考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷84

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷84

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.Forquestions1—5,youarc

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A—Handfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.Thereisoneextraparagraphwhichyou

donotneedtouse.|A]Finally,theywillsufferadropinsocialcapital.Intimesof

recession,peoplespendmoretimeathome.Butthiswillbethefirststeeprecessionsince

therevolutioninhouseholdformation.Nestingamongstanextendedfamilyrichinsocial

capitalisverydifferentfromnestinginaone-personhouseholdthatisisolatedfrom

familyandcommunitybonds.Peopleinthelowermiddleclasshavemuchhigherdivorce

ratesandmanyfewercommunitytics.Forthem,self-isolationismorelikelytobea

dangerouspsychologicalspiral.|B|Thephenomenonisnoticeableindevelopingnations.

Overthepastdecade,millionsofpeopleinthesesocietieshaveclimbedoutofpoverty.

Buttheglobalrecessionispushingthembackdown.Manyseemfuriouswithdemocracy

andcapitalism,whichtheybelieveledtotheirshattereddreams.It'spossiblethatthe

Obamaadministrationwillspendmuchofitstimebattlingaglobalprotestmovement

thatdoesn'tevenexistyet.[C]Inthisrecession,maybeevenmorethanotherones,thelast

onestojointhemiddleclasswillbethefirstonesout.Anditwon'tonlybematerial

deprivationsthatbite.Itv/illbethelossofasocialidentity,thelossofsocialnetworks,

thelossofthelittlestatussymbolsthatsuggestanelevatedplaceinthesocialorder.

Thesereversalsareboundtoproducealienationandapoliticalresponse.Ifyouwantto

knowwherethenextbigsocialmovementswillcomefrom,I'dsaytheformerlymiddle

class.[D]Themembersoftheformerlymiddleclasswillsufferhousingreversals.The

currentmortgagecrisisishavingitsmostconcentratedeffectonpeopleonthelowest

ladderofmiddle-classlife-peoplewholiveinfast-growingsuburbsinFloridaand

Nevadathatarcnowfloodedwithhousingreversals;peoplewhojustmovedoutoftheir

urbanneighborhoodsandmadeittomodest,oldersuburbsinCaliforniaandMichigan.

Suddenly,thehomeofone'sownisgone,andit'sbacktotheapartmentcomplex.|E|The

leastwelloffarenormallythehardesthitbyrecession,butthecurrentdownturnisvery

muchamiddleclassphenomenonduetothefinancialandhousingmarketcrises.Having

abusedcreditduringtheboomyearsasthevalueoftheirhomesandstocksrose,many

middleclasshouseholds,particularlyintheUSAandtheUK,arenowfacinguptoa

heavydebtburden.[FJInthiscountry,therearcalsomillionsofpeoplefacingthe

psychologicalandsocialpressuresofdownwardmobility.Inthemonthsahead,the

membersoftheformerlymiddleclasswillsuffercareerreversals.PacoUnderhill,the

retailingexpert,tellsmethat20percentofthemallstorefrontscouldsoonbeempty.That

factalonemeansthatthousandsofservice-economyworkerswillexperiencetheself­

doubtthatgoeswithunemployment.[G]Atthebeginningofeveryrecession,thereare

peoplewhoseethedownturnasanoccasionformoralrevival:Americanswilllearnto

livewithoutmaterialextravagances.They'llsimplifytheirlives.They'llrediscoverwhat

reallymatters;home,friendsandfamily.Butrecessionsareaboutmorethanmaterial

deprivatioaThey'realsoaboutfearanddiminishedexpectations.Thecultural

consequencesofrecessionsarerarelyuplifting.Theeconomicslowdownofthe1880s

and1890sproducedasurgeofagrarianpopulismandnativism.Therecessionofthe

1970sproducedacynicismthathasneverreallygoneaway.[H]Recessionsbreed

pessimism.That'swhybirthratestendtodropandsuicideratestendtorise.This

recessionwillprobablyhaveitsownsocialprofile.Inparticular,it'slikelytoproducea

newsocialgroup:theformerlymiddleclass.Thesearcpeoplewhoachievedmiddle

classstatusatthetailendofthelongboom,andthenlostit.Tothem,thegapbetween

wheretheyareandwheretheyusedtobewillseemwideanddiscouraging.

order：1.(Hf2.()-*3.()-►4.()-*A-*5.()

1、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

5.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.Forquestions1—5,youarc

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshave

beencorrectlyplaced.[A|Andalready,therearesigns(hatitwill.Newsourcesofnews

areproliferatingonline.Many,itistrue,areunreliable.Mostarebadlyfunded.Someare

therantingsofderangedextremists.Butsome-likeMuckety,anAmericansitewhich

enrichesnewsstorieswithinteractivemapsoftheprotagonists*networksofinfluence,

andNightJack,therevealinganddepressingblogofananonymousBritishpoliceman,

whichwontheOrwellprizelastmonth—enhancesociety'sunderstandingofitself,and

couldnothaveexistedintheoldworld.|B]Thenewspaper'sdeclineisbothcauseand

effectoftheworryingfindingbythePewCentrethatthenumberofAmericansaged18

—24whogotanynewsatallthepreviousdayhasdroppedfrom34%to25%overthe

pasttenyears.Butthatfiguremaybelesstroublingthanitlooks.Becausenewspapers

packtogetherallsortsofdifferentcontent,manyofthosewhoclaimedinthepasttohave

seensomenewsprobablydidsoforafewsecondsbeforeturningthepagetothesports

scores.Acquaintanceasshallowasthatwiththenewsisprobablynogreatlosstosociety;

Pewsurveysofgeneralknowledgesuggestthatyoungpeopleareaboutaswell(or

badly)informedastheyusedtobe.[C]Mostindustriesaresufferingatpresent,butfew

aredoingasbadlyasthenewsbusiness.ThingsareworstinAmerica,wheremany

papersusedtoenjoycomfortablelocalmonopolies,butinBritainaround70localpapers

haveshutdownsincethebeginningof2008.Amongthesurvivors,advertisingis

decreasing,editorialisthinningandjournalistsarcbeinglaidoff.Thecrisisismost

advancedintheAnglo-Saxoncountries,butitishappeningallovertherichworld:the

impactoftheinternet,aggravatedbytheadvertisingfall,iskillingthedailynewspaper.

[D]Andthenewspapercompanies*troublesdonotnecessarilypredictthedeathofthe

newsbusiness,fortheysteminpartfromthemessyandexpensivetransitionfrompaper

toelectronicdistribution.Newsorganisationsarecurrentlybearingtwosetsofcosts一

thoseofprintinganddistributingtheirproductfortheoldworld,andprovidingdigital

versionsforthenew-eventhoughtheyhaveyettofindabusinessmodelthatworks

online.|E]Bettermobiledevicesmayencouragethemtodoso.Apple'siPhoneisthefirst

reader-friendlymobilephone,andthelatestupdatetoitssoftware,dueshortly,will

enablenewsprovidersthatcurrentlygiveawaycontentontheiPhonetostartchargingfor

it.Amazonhasjustunveiledanew,largerversionoftheKindle,itse-bookreader,better

suitedtodisplayingnewspapers.Similardevicesareavailablefromotherfirms,with

manymoreontheway.Bettertechnologycoupledwithnewpaymentsystemswillnot

solvetheacuteproblemsfacedbynewspaperstoday,butshouldeventuallyprovidenew

modelstoenablenewstoflourishinthedigitalage.|F]Anewspaperisapackageof

content-politics,sport,shareprices,weatherandsoforthwhichexiststoattracteyeballs

toadvertisements.Unfortunatelyfornewspapers,theinternetisbetteratdeliveringsome

ofthatthanpaperis.Itiseasiertosearchthroughjobandpropertylistingsontheweb,so

classifiedadvertisinganditsassociatedrevenueismigratingontotheinternet.Some

content,too,worksbetterontheinternet-newsandsharepricescanbemorefrequently

updated,weathercanbemoregeographicallyspecific—soreadersaremigratingtoo.The

packageisthusbeingpickedapart.|G|Uptonow,mosthavebeenofferingtheircontent

freeonline,butthatisunsustainable,becausethereisn'tenoughadvertisingrevenue

onlinetopayforit.Soeithertheamountofnewsproducedmustshrink,orreadersmust

paymore.Somepublications,suchastheFinancialTimesandtheWallStreetJournal,

whichhasmorethanImonlinesubscribersandhasjustpromisedtodevelopanew

systemofmicropaymentsforarticles,alreadychargeforcontent.Otherswillfollow:

RupertMurdoch,theJournal'sowner,hassaidheexpectshisothertitlestostartcharging

too.WithnewsavailablefreeonGoogleandYahoo!,readersmay,ofcourse,notbe

preparedtopayevenfbrdeeperormorespecialisedstuff)butsincetheydointhepaper

world,wherefree-sheetsandpaidforpublicationscoexist,thereseemsnoreasonwhy

theywouldn'tonline.

C->1.()-2.()-3.()->4.()■*5.()fA

6、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.Forquestions1—5,youarc

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A—Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshave

beencorrectlyplacedforyou.[A]Theresearchersarenotsuggestingfraud,justthatthe

wayscientificpublishingworksmakesitmorelikelythatincorrectfindingsendupin

print.Theysuggestthat,asthemarginalcostofpublishingalotmorematerialisminimal

ontheinternet,allresearchthatmeetsacertainqualitythresholdshouldbepublished

online.Preferencemightevenbegiventostudiesthatshownegativeresults.[B]Itseems

likelythatthedangerofawinner'scursedoesexistinscientificpublishing.Yetitmay

alsobethateditorsandrefereesareawareofthisrisk,andsucceedinreducingit.Evenif

theydonot,withaworldfilledwithnewsciencetheprestigiousjournalsprovidean

informedfilter.[C]Thegroup'smoregeneralargumentisthatscientificresearchisso

difficult-thesamplesizesmustbebigandtheanalysisrigorous——thatmostresearch

mayendupbeingwrong.Andthe"hotter"thefield,thegreaterthecompetitionisandthe

morelikelyitisthatpublishedresearchintopjournalscouldbewrong.[D]InPublic

LibraryofScience(PloS)Medicine,anonlinejournal,Johnloannidis,anepidemiologist

atloanninaSchoolofMedicine,Greece,andhiscolleagues,suggestthatmostpublished

scientificresearchiswrong.Now,alongwithNealYoungoftheNationalInstitutesof

HealthinMarylandand0-marAl-Ubaydli,aneconomistatGeorgeMasonUniversityin

Fairfax,Virginia,hesuggestswhy.[E]Therealsoseemstobeabiastowardspublishing

positiveresults.Forinstance,astudyearlierthisyearfoundthatamongthestudies

submittedtoAmerica'sFoodandDrugAdministrationabouttheeffectivenessof

antidepressants,almostallofthosewithpositiveresultswerepublished,whereasvery

fewofthosewithnegativeresultswere.Butnegativeresultsarepotentiallyjustas

informativeaspositiveresults,ifnotasexciting.|F]Drloannidisbasedhisearlier

argumentaboutincorrectresearchpartlyonastudyof49papersinleadingjournalsthat

hadbeencitedbymorethan1,000otherscientists.Theywere,inotherwords,well-

regardedresearch.Buthefoundthat,withinonlyafewyears,almostathirdofthepapers

hadbeenrefutedbyotherstudies.Fortheideaofthewinner'scursetohold,papers

publishedinless-well-knownjournalsshouldbemorereliable;butthathasnotyetbeen

established.[G]InEconomictheorythewinner'scursereferstotheideathatsomeone

whoplacesthewinningbidinanauctionmayhavepaidtoomuch.Consider,for

example,bidstodevelopanoilfield.Mostoftheoffersarelikelytoclusteraroundthe

truevalueoftheresource,sothehighestbidderprobablypaidtoomuch.Thesamething

maybehappeninginscientificpublishing,accordingtoanewanalysis.Withsomany

scientificpaperschasingsofewpagesinthemostprestigiousjournals,thewinnerscould

betheonesmostlikelytooversellthemselvestotrumpetdramaticorimportant

resultsthatlaterturnouttobefalse.

(»】・()-*2.()-3.()-4.()-5.()-B

11、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions1一5,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-Handfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.Thefirst,thefifthandthelast

paragraphshavebeencorrectlyplacedforyou.[A]First,thinkofwaystomakeyour

speechmysteriousorsuspenseful.RadiocommentatorPaulHarveyhasmasteredthe

techniqueoftellingafascinatingstoryabouttheaccomplishmentsofanimportant

individualbutnotrevealingtheidentityofthatpersonuntiltheveryend.Motoristsv/ho

listentothesetalesontheircarradiosarefrequentlyunwillingtoleavetheirvehicles

untilthemysterypersonisnamed.Suchatechniquecouldeasilybeappliedinyourfirst

publicspeakingassignment.[R]Anotherwaytomakeaspeechinterestingistouse

colorful,descriptivelanguagethatappealstoyouraudience'ssenses.Ifyouweregivinga

speechaboutyourmessyroommate,forinstance,gobeyondthegeneralstatementthat

"Myroommateneverwashesthedishes”.Describethemountainsofdirtyplatesinthe

sink;gointothedetailsofdried-outsauceattachedtothedishes.|C]Ifyouweretelling

theaudienceaboutyourbrushwithgreatness,forexample,considerwithholdingthe

identityofyourcelebrityuntiltheend.Asyourstoryunfolds,teaseyourclassmateswith

cluesaboutyourcelebrity'sgender,physicalcharacteristics,specialtalents,andthelike,

butkeepthenameasecretuntilthelastmoment.Theideaistoholdyourclassmateson

theedgesoftheirseatsastheylisten.|D]Orperhapslastsummeryourodeabicycle

acrossthefulllengthofyourstate.Thedetailsofsuchanadventurewouldmake

excellentmaterialforaspeechofself-introduction.Ifyouthinkaboutit,everypersonhas

facedrisk,donetheunusual,ortriumphedoverhardships.Trytofindwaystoinclude

suchfascinatingexperiencesiny