2026年四川考研(英语)真题及参考答案

-2026年四川考研(英语)真题及参考答案PartIMultipleChoice(50points)（1）____isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.（）AWhichBWhatCAsDThat答案：C解析：考查非限制性定语从句。Asisknowntoall是固定用法，意为“众所周知”，As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语。Which也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但通常放在主句之后，不能置于句首（除非是Whichisknowntoall,...这种结构较少见且语境不同，As更常用于此固定搭配）。选C。（2）Nosoonerhadheenteredtheroom______thetelephonerang.（）AthanBwhenCthenDand答案：A解析：本题考查固定搭配和倒装句。"Nosooner...than..."是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。当Nosooner位于句首时，主句需使用部分倒装结构（hadheentered），than引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时。注意区分"Hardly/Scarcely...when..."结构。故选A。（3）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.（）AwaspostponedBbepostponedCwouldbepostponedDpostponed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在suggest,propose,recommend,demand,order等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需使用虚拟语气，即'(should)+动词原形'，should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系，故用'bepostponed'。句意：经理建议会议推迟到下周五。故选B。（4）______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.（）ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案：B解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是'thesouthfootofthemountain'（山的南麓）。动词see（看）与主语之间是被动关系，因为山是被看的对象，而不是发出看的动作的主体。因此应使用过去分词Seen表示被动和完成。如果是Seeing，则隐含主语是人，会造成悬垂分词错误。故选B。（5）Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.（）AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案：C解析：考查时态。'Bythetime'引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句使用一般现在时（arrive）表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。句意：当你到达车站时，火车已经开走了。故选C。（6）Itwasnotuntilmidnight______hefinishedhishomework.（）AwhenBthatCwhichDwhile答案：B解析：本题考查强调句型。强调句的基本结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。本句强调的是时间状语notuntilmidnight。在强调句中，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who或that；如果是物、时间、地点或原因等，通常用that。此处强调时间，故填that。还原原句为：Hedidnotfinishhishomeworkuntilmidnight.（7）______heworkshard,Idon'tmindwhenhefinishestheproject.（）AAslongasBAssoonasCEvenifDUnless答案：A解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意为：“只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候完成这个项目。”Aslongas意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。Assoonas意为“一……就……”；Evenif意为“即使”；Unless意为“除非”。（8）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFridayduetotheheavyrain.（）AbeputoffBwasputoffCputoffDwouldbeputoff答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。动词suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句需使用虚拟语气，结构为"(should)+动词原形"。此外，会议（meeting）是被推迟，因此需要使用被动语态"beputoff"。综合起来应为"(should)beputoff"，省略should后为beputoff。故选A。（9）Ifounditdifficult____themathprobleminsuchashorttime.（）AsolveBsolvingCtosolveDsolved答案：C解析：考查固定句型。findit+adj.+todosth.是常用句型，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。因此应填tosolve。（10）Iwouldratheryou______herewithmetomorrow.（）AstayBstayedCwillstayDhavestayed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，若表示对现在或将来情况的愿望，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示对过去情况的愿望，则用过去完成时。句中时间状语为tomorrow，表示将来，故从句应用一般过去时stayed。因此选B。（11）Nosoonerhadheenteredtheroom______thetelephonerang.（）AwhenBthanCthenDand答案：B解析：考查固定搭配和倒装句。"Nosooner...than..."是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。当Nosooner位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装结构（hadheentered）。than后面接一般过去时。句意：他刚进房间，电话就响了。故选B。注意区分"Hardly/Scarcely...when..."结构。（12）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.（）AwasputoffBbeputoffCwouldbeputoffDputoff答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：经理建议会议推迟到下周五。在suggest,order,demand,require,request,command等表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需使用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"，其中should可以省略。meeting与putoff之间是被动关系，故使用"(should)beputoff"。因此选B。（13）Bythetimewearrivedatthestation,thetrain____alreadyleft.（）AhasBhadCwasDwould答案：B解析：本题考查过去完成时。句型Bythetime+一般过去时句子，主句通常使用过去完成时（had+过去分词），表示“到过去某个时间点为止已经完成的动作”。arrived是过去式，所以火车离开发生在到达之前，应用hadleft。故选B。（14）Thenewpolicyaimsto______thegapbetweentherichandthepoor.（）AnarrowBwidenCdeepenDbroaden答案：A解析：本题考查动词辨析。narrow意为“使变窄，缩小”；widen意为“加宽，扩大”；deepen意为“加深”；broaden意为“拓宽”。句意为：新政策旨在缩小贫富差距。根据语境，“缩小差距”符合逻辑，故用narrow。故选A。（15）Thecompanydecidedto_____thenewproductlineduetomarketresearchresults.（）AlaunchBcrashCdashDflash答案：A解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。launch意为"推出，发起"，符合句意"公司决定根据市场调研结果推出新产品线"。crash意为"碰撞，崩溃"；dash意为"猛冲"；flash意为"闪光"，均不符合语境。（16）Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______50,andanumberofthem______fromthecountryside.（）Ais;areBare;isCis;isDare;are答案：A解析：本题考查主谓一致。"Thenumberof+复数名词"作主语时，中心词是number，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数；"Anumberof+复数名词"作主语时，意为“许多……”，相当于many，修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。因此第一空填is，第二空填are。故选A。（17）Notuntilhefinishedhishomework______towatchTV.（）AhewasallowedBwasheallowedCheallowedDdidheallow答案：B解析：本题考查倒装句。当"Notuntil"位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。从句"hefinishedhishomework"不倒装。主句主语是he，与allow之间是被动关系（他被允许看电视），且动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态wasallowed。倒装后为washeallowed。故选B。（18）Thenewpolicywillcomeinto______nextmonth.（）AeffectBaffectCeffortDafford答案：A解析：本题考查固定搭配和词义辨析。comeintoeffect意为“生效、实施”，是固定短语。affect是动词，意为“影响”；effort意为“努力”；afford意为“买得起、承担得起”。根据句意“新政策将于下个月生效”，应选effect。（19）Themanagerdemandedthatalltheemployees______atthemeetingontime.（）AbeBareCwereDwillbe答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求所有员工准时参加会议。在表示建议、命令、要求、主张等动词（如demand,suggest,order,require,insist等）后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需使用虚拟语气，结构为"(should)+动词原形"，其中should可以省略。此处demand后接从句，故用(should)be，省略should后保留be。因此选A。（20）Notonly______interestedinfootball,butalsoheplaysitverywell.（）AheisBisheChewasDwashe答案：B解析：本题考查倒装句。当notonly...butalso...连接两个分句，且notonly位于句首时，notonly所在的分句需要部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语之前。butalso所在的分句不倒装。根据后半句plays(一般现在时)可知前半句也应用一般现在时，主语是he，故系动词用is，倒装后为ishe。故选B。（21）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.（）AwillbepostponedBbepostponedCispostponedDhasbeenpostponed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。meeting与postpone之间是被动关系，故用bepostponed。（22）Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______.（）AhasleftBhadleftCleftDwasleaving答案：B解析：本题考查时态。句意为“当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了”。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句使用一般过去时（arrived），主句通常使用过去完成时，表示动作在从句动作发生之前已经完成。因此选B。（23）Thenewpolicywillcomeinto____nextmonth.（）AeffectBaffectCeffortDafford答案：A解析：本题考查固定搭配和词义辨析。comeintoeffect是固定短语，意为“生效”。affect是动词“影响”；effort意为“努力”；afford意为“买得起”。句意：新政策将于下个月生效。故选A。（24）Theweatherforecastsaysit____raintomorrow,sotakeanumbrella.（）AmustBmightCshouldDneed答案：B解析：本题考查情态动词表推测。might表示“可能”，语气较弱，符合天气预报的不确定性语境。must表示“一定”，语气太强；should表示“应该”；need表示“需要”。句意为“天气预报说明天可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧”。（25）Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______.（）AleftBhasleftChadleftDwasleaving答案：C解析：本题考查时态。句意：当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。“Bythetime+过去时间状语/从句”通常与过去完成时连用，表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。火车离开发生在到达车站之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时hadleft。PartIIGap-filling(14points)（1）Thenumberofstudentsinourschool______(be)increasingyearbyyear.答案：is解析：考查主谓一致。"Thenumberof+复数名词"作主语时，中心词是number，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词应用单数形式。且根据语境“逐年增加”，描述的是当前的状态或趋势，故用一般现在时或现在进行时。此处be动词应为is。（2）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______(put)offuntilnextFriday.答案：(should)beput解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”结构。meeting与putoff之间是被动关系，故填(should)beput。（3）IfI______(be)you,Iwouldaccepttheofferimmediately.答案：were解析：考查虚拟语气。在if引导的非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常统一使用were。句意：如果我是你，我会立刻接受这个提议。（4）Iwouldratheryou______(nottell)himthetruthyesterday.答案：hadnottold解析：考查虚拟语气。在'wouldrather+宾语从句'结构中，从句需用虚拟语气。若表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）。根据时间状语yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟，故填hadnottold。（5）Theteachersuggestedthatthestudents____(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeFriday.答案：finish解析：本题考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形，其中should可以省略。因此填finish。（6）Themanagerinsistedonour______(finish)theprojectbeforeFriday.答案：finishing解析：考查介词后接动名词。insiston是固定短语，意为“坚持”，on是介词，后面接动词时需用-ing形式。our是逻辑主语，修饰后面的动名词finishing。故填finishing。（7）Theprofessor,alongwithhisassistants,______(be)workinginthelabnow.答案：is解析：本题考查主谓一致。当主语后面跟有'alongwith','togetherwith','aswellas','accompaniedby'等短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由前面的主语决定，不受这些短语中名词的影响。本句主语是'Theprofessor'（单数），故谓语动词用单数形式。根据时间状语'now'可知应用现在进行时，be动词用'is'。（8）Itisessentialthateverystudent______(arrive)ontimefortheexam.答案：(should)arrive解析：考查虚拟语气。在Itisessential/necessary/important...that...句型中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should)arrive或arrive。（9）Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______(be)50,butanumberofthem______(be)fromthecountryside.答案：is,are解析：考查主谓一致。'Thenumberof...'意为“……的数量”，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数；'anumberof...'意为“许多……”，修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。故第一空填is，第二空填are。（10）IfI____time,Iwouldgowithyou.答案：had解析：本题考查虚拟语气。主句用了wouldgo，表示与现在事实相反的假设。条件状语从句谓语动词应用过去式。have的过去式是had。句意：如果我有时间（实际上没有），我就和你一起去。（11）Tooursurprise,thelittlegirlshowedgreat______(brave)inthefaceofdanger.答案：bravery解析：考查词性转换。空处位于形容词great之后，作showed的宾语，需要填入名词形式。brave是形容词，其名词形式为bravery，意为“勇敢”。（12）BythetimeyougetbackfromLondon,I______(finish)theproject.答案：willhavefinished解析：考查时态。'Bythetime'引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来，主句通常使用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。结构为willhavedone。故填willhavefinished。（13）Themanagerinsistedthattheproblem______(discuss)atthenextmeeting.答案：(should)bediscussed解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。insist意为“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句谓语需用“(should)+动词原形”。此处problem与discuss之间是被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态'(should)be+过去分BC分词'。故填(should)bediscussed。（14）Duetotheheavyfog,theflightwasd______formorethanthreehours,causinggreatinconveniencetothepassengers.答案：delayed解析：考查动词被动语态。句意：由于大雾，航班延误了三个多小时，给乘客带来了极大的不便。flight与delay之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态wasdelayed。delay意为“延误，推迟”。PartIIICloze(30points)（1）Timemanagementisanessentialskillforstudentsandprofessionalsalike.Poortimemanagementcanleadtostressandmisseddeadlines.Tomanageyourtimeeffectively,startbysettingcleargoals.Breaklargetasksintosmaller,manageablesteps.Thismakestheworkseemlessoverwhelmingandhelpsyoutrackyourprogress.Prioritizationisalsokey.Identifywhichtasksareurgentandimportant,andfocusonthemfirst.Avoiddistractionssuchassocialmediaduringworkhours.Usingtoolslikecalendarsandto-dolistscanalsohelpyoustayorganized.Finally,remembertotakebreaks.Restingallowsyourbraintorecharge,improvingyourproductivitywhenyoureturntowork.Timemanagementisanessentialskillforstudentsandprofessionalsalike.Poortimemanagementcanleadtostressandmissed1______.Tomanageyourtimeeffectively,startbysettingcleargoals.Breaklargetasksintosmaller,manageablesteps.Thismakestheworkseemlessoverwhelmingandhelpsyoutrackyour2______.Prioritizationisalsokey.Identifywhichtasksareurgentandimportant,andfocusonthemfirst.Avoid3______suchassocialmediaduringworkhours.Usingtoolslikecalendarsandto-dolistscanalsohelpyoustayorganized.Finally,remembertotakebreaks.Restingallowsyourbraintorecharge,improvingyour4______whenyoureturntowork.答案：1.deadlines2.progress3.distractions4.productivity解析：1.deadlines:考查名词辨析。糟糕的时间管理会导致压力和错过“截止日期”。2.progress:考查名词辨析。将大任务分解有助于跟踪你的“进度”。3.distractions:考查名词辨析。工作期间应避免如社交媒体之类的“干扰”。4.productivity:考查名词辨析。休息能让大脑恢复活力，从而提高返回工作时的“生产力/效率”。（2）Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeaglobalconcern.Pollution,deforestation,andclimatechangearethreateningourplanet.Governmentsandorganizationsaretakingmeasurestoreducecarbonemissionsandpromotesustainabledevelopment.Individualscanalsoplayarolebyadoptingeco-friendlyhabits.Forinstance,usingpublictransportationinsteadofprivatecarscansignificantlyreduceairpollution.Recyclingwasteandsavingenergyathomearealsosimplebuteffectivewaystohelp.Furthermore,plantingtreescontributestoimprovingairqualityandpreventingsoilerosion.Everysmallaction1______.Ifeveryonecontributesalittle,thecumulativeeffectwillbe2______.Wemustrealizethatprotectingtheenvironmentisnotjusttheresponsibilityofgovernments,butalsoofevery3______.Theearthisouronlyhome,andwehavethedutytopreserveitforfuture4______.Let'stakeactionnowbeforeitistoo5______.答案：1.counts2.significant3.individual4.generations5.late解析：1.counts：Everysmallactioncounts（每一个小行动都很重要/算数）是常用表达，强调积少成多。2.significant：前文提到每个人贡献一点，累积的效果将是“显著的”（significant），符合逻辑。3.individual：与前文的governments对应，强调保护环境也是每个“个人”（individual）的责任。4.generations：forfuturegenerations（为了后代/子孙后代）是固定搭配，符合环保主题。5.late：beforeitistoolate（在为时已晚之前）是常用习语，呼吁立即行动。（3）Intoday'sdigitalage,technologyhaschangedthewaywecommunicate.Wecannowtalktoanyonearoundtheworldinstantly.Whilethisbringsmanybenefits,italsohassomedownsides.Onemajorissueisthatpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirphonesandcomputers,1______face-to-faceinteraction.Thiscanleadtofeelingsoflonelinessandisolation.Anotherconcernisthespreadofmisinformation.Withsomuchinformationavailableonline,itissometimeshardtotellwhatistrueandwhatisfalse.Therefore,itiscrucialtodevelopcriticalthinkingskills.Wemustlearnto2______sourcesandverifyfactsbeforesharingthem.Despitethesechallenges,technologyremainsapowerfultool.Ifusedwisely,itcanconnectusandhelpussolveglobalproblems.Thekeyistofinda3______betweenusingtechnologyandlivingintherealworld.答案：1.ignoring2.check3.balance解析：本文探讨了数字时代科技对沟通方式的影响及其利弊。1.ignoring:句意为“人们花太多时间在手机和电脑上，忽视了面对面的交流”。ignoring是ignore的现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示过度使用电子设备导致的后果是忽略现实互动。2.check:句意为“我们必须学会核查信息来源并在分享前核实事实”。checksources意为“检查来源”，符合辨别真伪信息的语境。3.balance:句意为“关键在于在使用科技和生活在现实世界之间找到平衡”。findabalance是常见搭配，意为“找到平衡点”，呼应前文提到的既要利用科技又要避免其负面影响。（4）Learninganewlanguageisachallengingbutrewardingprocess.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoimproveyourskillsistopracticeregularly.Manystudentsfindithelpfultokeepadiaryinthetargetlanguage.Thishelpsthemto3______theirthoughtsandfeelingsinwrittenform.Anotherusefulmethodistolistentopodcastsorwatchmoviesinthatlanguage.Thisnotonlyimproveslisteningcomprehensionbutalsohelpslearnersunderstandcultural4______.Byimmersingthemselvesinthelanguageenvironment,learnerscanmakefasterprogress.Itisimportanttorememberthatmakingmistakesisanaturalpartoflearning.Insteadofbeingafraidoferrors,learnersshouldviewthemasopportunitiestolearnand5______.答案：1.express2.contexts3.improve解析：3.express：写日记的目的是用书面形式“表达”思想和感受。helpsb.todosth.，故填动词express。4.contexts：通过听播客或看电影，学习者不仅能提高听力，还能理解文化“背景”或“语境”。culturalcontexts为常用搭配，故填contexts。5.improve：将错误视为学习和“进步/提高”的机会。learnandimprove为并列结构，故填动词原形improve。（5）Remoteworkhasbecomeincreasinglypopularinrecentyears.Manycompanieshaveadoptedflexibleworkpolicies,allowingemployeestoworkfromhomeorotherlocations.Thisshiftoffersseveral1______.Forinstance,employeescansavetimeandmoneybyavoidingdailycommutes.Theyalsohavemorecontrolovertheirschedules,whichcanleadtoabetterwork-lifebalance.However,remoteworkalsopresentschallenges.Onemajorissueisthelackofsocialinteraction.Workingaloneathomecansometimesfeel2______andisolating.Furthermore,distinguishingbetweenworkandpersonallifecanbedifficultwhenyourofficeisalsoyourlivingroom.Toovercomethesechallenges,itisimportanttoestablishclearboundaries.Settingspecificworkhoursandcreatingadedicatedworkspacecanhelpmaintainproductivity.Regularvideocallswithcolleaguescanalsohelpmaintainasenseof3______andteamspirit.Employersalsoneedtoadapt.Theyshouldfocusonoutputratherthanhoursworkedandprovidethenecessarytechnicalsupport.Trustisessentialinaremoteworkenvironment.Managersmusttrusttheiremployeestocompletetaskswithoutconstant4______.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,remoteworkislikelytoremainasignificantpartoftheprofessionallandscape.Bothemployersandemployeesmustcontinuetofindwaystomakethismodelwork5______.答案：1.benefits2.lonely3.community4.supervision5.effectively解析：1.benefits:句意为“这种转变提供了几个好处”。下文提到的节省时间金钱、更好的工作生活平衡都是好处，故填benefits。2.lonely:句意为“独自在家工作有时会感到孤独和孤立”。lonely与isolating并列，形容缺乏社交互动的感受。3.community:句意为“定期的视频通话有助于保持社区感和团队精神”。senseofcommunity意为“社区感/归属感”，符合团队建设的语境。4.supervision:句意为“管理者必须信任员工在没有持续监督的情况下完成任务”。supervision意为“监督”，与前面的trust形成对比。5.effectively:句意为“双方必须继续寻找使这种模式有效运作的方法”。修饰动词work，应用副词effectively（有效地）。（6）Manyyearsago,akindfarmerlivedinasmallvillage.Hehadahorsethatwasveryoldandcoulddolittlework.Oneday,thehorsefellintoadeepwell.Thefarmerheardthehorsecryingandrushedtothewell.Hetriedtopullthehorseoutbutfailed.Afterthinkingforawhile,hedecidedtogiveupbecausethehorsewastooold.Heaskedhisneighborstohelphimfillthewellwithdirttoburythehorse.Astheystartedthrowingdirtintothewell,thehorsedidsomethingamazing.Everytimethedirtlandedonitsback,itshookthedirtoffandsteppedonit.Soon,thepileofdirtbecamehighenoughforthehorsetoclimbout.Thestoryteachesusthatlifewillsometimesthrowdirtonyou,butyoucanuseitasasteppingstonetogetoutoftrouble.Thekeyisnevertogive1______.Whenfacingdifficulties,weshouldstaycalmandfindawaytoturnbadsituationsintogoodones.Justlikethehorse,wemustshakeofftheproblemsandstep2______them.Ifwekeeptrying,wewilleventuallysucceed.Thisstoryremindsusthatourattitudedeterminesour3______.Apositivemindsetcanhelpusovercomeanyobstacle.So,wheneveryoufeeldownortrapped,rememberthehorseinthewell.Donotletthedirtburyyou;instead,letitliftyouup.Lifeisfullofchallenges,butwithcourageandwisdom,wecan4______everydifficulty.Alwaysbelieveinyourselfandkeepmovingforward.Nomatterhowdarkthesituationseems,thereisalwaysawayoutifyoudonotlose5______.答案：1.up2.on3.future4.overcome5.hope解析：本文讲述了一匹老马掉进井里，农夫本想填土埋葬它，但马通过将落在背上的土抖落并踩在脚下，最终成功爬出井口的故事。寓意是面对困难不要放弃，要将挫折转化为垫脚石。1.up:短语`giveup`意为“放弃”，符合语境中农夫最初想放弃救马的情节。2.on:短语`stepon`意为“踩在……上”，文中指马踩在土堆上往上走。3.future:句意为“我们的态度决定了我们的未来”，`determineone'sfuture`是常见搭配。4.overcome:动词`overcome`意为“克服”，与宾语`difficulty`搭配，表示克服困难。5.hope:短语`losehope`意为“失去希望”，呼应文章主旨，鼓励人们在困境中保持希望。PartIVErrorCorrection(20points)（1）Myhometownhaschangedgreatinthepasttenyears.Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuilt.Theriverwhichusedtobedirtyisnowclean.Peoplearelivingahappylifethanbefore.Weallproudofourhometown.答案：1.great->greatly;2.happy->happier;3.allproud->areallproud解析：1.'changedgreat'中change是动词，应用副词修饰，great改为greatly。2.'ahappylifethanbefore'中有than，应用比较级，happy改为happier。3.'Weallproud'中proud是形容词，句子缺少系动词，应改为Weareallproud。（2）短文改错：请指出并改正下列短文中的错误（每行最多一处错误）。TheInternethaschangedourlifegreatly.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareusedtoshoponline.1______Itisconvenientandsaveusalotoftime.2______However,therearesomedisadvantageaswell.3______Forexample,wecan'tseetherealproductsbeforewebuyit.4______Soweshouldbecarefullywhenshoppingonline.5______答案：去掉are(或used->using),save->saves,disadvantage->disadvantages,it->them,carefully->careful解析：1.语态/结构错误：beusedtodoingsth.表示“习惯于做某事”，但此处语境更倾向于陈述事实“人们网购”，若保留are需改为areusedtoshopping；但更常见的考点是混淆usetodo和beusedtodoing。若原意是“习惯于”，则shop应改为shopping。若原意是“被用来”，不通。通常考点为：peopleareusedtoshopping(习惯)或peopleuse...toshop。此处根据上下文“Nowadays...”，考查beusedtodoing，故shop改为shopping。*注：另一种常见考法是去掉are，变为usedtoshop(过去常常)，但与Nowadays矛盾。故最可能的错误是shop->shopping。但如果题目设定是每行一处错误，且原句是areusedtoshop，错误在于to是介词，后接ing。**修正解析逻辑*：原句`areusedtoshop`。`beusedto`后接动名词表示习惯。故`shop`改为`shopping`。*(自我纠正：查看答案数组对应位置，通常这类题考`beusedtodoing`。如果答案是`去掉are`，则变成`usedtoshop`表示过去习惯，与Nowadays冲突。如果答案是`shop->shopping`，则符合语法。让我们看另一个可能性：`getusedto`。这里假设错误点在`shop`上。)**再次审视常见专升本考点*：有时考`usedtodo`(过去常常)vs`beusedtodoing`(习惯)。既然有Nowadays，肯定是习惯。所以`shop`改`shopping`。但是，如果题目想考`areaccustomedto`的同义替换？不，最直接的错误是`to`作为介词。*等等，让我重新看第1行*：`moreandmorepeopleareusedtoshoponline.`错误：`shop`->`shopping`。*但是*，还有一种可能：`used`是形容词，`beusedto`。如果我想让答案更丰富，有没有可能是`are`多余？如果去掉`are`，`peopleusedtoshop`意思是“人们过去常常网购”，与`Nowadays`矛盾。所以只能是`shop`->`shopping`。*为了增加多样性，我将调整题目或答案*。让我们看另一个常见的：`getusedto`。或者，也许题目是想说`areusedto`(被用来)？不通。*决定*：答案设为`shop->shopping`。*(注：如果在实际考试中，有时也会考`accustomedto`。这里保持简单。)**重新检查第1空答案*：如果我将题目改为`peoplegetusedtoshop`，则改`shop`为`shopping`。如果题目是`peopleareusedtoshop`，也是改`shop`为`shopping`。*为了符合“每行最多一处错误”且答案明确*：1.shop->shopping2.save->saves(主语It单数)3.disadvantage->disadvantages(some后接复数)4.it->them(指代products复数)5.carefully->careful(be动词后接形容词作表语)*让我再仔细看看第1句*：`areusedtoshop`。如果我把`are`去掉，变成`usedtoshop`，虽然时态不对，但有些学生可能会误判。但标准答案肯定是`shopping`。*为了避免歧义，我将修改题目第一行为*：`Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplegetusedtoshoponline.`->`shop`改`shopping`。或者`areaccustomedtoshop`。*还是保持原题`areusedtoshop`，答案`shop->shopping`。**等等，我发现在生成的JSON中，我必须确保答案准确。*1.`shop`->`shopping`2.`save`->`saves`3.`disadvantage`->`disadvantages`4.`it`->`them`5.`carefully`->`careful`（3）下面短文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearTom,I'mgladtohearfromyou.Youaskedmeaboutmyplanforthecomingwinterholiday.Hereismyplan.First,Iwillspendmoretimereadingbooks,especialEnglishnovels,toimprovemyreadingskills.Second,Iplantotakepartinsomesocialactivitiestogainexperience.Beside,Iwillhelpmyparentswithhousework.Finally,Iinsistondoingexerciseeverydaytokeepfit.Ihopeyoucangivemesomeadvicesonhowtomakemyholidaymeaningful.答案：other->others,greatly->great,hadpicnic->hadapicnic,wastasted->tasted,friend->friends,immediate->immediately,serious->seriously,important->importance解析：1.代词错误：'Some...,others...'是固定搭配，表示“一些……，另一些……”，故将'other'改为'others'。2.形容词/副词误用：修饰名词'time'应用形容词，故将'greatly'改为'great'。3.冠词缺失：'haveapicnic'是固定短语，故在'picnic'前加'a'。4.语态错误：'taste'是系动词，无被动语态，故去掉'was'。5.名词单复数：'Oneof+复数名词'，故将'friend'改为'friends'。6.形容词/副词误用：修饰动词'sent'应用副词，故将'immediate'改为'immediately'。7.形容词/副词误用：修饰动词'was'(病情严重)应用副词，或形容人伤势严重用seriouslyinjured，此处说hewasnotserious指情况不严重，通常用seriously。或者改为'Theinjurywasnotserious'。若主语是He，通常说Hewasnotseriouslyhurt.此处改'serious'为'seriously'配合隐含的hurt，或者认为'beserious'形容人时指态度严肃，形容病情需用'Theconditionwasnotserious'。在改错中，常将'Hewasnotserious'改为'Hewasnotseriouslyhurt'或简单将serious改为seriously(修饰状态)。8.词性错误：'the'后面接名词，故将'important'改为'importance'。（4）找出短文中的错误并改正。每行最多有一处错误。Myfatherisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Heisverybusyeveryday,butheneverfeeltired.Hesaysthathelppeopleishisduty.Heloveshisjobverymuch.答案：feel->feels,help->helping解析：1.主谓一致：主语he是第三人称单数，且句子描述的是一般情况，谓语动词应用单三形式，故将`feel`改为`feels`。2.非谓语动词作主语：在宾语从句"thathelppeopleishisduty"中，主语部分是“帮助人们”，应用动名词形式作主语，故将`help`改为`helping`。（5）下面短文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Itiswellknownthathealthisofgreatimportantforus.Butmanystudentsdon'tpayattentionstotheirhealth.Theyoftenstayuplatelytodoinghomeworkorplaygames.Asaresult,theyfeelsleepinclass.Someevenskipbreakfast,whichisbadfortheirstomach.Besides,theyseldomtakeexercise.Theythinkstudyingisthemostimportantthing.However,withoutahealthybody,theycan'tstudywell.Therefore,weshoulddevelopahealthylifestyle.Weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakeregularexercise.Also,itisnecessaryforustogetenoughsleep.Onlyinthiswaywecankeephealthyandstudybetter.答案：important->importance,attentions->attention,lately->late,doing->do,sleep->sleepy,stomach->stomachs,wecan->canwe解析：1.important->importance：词性错误。ofgreatimportance相当于veryimportant，介词of后接名词，故将important改为importance。2.attentions->attention：固定搭配错误。payattentionto是固定短语，attention是不可数名词，故将attentions改为attention。3.lately->late：副词辨析错误。stayuplate意为“熬夜”，lately意为“最近”，故将lately改为late。4.doing->do：非谓语动词错误。to是不定式符号，后接动词原形，故将doing改为do。5.sleep->sleepy：形容词误用。feel是系动词，后接形容词sleepy表示“困倦的”，故将sleep改为sleepy。6.stomach->stomachs：名词复数错误。their指代复数students，对应的器官stomach也应用复数stomachs。7.wecan->canwe：倒装句错误。'Only+状语'位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装，即将情态动词can提到主语we之前，故将wecan改为canwe。PartVReadingComprehension(36points)Passage1Learningasecondlanguageoffersnumerouscognitiveandsocialbenefits.Researchsuggeststhatbilingualindividualsoftenhavebettermemory,problem-solvingskills,andcriticalthinkingabilitiescomparedtomonolinguals.Theprocessofswitchingbetweenlanguagesexercisesthebrain,enhancingmentalflexibility.Socially,knowinganotherlanguageopensdoorstonewculturesandcommunities.Itfostersempathyandunderstandingbyallowingdirectcommunicationwithpeoplefromdiversebackgrounds.Intheprofessionalworld,bilingualismisahighlyvaluedskill.Manymultinationalcompaniesprefercandidateswhocancommunicatewithinternationalclientsandpartners.Despitetheclearadvantages,learninganewlanguagerequiresdedicationandconsistentpractice.Itisnotalwayseasy,especiallyforadults,butthelong-termrewardsforthebrainandcareerprospectsmakeitaworthwhileendeavor.（1-1）Accordingtoresearch,whatcognitiveadvantagedobilingualshave?（）ABetterphysicalstrengthBImprovedmemoryandproblem-solvingskillsCFastertypingspeedDHighermathematicalabilityonly（1-2）Howdoeslearningalanguageaffectsocialinteractions?（）AItmakespeopleshyBItlimitscommunicationtolocalsCItfostersempathyandconnectsdiverseculturesDItcreatesbarriersbetweengroups（1-3）Whydomultinationalcompaniesvaluebilingualism?（）AToreducesalarycostsBTocommunicatewithinternationalclientsCToavoidusingtranslationsoftwareDToincreaseofficespace（1-4）Whatisrequiredtolearnanewlanguagesuccessfully?（）ANaturaltalentonlyBExpensiveequip