2026年四川省北师大版初中英语第5章阅读理解习题

2026年四川省北师大版初中英语第5章阅读理解习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.InthepassagefromChapter5,whatisthemainpurposeofthearticleabout"EnvironmentalProtection"?Theauthormainlywantsto______.A.describethebeautifulsceneryinthecountrysideB.explainhowtoreducepollutionincitiesC.tellastoryaboutayoungenvironmentalistD.advertiseanewtypeofeco-friendlyproduct解析：本题考查文章主旨大意。根据第5章阅读材料中关于"EnvironmentalProtection"的文章，作者通过列举城市污染现状、提出解决方案（如垃圾分类、绿色出行）等内容，最终目的是呼吁读者关注并参与环境保护行动。选项A与文章主题无关；选项C是干扰项，文章虽提及人物但非故事叙述；选项D是广告性质内容，与科普性质文章不符。正确答案为B，符合文章结构中提出问题-分析问题-解决问题的逻辑。2.Accordingtothereadingpassage"TheSecretofHappiness,"theauthorsuggeststhathappinesscomesfrom______.A.materialpossessionsandwealthB.hardworkandsuccessinexamsC.spendingtimewithfamilyandfriendsD.travelingtofamousplaceseveryyear解析：本题考查细节理解。文章第5章中关于"SecretofHappiness"的部分通过对比实验数据（如调查1000名受访者）和心理学研究结论，明确指出幸福感主要来源于人际关系而非物质条件。选项A和B是常见误区，文章直接反驳；选项D是表面化建议，未触及核心观点。正确答案C与文章"建立深度社交关系能提升幸福感"的论点一致。3.Inthepassage"TraditionalChineseMedicine,"theauthormentionsthatacupunctureisanancienthealingmethod.Whatdoesthissentencemainlytellusaboutacupuncture?A.Itisverypainfulforpatients.B.Ithasbeenusedforalongtime.C.Itrequiresmodernmedicalequipment.D.Itisonlyeffectiveforheadaches.解析：本题考查词义猜测。文章第5章关于"TraditionalChineseMedicine"的段落中，"ancienthealingmethod"与"hasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears"形成同义复现，强调针灸的历史悠久性。选项A和C与文章描述不符；选项D是片面理解，文章列举了针灸治疗多种疾病的案例。正确答案B准确概括了"ancient"的核心含义。4.Thereadingpassage"SpaceExploration"describestheMarsRovermission.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyemphasizeaboutthismission?A.ThecostofsendingastronautstoMars.B.Thechallengesofexploringanotherplanet.C.ThetypesofexperimentsconductedonEarth.D.ThefutureplansforbuildingaMarsbase.解析：本题考查篇章结构分析。文章第5章关于"SpaceExploration"的部分重点描述了火星探测器在极端环境（如沙尘暴、低温）中收集样本的困难，并列举了技术故障案例。选项A和C是次要信息；选项D属于延伸内容；选项B准确反映了文章围绕"技术挑战"展开论述的特点。5.Inthepassage"HealthyEatingHabits,"theauthorgivesadviceonhowtoimprovediet.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasahealthyhabit?A.Eatingfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesdaily.B.Drinkingenoughwatertostayhydrated.C.Avoidingfastfoodcompletely.D.Havingthreebalancedmealseveryday.解析：本题考查信息筛选。文章第5章关于"HealthyEatingHabits"的部分建议"适量减少"而非"完全避免"快餐（选项C），并列举了其他具体建议如"早餐吃全麦面包""晚餐清淡"等。选项A、B、D均为文章明确提及的健康饮食原则。正确答案C与文章建议的渐进式改变不符。6.Thereadingpassage"TheGreatWallofChina"mentionsthattheGreatWallwasbuilttoprotecttheempirefrominvaders.WhatdoesthissentencemainlytellusabouttheGreatWall?A.Itwasbuiltbyfarmers.B.Itservedamilitarypurpose.C.Itwasmadeofstoneandbrick.D.Itwascompletedinasingleyear.解析：本题考查细节定位。文章第5章关于"GreatWall"的段落中，"protecttheempirefrominvaders"直接点明其防御功能，与"militarydefensesystem"同义。选项A和C是描述性信息；选项D与历史事实不符；选项B准确概括了该句的核心意义。7.Inthepassage"LearningaForeignLanguage,"theauthorsuggeststhatthebestwaytoimprovespeakingskillsisto______.A.studygrammarruleseveryday.B.watchEnglishmovieswithoutsubtitles.C.practicespeakingwithnativespeakers.D.writeessaysaboutdailyroutines.解析：本题考查观点态度判断。文章第5章关于"LearningaForeignLanguage"的部分通过对比不同学习方法的效果，强调"语言交流"（如与外教对话）的重要性，并引用语言学家观点"口语能力依赖真实对话环境"。选项A和B是传统但低效的方法；选项D属于写作训练；选项C与文章建议的"沉浸式交流"完全一致。8.Thereadingpassage"TheHistoryofComputers"mentionsthatthefirstcomputerswereasbigasrooms.Whatdoesthissentencemainlytellusaboutearlycomputers?A.Theywereveryexpensivetobuild.B.Theywereverylargeinsize.C.Theycouldonlyperformsimpletasks.D.Theyweremadeofwoodandmetal.解析：本题考查细节理解。文章第5章关于"HistoryofComputers"的段落中，"asbigasrooms"是描述早期计算机物理特征的夸张说法，与"vastphysicalfootprint"形成呼应。选项A和C是推测性信息；选项D与材料无关；选项B准确转述了该句的客观信息。9.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofExercise,"theauthormentionsthatregularexercisecanimprovementalhealth.Whatdoesthissentencemainlytellusaboutexercise?A.Itisgoodforphysicalappearance.B.Itreducesstressandanxiety.C.Ithelpspeopleloseweightquickly.D.Itrequiresexpensivegymequipment.解析：本题考查因果关系理解。文章第5章关于"Exercise"的部分通过医学研究数据（如"30%reductionindepressionsymptoms"）证明运动与心理健康的关系，明确指出"endorphinsrelease"能调节情绪。选项A和C是片面效果；选项D与文章强调的"简单运动（如跑步）"不符；选项B准确概括了文章的核心论点。10.Thereadingpassage"TheCultureofJapan"describesthetraditionalteaceremony.WhatdoesthissentencemainlytellusaboutJapaneseculture?A.Itisverymodernandtechnological.B.Itvaluestraditionandetiquette.C.ItissimilartoChineseculture.D.ItisonlypracticedinTokyo.解析：本题考查文化理解。文章第5章关于"JapaneseCulture"的段落中，茶道被描述为"体现和敬清寂"的礼仪活动，与"ceremonialpractices"形成呼应，强调其文化内涵。选项A和C是表面化描述；选项D与地理范围不符；选项B准确反映了文章对茶道"文化象征意义"的论述。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage"EnvironmentalProtection,"theauthorsuggeststhatpeopleshould______toreduceplasticwaste.参考答案：carryreusablebagswhenshopping解析：文章第5章中明确列举了减少塑料污染的五种方法，其中"bringclothbagsinsteadofbuyingplasticones"是具体建议之一。该空需填入动词短语形式。2.Accordingtothereading"TheSecretofHappiness,"akeyfactorinhappinessis______.参考答案：strongfamilyrelationships解析：文章第5章通过对比数据指出，幸福感与"familysupportsystems"呈正相关，该空需填入名词短语。3.Inthepassage"TraditionalChineseMedicine,"theword"acupuncture"means______inEnglish.参考答案：ahealingmethodusingthinneedles解析：文章第5章解释针灸原理时提到"thinmetalneedlesinsertedintospecificpoints"，该空需概括核心特征。4.Thereading"SpaceExploration"mentionsthattheMarsRoverwasdesignedto______onMars.参考答案：collectsoilsamplesandsenddatabacktoEarth解析：文章第5章详细描述了火星探测器的功能，包括"analyzingsoilcomposition"和"transmittingimages"，该空需填入并列动词短语。5.Inthepassage"HealthyEatingHabits,"theauthoradvisespeopleto______forbreakfast.参考答案：eatwhole-grainfoods解析：文章第5章列举健康早餐建议时提到"oatmealorwhole-wheattoast"，该空需填入名词短语。6.Thereading"TheGreatWallofChina"mentionsthattheGreatWallwasbuiltduringthe______dynasty.参考答案：Qindynasty解析：文章第5章历史背景部分明确指出"builtbyQinShiHuanginthe3rdcenturyBCE"，该空需填入专有名词。7.Inthepassage"LearningaForeignLanguage,"theauthorsuggeststhatlanguagelearnersshould______toimprovefluency.参考答案：joinlanguageexchangeclubs解析：文章第5章建议"practicewithnativespeakersinreal-lifesettings"，该空需填入动宾结构。8.Thereading"TheHistoryofComputers"mentionsthatthefirstcomputerswereusedto______.参考答案：solvecomplexmathematicalproblems解析：文章第5章技术背景部分指出"ENIACwasdesignedformilitarycalculations"，该空需填入动词不定式短语。9.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofExercise,"theauthormentionsthatexercisecan______stresslevels.参考答案：lower解析：文章第5章通过实验数据说明"regularexercisereducescortisollevels"，该空需填入动词原形。10.Thereading"TheCultureofJapan"mentionsthattheteaceremonyisanimportantpartof______culture.参考答案：Japanese解析：文章第5章文化介绍部分直接点明"Japaneseteaceremony"的代表性，该空需填入形容词形式。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage"EnvironmentalProtection,"recyclingalltypesofplasticisthebestwaytoreducepollution.(×)解析：文章第5章指出，由于塑料种类繁多（如PET、HDPE），并非所有塑料都可回收，且需关注回收技术限制。该判断混淆了"可行方法"与"最佳方法"。2.Thereading"TheSecretofHappiness"suggeststhatmoneycanmakepeopletrulyhappy.(√)解析：文章第5章通过心理学实验数据（如"peoplewithincomeabove$75,000reporthigherhappiness"）间接支持该观点，但强调金钱影响有限。该判断符合文章论证逻辑。3.Inthepassage"TraditionalChineseMedicine,"acupunctureisonlyusedfortreatingheadaches.(×)解析：文章第5章列举了针灸治疗范围（如胃病、失眠），该判断以偏概全。4.Thereading"SpaceExploration"mentionsthattheMarsRovermissionwascompletelysuccessfulwithoutanyproblems.(×)解析：文章第5章详细描述了火星探测器遇到的故障（如太阳能板受损），该判断与事实不符。5.Inthepassage"HealthyEatingHabits,"theauthorrecommendseatingfastfoodthreetimesaweek.(×)解析：文章第5章明确警告"limitfastfoodconsumption"，该判断与建议相悖。6.Thereading"TheGreatWallofChina"statesthattheGreatWallwasbuiltinasingleyear.(×)解析：文章第5章历史背景部分指出，长城是历代皇帝分段修建（如秦始皇、明朝），该判断与事实不符。7.Thepassage"LearningaForeignLanguage"suggeststhatwatchingmoviesisthemosteffectivewaytolearn.(×)解析：文章第5章强调"activepractice"（如对话）优于被动观看，该判断与建议相悖。8.Thereading"TheHistoryofComputers"mentionsthatthefirstcomputersweresmallandportable.(×)解析：文章第5章描述早期计算机体积庞大（如"weighed27tons"），该判断与事实相反。9.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofExercise,"theauthorsuggeststhatexerciseisunnecessaryforpeopleover60.(×)解析：文章第5章引用医学研究（如"gentleexerciseslikewalking"）证明老年人仍需运动，该判断与建议相悖。10.Thereading"TheCultureofJapan"mentionsthattheteaceremonyisonlypopularinTokyo.(×)解析：文章第5章指出茶道在日本全国（如京都、奈良）均有实践，该判断以偏概全。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Accordingtothepassage"EnvironmentalProtection,"whatarethreewayspeoplecanhelpprotecttheenvironment?参考答案：-Reducewastebyusingreusablebagsandcontainers.-Saveenergybyturningofflightswhennotinuse.-Planttreestoabsorbcarbondioxide.解析：文章第5章列举了多种环保措施，需列举三种并简要说明。2.Inthepassage"TheSecretofHappiness,"whatdoestheauthorsayabouttherelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness?参考答案：Theauthorstatesthatmoneycantemporarilyimprovehappinessuptoacertainincomelevel(e.g.,$75,000),butbeyondthatpoint,additionalwealthhaslittleeffect.Happinessalsodependsmoreonrelationshipsandhealth.解析：文章第5章通过数据说明金钱影响的阶段性特征，需概括核心观点。3.Thereading"TraditionalChineseMedicine"mentionsthatacupunctureisanancienthealingmethod.Whatdoesthistellusaboutacupuncture?参考答案：Ithasbeenusedforthousandsofyears,reflectingthelonghistoryofChinesemedicine.Itisbasedontraditionaltheories(likemeridians)ratherthanmodernscience.解析：需结合文章对"ancient"的描述，从历史和理论角度回答。4.Inthepassage"SpaceExploration,"whatchallengesdoscientistsfacewhenexploringMars?参考答案：-Communicationdelayduetodistance(upto22minutesoneway).-Extremetemperaturefluctuations(-125°Cto20°C).-Duststormsthatcancovertheentireplanet.解析：文章第5章列举了火星探测的技术难题，需列举三项。5.Thereading"HealthyEatingHabits"suggeststhatbreakfastisimportant.Why?参考答案：Breakfastkickstartsmetabolismafterfastingovernight.Itprovidesenergyforthedayandhelpsmaintainconcentrationinschoolorwork.解析：需结合文章对早餐功能的解释，说明其生理和心理作用。6.Inthepassage"TheGreatWallofChina,"whywastheGreatWallbuilt?参考答案：Toprotecttheempirefromnortherninvasions(liketheMongols).Italsoservedasabordercontrolsystemandacommunicationnetwork.解析：需结合文章对长城历史用途的描述，说明军事和管理功能。7.Thepassage"LearningaForeignLanguage"mentionsthatlanguagelearnersshouldpracticespeaking.Howcantheydothis?参考答案：Joinlanguageclubs,findlanguageexchangepartners,oruseonlineplatformstopracticewithnativespeakers.解析：需列举文章建议的具体口语练习方法。8.Inthepassage"TheCultureofJapan,"whatdoestheteaceremonyrepresent?参考答案：Itrepresentsharmony(wa),respect(kei),purity(sei),andtranquility(jaku).ItisaritualthatreflectsJapanesevaluesofmindfulnessandsimplicity.解析：需结合文章对茶道文化内涵的描述，说明其象征意义。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:AstudentnamedLiHuareadsthepassage"HealthyEatingHabits"andwantstoimprovehisdiet.WritethreespecificsuggestionsforLiHuabasedonthearticle.参考答案：-Replacesugarydrinkswithwaterorherbaltea.-Addatleastonevegetabletoeverymeal.-Choosewhole-grainbreadinsteadofwhitebreadforbreakfast.解析：需结合文章建议，针对学生场景提出可操作的具体建议。2.Scenario:Afterreading"TheSecretofHappiness,"aclassdiscusseshowtomakeschoollifehappier.Writetwoideasfromthearticlethatcouldhelp.参考答案：-Encouragestudentstohelpeachother(buildrelationships).-Organizeoutdooractivitiestoreducestress(physicalexercise).解析：需结合文章观点，提出改善校园氛围的可行性方案。3.ProblemSolving:Areaderof"TraditionalChineseMedicine"isconfusedaboutwhetheracupunctureispainful.Writeaparagraphexplainingthisbasedonthearticle.参考答案：Acupunctureisnotextremelypainful.Theneedlesareverythin,andtheinsertioncausesonlyamildtinglingsensation.Propertechniqueensurescomfort,thoughsomemayfeelslightdiscomfort.解析：需结合文章对针灸体验的描述，解释其安全性。4.Real-WorldApplication:Afterreading"SpaceExploration,"ascienceclubplansaMarssimulationproject.Writetwotasksfortheprojectbasedonthearticle.参考答案：-DesignasmallrovertonavigateasimulatedMartianlandscape.-Testcommunicationsystemswitha20-minutedelaytomimicrealMarsmissions.解析：需结合文章对火星探测的描述，设计可实践的科学活动。5.PersonalReflection:Afterreading"TheGreatWallofChina,"writeaparagraphaboutwhythishistoricalsiteisimportanttoday.参考答案：TheGreatWallisimportanttodaybecauseitsymbolizesChineseresilienceandengineeringachievement.Itattractstourists,promotesculturalexchange,andservesasareminderofhistoricalconflictsandcooperation.解析：需结合文章对长城文化价值的描述，说明其当代意义。6.CriticalThinking:Afterreading"LearningaForeignLanguage,"astudentarguesthatmemorizinggrammarrulesisthebestwaytolearn.Writeaparagraphrefutingthisbasedonthearticle.参考答案Memorizinggrammaraloneisnoteffective.Thearticleemphasizesspeakingpracticeandrealcommunication.Withoutusingthelanguage,rulesremaintheoretical.解析：需结合文章对语言学习方法的批判性观点，反驳片面观点。7.CreativeWriting:Afterreading"TheCultureofJapan,"writeashortparagraphdescribingateaceremonyscenebasedonthearticle.参考答案Theteamastercarefullypreparedmatchainabamboowhisk,whileguestssatinquietcontemplation.Theroomwasfilledwiththearomaofgreentea,reflectingtheceremony'sfocusonharmonyandsimplicity.解析：需结合文章对茶道场景的描述，创作符合文化氛围的短文。8.EthicalDiscussion:Afterreading"EnvironmentalProtection,"writeaparagraphabouthowteenagerscanhelpreduceplasticwaste.参考答案Teenagerscancarryreusablebags,avoidsingle-useplastics(likestraws),andparticipateinrecyclingprograms.Theycanalsospreadawarenessinschooltoreduceoverallconsumption.解析：需结合文章建议，提出青少年可参与的环保行动。【标准答案及解析