2025-2026年重庆市湘教版高一英语必修一第十二章同步练习题

2025-2026年重庆市湘教版高一英语必修一第十二章同步练习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit12,whatisthemainpurposeofthearticleaboutenvironmentalprotection?A.Topersuadereaderstobuyelectriccarsimmediately.B.Toexplainthecausesandeffectsofairpollution.C.TointroduceanewrecyclingprograminChina.D.Tocriticizegovernmentsfornotactingfastenough.解析：本题考查文章主旨理解。根据第12单元环保主题文章，作者通过数据对比和案例说明，重点分析空气污染的成因（工业排放、汽车尾气等）及其危害（健康问题、气候变暖），并呼吁解决方案。选项A“立即购买电动车”过于绝对且偏离文章范围；选项C“介绍中国新回收计划”可能涉及部分内容但非核心；选项D“批评政府行动迟缓”仅是部分观点而非全文主旨。正确答案B准确概括了文章结构（原因-结果）和核心内容（污染分析）。2.Thesentence"Theincreasingnumberofplasticwastehasbecomeaglobalchallenge"demonstrateswhichgrammaticalstructure?A.GerundphraseassubjectB.InfinitivephraseasobjectC.ParticiplephraseascomplementD.Absolutephraseasmodifier解析：本题考查语法结构辨析。句子主干为"plasticwastehasbecomeachallenge"，"Theincreasingnumberof"是修饰"waste"的介词短语，其中"increasing"是现在分词作定语，"number"是名词，"ofplasticwaste"是介词短语作定语修饰"number"。若改为"Theincreasingnumberofplasticwastetobeachallenge"则构成不定式作表语，但原句无"tobe"。选项A正确，"increasingnumber"（动名词短语）作整个句子的主语。3.Whatisthebestwaytosummarizethefollowingparagraph:"Manystudentsfinditdifficulttobalancestudyandhobbies.However,regularexercisecanimproveconcentrationandreducestress.Sportsactivitiesalsohelpbuildteamworkskills,whichareusefulinfuturecareers."A.Exerciseisharmfultohealth.B.Hobbiesshouldbeabandonedforstudy.C.Physicalactivitiesbenefitacademicandsocialdevelopment.D.Schoolsshouldcancelallsportsclubs.解析：本题考查段落概括能力。段落分三点论述：①学业与爱好平衡难；②运动提升专注力减压；③运动培养团队能力助职业发展。选项C最全面，涵盖学术（专注力）和社会（团队技能）双重收益。选项A与文意相反；选项B否定爱好价值；选项D无依据。4.Theidiom"hitthenailonthehead"isclosestinmeaningto:A.TomakeamistakeB.TocriticizesomeoneharshlyC.TodescribesomethingexactlyD.Toavoidaproblem解析：本题考查习语理解。该习语源自钉钉子正中头部，比喻说话或做事精准到位。例如："Youranalysisofthemarkettrendhitthenailonthehead."（你对市场趋势的分析一针见血）。选项C“准确描述”与该含义最接近。选项A“犯错”、B“严厉批评”、D“避开问题”均与习语本义无关。5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesusesthepassivevoice?A.Theteacherwillexplainthegrammarruletomorrow.B.Manypeoplehavebeenaffectedbythenewpolicy.C.Sheisreadingabooknow.D.WemustfinishthisprojectbyFriday.解析：本题考查语态判断。被动语态特征是"be动词+过去分词"。选项B"havebeenaffected"（have是be动词，affected是过去分词）构成现在完成被动语态，表示"受到影响的人"是动作的承受者。其他选项均为主动语态。6.Accordingtothereadingpassage,whydidtheancientcityofPompeiidisappear?A.Itwasattackedbyenemies.B.Itscitizensmovedtoanotherplace.C.Avolcaniceruptionburieditunderash.D.Thegovernmentdecidedtodestroyit.解析：本题考查细节定位。第12单元历史类文章（假设）描述庞贝古城因79年维苏威火山喷发被火山灰掩埋。选项C与历史事实一致。选项A、D无记载；选项B与考古发现不符。7.Thesentence"Althoughitwasraining,theydecidedtogohiking."shows:A.AfutureeventB.ApastactionC.AcontrastbetweentwoideasD.Asuggestionforothers解析：本题考查从句功能。句式"Although+从句，主句"表示转折关系，对比"下雨"（条件）与"远足"（决定）的矛盾。选项C正确。选项A、B未明确时间；选项D无建议含义。8.Whatisthecorrectwaytowritethedate"October15,2025"inBritishEnglish?A.15thOctober2025B.October15th2025C.2025October15thD.15October2025解析：本题考查文化差异。英式英语日期格式为"日+月份缩写+年份"（如15thOctober2025），或"日+月份+年份"（如15October2025，无序号词）。美式英语为"月份+日+年份"。选项A符合英式规范。9.Theword"ubiquitous"mostlikelymeans:A.RareB.CommoneverywhereC.ExpensiveD.Dangerous解析：本题考查词汇辨析。根据上下文（假设文章描述科技产品普及），"ubiquitous"指"无处不在的"。例如："Smartphoneshavebecomeubiquitousinmodernsociety."（智能手机已遍及社会）。选项B"随处可见"最贴切。10.Whichpunctuationmarkshouldbeusedinthesentence:"Ilovepizza,butIdon'tlikesushi."A.CommaB.SemicolonC.ColonD.Period解析：本题考查标点符号。句子包含两个独立但逻辑相关的分句："Ilovepizza"（主句）和"Idon'tlikesushi"（从句）。两者用"but"连接时，需用逗号分隔。若改为分号则表示更紧密的并列关系。正确答案A。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Theenvironmentalistarguedthat___________moretreesshouldbeplantedtoabsorbcarbondioxide.2.Inthestory,thecharacter's___________madehimforgethisoriginalplan.3.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto___________theirideasinclass.4.Thenewsreportstatedthat___________70%ofthecity'swatersupplywascontaminated.5.Toimproveyourspeakingskills,youneedto___________Englishasmuchaspossible.6.Theancientartifactwasdiscoveredin___________ruinsoftheRomancity.7.Theessayrequiresyouto___________thecausesandeffectsofclimatechange.8.Theidiom"breaktheice"meansto___________aformalorawkwardsituation.9.Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhenthe___________oftheactionisunknown.10.TheBritishspellingof"realize"is___________.参考答案：11.itisnecessaryto12.curiosity13.express14.approximately15.practice16.theremainsof17.analyze18.makepeoplefeelcomfortable19.performer20.realise三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thearticlesuggeststhatusingpublictransportationcansignificantlyreducetrafficcongestion.(正确)解析：根据环保文章（假设）数据，公共交通每乘客每公里排放量比私家车低60%，且能减少道路车辆数。2.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.(正确)解析：结构为"be动词(is)+现在分词(reading)"，表示正在进行的动作。3.Theword"sensible"meansthesameas"stupid."(错误)解析："sensible"意为"明智的"，与"stupid"（愚蠢）反义。4.InAmericanEnglish,thedate"May20,2026"iswrittenas"20May2026."(错误)解析：美式英语日期格式为"monthdayyear"（May20,2026）。5.Theidiom"letthecatoutofthebag"meanstokeepasecret.(错误)解析：意为"泄露秘密"，与题干相反。6.Thepassivevoicemustalwaysbeusedinformalacademicwriting.(错误)解析：学术写作可灵活使用主动语态（如强调施动者），被动语态非必须。7.Theword"pessimistic"describessomeonewhoalwaysexpectsgoodthingstohappen.(错误)解析："pessimistic"意为"悲观的"，与题干描述相反。8.Thesentence"ThefloorwascleanedbyJohn"isanexampleoftheactivevoice.(错误)解析：被动语态特征是"be动词+过去分词"，此处"wascleaned"为被动。9.Thereadingpassagementionsthatrecyclingplasticbottlescansaveenergy.(正确)解析：环保文章（假设）指出回收塑料瓶比生产新瓶能耗低70%。10.TheBritishspellingof"color"is"colour."(正确)解析：英式英语将美式英语的"-or"改为"-our"（如color→colour）。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"affect"and"effect."参考答案：-"Affect"isaverbmeaningtoinfluence:"Theweatheraffectedourplans."-"Effect"isanounmeaningaresult:"Thenewlawhadapositiveeffect."解析：本题考查词汇辨析。需说明词性（动词/名词）和基本含义，并举例。若仅解释词义或未举例扣分。2.Describethestructureofawell-writtenparagraph.参考答案：-Topicsentence(主旨句):Statesthemainidea.-Supportingsentences(支撑句):Provideevidence/details.-Concludingsentence(总结句):Restatestheideaoraddsafinalthought.解析：需覆盖段落三要素及其作用，缺一不可。若仅列举未说明功能扣分。3.Whyisthepassivevoicesometimespreferredinscientificwriting?参考答案：-Focusontheexperiment/result,nottheresearcher.-Whentheperformerisunknown/unimportant.-Tosoundmoreformalandobjective.解析：需列举至少两点原因，并说明与科研写作需求（客观性）的关联。4.Howcanlearnersimprovetheirvocabularynaturally?参考答案：-Readwidely(books,news).-Usenewwordsinconversation.-Keepavocabularynotebook.-Watchmovies/TVinEnglish.解析：需提供至少三点具体方法，并强调"自然"（如通过语境学习而非死记硬背）。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thecommitteewillannouncetheresultsnextweek."参考答案：Theresultswillbeannouncedbythecommitteenextweek.解析：将主动语态"主语+谓语"改为被动语态"be动词+过去分词+施动者(by...)"。若遗漏"by"或错误使用其他时态扣分。2.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI___________(have)moretime,Iwouldreadmorebooks."参考答案：had解析：条件状语从句中，主句用虚拟语气（would+动词原形），从句用一般过去时（have→had）。若填一般现在时或动词原形扣分。3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"尽管天气很冷，他们仍然坚持锻炼。"参考答案：Althoughitwascold,theystillinsistedonexercising.解析：需准确翻译转折关系（Although）和动词（insistedonexercising）。若用"eventhough"或"didn'tstopexercising"等近似表达可酌情给分。4.Identifytheerrorinthesentence:"Shedon'tlikechocolate."参考答案：Subject-verbagreementerror."She"requires"does."Correct:"Shedoesn'tlikechocolate."解析：需指出错误类型（主谓一致）并说明规则（第三人称单数加"s"）。若仅指出错误未说明原因扣分。5.Writeatopicsentenceforaparagraphaboutthebenefitsofexercise.参考答案：Regularexerciseimprovesphysicalhealth,mentalwell-being,andsocialskills.解析：需概括段落核心观点（锻炼的三大益处），并具有引导性。若过于具体或宽泛扣分。6.Correctthepunctuationerrorinthefollowingsentence:"Hewenttothestoreheboughtmilkandeggs."参考答案：Hewenttothestore,whereheboughtmilkandeggs.解析：需添加连词或介词使句子结构完整（如用where引导定语从句）。若仅添加逗号无其他修改扣分。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.A3.C4.C5.B6.C7.C8.A9.B10.A二、填空题1.itisnecessaryto2.curiosity3.express4.approximately5.practice2.theremainsof7.analyze8.makepeoplefeelcomfortable9.performer10.realise三、判断题1.√2.√3.×4.×5.×6.×7.×8.×9.√10.√四、简答题1."Affect"isaverb(e.g.,"Therainaffectscrops"),while"