；命令:

4、[C4]

A^outgoing

B、forthcoming

C、ongoing

D^upsetting

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从上题的解析中我们推知，本科教育是当下职业教育的关键学历，所

以正确选项是Congoing；outgoing是“夕卜向的”,如：outgoingcharacter外向型性

格；forthcoming是“即将到来的”,如:forthcomingholidays即将到来的假期;

upsetting是“令人不安的"，如:upsettingsituation令人不妥的局面。

5、[C5]

A、share

B、shock

C^shape

D、sharpen

标准答展：C

知识点解析：哈佛大学校长的办学理念在美国创造了新的文化，这个文化影响到其

他美国学术界。这里需要选择具有“影响”的动词，所以选择shape；share是“分

享”；shock是“震惊"；sharpen是“使变得锋利、敏锐”。

6、[C6]

A、striving

B、pursuing

C、proposing

D、conceiving

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这个选项的出处句告诉我们“19世纪也兴起了了不起的欧洲研究性大

学；在德国出现新的大学办学模式，大学教师也同时是学者，他们要给本科生上

课，同时追求自己的研究兴趣''，根据这个题意，我们只能选择pursuing；strive是

“努力”，后面跟不定式或介词for或after,如：Hestrovetoberecognizedasa

musician.他力争成为一名社会公认的音乐家。striveforabreakthroughincancer

research力争在癌症研究方面有个突破：striveafterobjectivity力求做到客观；

propose是'提出“；conceive是“想；构思；怀”。

7、[C7]

A、IndianOcean

B、Pacific

C、ArcticOcean

D、Atlantic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这四个选项表示的世界几个大洋。德国是在欧洲，与美国相隔的是大

西洋，所以“德国模式只能穿过大西洋才能来到美洲”。故选择D。

8、[C8]

A、that

when

C、which

D、how

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句是考查考生的语法知识，明显是itis…that…这个强调句型。故

选择that。整句的意思是“只是在1919年第一次世界大战之后，哥伦比亚大学才开

始开设叫作‘现代文明’这门通识教育课程

9、[C9]

A、On

By

C、In

D、With

标准答案：B

知识点解析：要选择正确，考生必须看懂整个句子的语法成分：本句的主语是

everystudent,在此之前都是动词分词(reading和discussing)引导的状语，谓语是

was11toengage,剩下的就是宾语。根据句义选择介词by才最符合逻辑，因为by

doingsth.是“通过做某事"，而ondoingslh.是“做了某步之后"；indoingslh.是

“在做某事的过程中”：

10、[CIO]

A、forgoodmeasure

B、withgoodintentions

C、intheend

D、afterall

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从这个分词短语我们得知，学生需要阅读古典作品，从柏拉图的《理

想国》、《王子》到《美国独立宣言》，另外还插入《圣经》和伯克的作品。with

theBibleandEdmundBurkethrownin10这个结构是with加上独立主格结构，

thrownin是过去分词，意思是“插入”，之所以是过去分词，是因为《圣经》和伯克

的作品与动词throwin之间是被动关系。选项forgoodmeasure意思是“另外”，

如：Hesoldmethecararacheappriceandinclndcdtheradioforgoodmeasure.他廉

价卖给我这辆汽车，还奉送了收音机。atlength意思是“最后；详细地”；intheend

是"最后”;afterall是"毕竟

11、[C11]

A、compelled

B、propelled

C^expelled

D、impelled

标准答案：A

知识点解析：通过阅读那些古典作品，学生不得不接触到形成了美国主流思想的东

西。四个选项都还有一pel这个词根，但是compel是“迫使"；propel是“推动”；

expel是“赶出"；impel是“推进”。

12、[C12]

A、impact

implication

C、impetus

D、imperative

标准答案：c

知识点解析：上面说美国大学生必须阅读很多经典，渐渐地就接触到美国的主流文

化。这个运动的推动力反映社会和文化所关切的事就是将移民者的孩子融入美国文

化。这个题意决定我们只能选impetus意思是“推动力”，如：theprimaryimpelus

behindtheeconomicrecovery促进经济复苏的主要推动力。Hisenthusiasmisan

impelusforlheleam.他的热情对全队是一种鼓舞；impact意思是“冲击力；影

响”，后面跟介词on；implication是“隐含的意思”：imperative作名词的意思是“必

要的事；需要“，in：Itisanimperativeofnationalpolicy.这是一项国策性的必要措

施。

13、[C13]

A、accusing

B、accustoming

C^accompanying

D、assimilating

标准答案：D

知识点解析♦：决定该题的选择既有语义上的考虑，也有搭配上的原因。只有

assimilate宾语后面的介词是into,assimilatesb.into>如：ThefewEnglishpeople

whoareintheregionhavebeenassimilatedintoFrenchculture.该地区不多的几个英

国人已全被法国文化所同化。而accuse的用法是accusesb.ofsth.；accustom

sb.tosth.使某人习惯于，如：accustomonesclftorisingearly使自己习惯于早起；

accompany意思是"陪伴"，如：accompanyafriendonawalk陪朋友散步。Hewas

accompaniedtoadinnerbyhisfriend.他有朋友陪同赴宴。

14、[CI4]

A、adopted

B、adapted

C、adjusted

D、admitted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上面介绍了哥伦比亚大学的做法。这句告诉我们芝加哥大学也______

了类似的做法。根据句子的意思，显然只能选择具有“采取”这个意思的动词，所以

选择adopted；adapt是“使适应”;adjust是“调节;调整“；admit是“承认;录取

15、[C15]

A、reliedon

B、centeredon

C、reflectedon

D、insistedon

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这句就告诉我们芝加哥大学类似的做法究竟是什么：课程的目的不是

让学生死记硬背；课程的核心是阅读和读后的讨论。四个选项只有cenleredon可

以在be动词之后,becenteredon意思是"集中",如：Allhisattentionsarecentered

onhischild'seducation.他所有精力都集中在孩子的教育上。relyon是“依靠”；

refleclon是“反思"，如：refleclonlhepasl反思过去；insislon是“坚持

16、[C16]

A、divided

B、sent

C^set

D、took

标准答案：C

知识点解析♦：从上文可以知道，哥伦比亚大学和芝加哥大学都要求学生阅读经典，

这是两所大学和其他大学不同的地方。这个句子的意思决定选择C,因为setA

apartfromB意思就是“将A与B区分开来”;divide通常用法是dividesth.into。

17、[C17]

A、bringabout

B、bringoff

C>bringout

D、bringalong

标准答案：A

知识点解析：木句的意思是第二次世界大战促成了1945年哈佛报告的问世，据说

1945年列出的报告是20世纪美国最影响力的教育宣言。所以选择bringabout,意、

思是“导致,产生”；bringoff意思是“成功地做”,如：bringoffadifficulttask；

bringout是“取出：使变得明显”:bringalong是“把...带来

18、[C18]

A、forced

expected

C、condemned

D、entitled

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从语义来看只能选择expected。因为forced是“强迫”；condemned是

“谴责"：entitled是“有权做或享受”。

19、[C19]

A、wentoff

B、wentout

C^wentby

D、wenton

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这个分句告诉我们，“几十年过去了所以当然选择动词短语went

byogooff意思是“离开；爆炸”；go加是“出去；熄灭“；goon是“继续；发生'

20、[C20]

A、after

B、through

C^inside

D、under

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这句是说，“几十年过去了，那种认为存在某个知识体系必须去学

习、有一帮作者的著作必须阅读的观念遭到文化界和学术界的攻击工”遭到攻击”

应表述为comeunderattack,所以选择Do

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswill

haveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walk

intoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,

youwillnowseeplentymorewomen—theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWharton

School,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseea

widerangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbe

tempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequal

opportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskfora

newtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,

therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetof

clonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedto

addressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreate

moreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,

associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammers

recruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetof

criteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblem

solvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshould

looklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencing

factors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,

tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach—arguablythe

onlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelieves

schoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,

consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgrounds

inareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwill

allowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobea

demandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyManna,a

leadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveof

oldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowards

lesstoughstylesofmanagement-atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmost

significant,accordingtoManna,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmore

collaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseekto

integratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibility

andaccountability.

21、Whatcharacterizesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?.

Greaterdiversity

B、Intellectualmaturity

C、Exceptionaldiligence

D^Higherambition

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。第一段作者列举沃顿商学院，约40%为女生，且有来自世

界各国的学生。原文是“40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawide

rangeofethniegroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.”由此得到学校的特

点是多兀化。

22Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?.

A、Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations

B、Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle

C^Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills

D、Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第二段“But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecoming

amaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesand

mothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitions''作者先总

起，多元化背后是同一化；并进一步解秤，虽然肤色，性别和母语各不相同，但态

度，期望值和抱负却一致。其实，可利用“conformity”和“common”得到答案。

23、WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?.

A、Ageandeducationalbackground

B、Socialandprofessionalexperience

C、Attitudeandapproachtobusiness

D、Ethnicoriginandgender

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节撅。在第三段提到对商学院最重要的是“diversityofattitudeand

approach—arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.”态

度和方法的多元化。

24、WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsider

recruiting?

A、Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies

B、Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics

C^Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors

D、Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第四段提到除了在传统行业找MBA学生外，还要寻找专攻

政治经济、创意艺术、历史或哲学等专业的学生，赋予商业决策更大的内涵。

“Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspolitical

science,thecreativearts-historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusiness

decisionsintoawidercontext.”

25、WhatdoesMannasayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?.

A^Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement

B、Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside

C、Iladoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel

D^Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章最后一段提到几个变化，利用提示词“most

significant”，找至U出题处“Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoManna>isthe

increasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels”合作

型企业管理模式越来越受到大企业的关注。

Comeon—Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalf

forcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewords"peerpressure".Itusually

leadstonogood—drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,

TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshe

callsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroup

dynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.Rosenberg,the

recipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexamplesofthesocialcureinaction:In

SouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalled"RageAgainsttheHaze"

setsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknown

as"LoveLife"recruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theidea

seemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessof

manypubic-hcalthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthy

habits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology."Daretobe

different,pleasedon'tsmoke!"pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmoking

amongteenagers—teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergargues

convincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,so

skilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,

Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailand

notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressureso

powerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasitispresentedhereisthatitdoesn't

workverywellforverylong."RageAgainsttheHaze"failedoncestatefundingwascut.

Evidencethatthe"LoveLife1'programproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

There'snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.An

emergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabitsaswellasnegativeones

spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformof

peerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,

however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteer

theiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It'sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthe

troublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbe:ter-behavedclassmates.Thetactic

neverreallyworks.Andthat'stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromthe

outside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

26、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas.

A、asupplementtothesocialcure

B、astimulustogroupdynamics

C、anobstacletoschoolprogress

D、acauseofundesirablebehaviors

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。题目有重要提示“usually”，由此找到相关信息出现在第一段

开始处”…peerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual

sex.”同伴压力经常带来的是不良行为，和D项”不好行为的原因“一致。

27、Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould.

A、recruitprofessionaladvertisers

B、leamfromadvertisers?experience

C、stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

D、recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第三段结束处“public—healthadvocatesoughttotakeapage

fromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure."Rosenberg认为公共卫生倡导

者应向广告商学习，娴熟运用同伴压力。

28、Intheauthor'sview,Rosenberg'sbookfailsto

A、adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

B、effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

C^illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

D^producealong-lastingsocialeffect

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第四段出现最高级，提到她的书的最大软肋是没有持久的社

会效果。原文是"Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'spresentedhereisthatit

doesn'tworkverywellfbrverylong.”这和D项一致。

29、Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors.

A^isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

B、willmisleadbehavioralstudies

C^occurswithoutourrealizingit

D、canproducenegativehealthhabits

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第五段最后一句"Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure：we

unconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.”中“unconsciously”无意识地。

30、Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis.

A、harmful

B、desirable

C、profound

D、questionable

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。最后一段提到“Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfully

expertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuous

directions.”确定同伴压力是否奏效,不确定因素很大，和D项提到的“有疑问”的

一致。

Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,

innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest'soverly

indebtedandsluggish（经济滞长的）nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafew

decadesago,Asia'stwogiantswerestagnatingunderfaultyeconomicideologies.

However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketrelbrmsinthe1980s,followedby

Indiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopenedup

theirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.Asthe

IndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,"Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethas

oftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.1Contrastthismiddlepathwith

AmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.

Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolled

freemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldRegan'sidea

that"governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.*'Of

course,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007.itwasdecisivegovernment

interventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstrongly

opposedto"biggovernment."IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheir

antigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica'sproblemsarenot

insoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.

Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry'shuge

governmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.Asmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfree

Americafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergy

development.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidies

couldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sense

solutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmaller

governmentandlessregulation.Americanpoliticiansv/illhavetodevelopthecourageto

followwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesand

badtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-term

fiscal（财政的）policiesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferent

ideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfinite

resourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.Unlikethe

Americans,whofeltthat:hcmarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehow

themarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnionis

creatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,

butitwillnotsolvethebloc'slargerproblem.

31、WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia?.

A、Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior

B、Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment

C>Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels

D、Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention

标准答案：D

知识点解析:细节题。第二段“theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensible

govemmentdirection”中国和印度的经济成功归因于政府调控和市场经济两者的平

衡。

32、WhatdocsRonaldReaganmeanbysaying"governmentistheproblcm"(Linc4,

Para.3)?.

A、Manysocialevilsarecausedbywronggovernmentpolicies

Manysocialproblemsarisefromgovernment'sinefficiency

C、Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems

D、Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：引申题。第三段“Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideology

ofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernmentfollowingRonald

Regan'sideathaCgovernmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;govemmentisthe

problem「”里根讲政府是问题的根源。于是，美国人坚持无制约的自由市场和排

除政府在市场里的作用。这和D项提到的政府的规定妨碍经济发展一致。

33、WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin2007?.

A、Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket

B、Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusinesses

C、Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic

D、Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第三段结束处“whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin

2007,itwasdccisivcgovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.”市场崩溃前，是政

府及时出手挽救了美国经济。

34、Whatistheauthor'ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublic

governmentdeficit?.

A^Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicpolicies

B、Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport

C^Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation

D、Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferenttaxes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。倒数第二段提到美国人应放弃小政府，少些规定的理念，这

样能解决美国很多问题。原文为“Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirown

attachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.”

35、What'stheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion?.

A、Conservativeideology

B、Shrinkingmarket

C、Lackofresources

D、Excessiveborrowing

标准答案：D

知识点解析:细节题。最后一段"Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:

thebcliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcould

continueborrowingasiftherewereno[omorrow.”欧洲成了不同思想的牺牲品，自以

为欧洲政府有无限的资源，也可无节制地借贷。困扰欧洲的问题是无节制的借贷。

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,

theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,

moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.These

rulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsalthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,nottheprice

managersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks'lobbyingnow

seemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard­

setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,

unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystem

willbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancial

AccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushcdthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmore

freedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglosses

onlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,criedout

againstthosewho"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhance

whatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls"theuseofjudgmentbymanagement/'European

ministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandards

Board(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdocsnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,

butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearis

strong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid*'not

liveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealworld"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelop

differentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

overvaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausethey

largelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.The

truthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,

suggestingthatinvestorsarcskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisof

bankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyall

thosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedand

dealtwith.America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmark

assetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentand

evencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaning

uprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecial

interests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemore

concessions.

36Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto.

A、followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

B、collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

C^cooperatewiththepricemanagers

D、reevaluatesomeoftheirassets

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。第一段结束“Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthe

priceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethem

lofetch.”银行家抱怨他们要遵守新的资产估值规定，要以愿意出资购买的第三方

出价为准，这对他们是不利的。这和A项一致。

37、Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin.

A、thediminishingroleofmanagement

B、therevivalofthebankingsystem

C、thebanks'long-termassetlosses

D、theweakeningofitsindependence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：引中题。第三段"Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstov