山西太原市2026-2027学年高三开学考英语试题（含解析）

2026-2027学年高三摸底考试英语2026.8注意事项：1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3．本试卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．Whichcountryhasrulesaboutmakingbeer?A．Germany.B．TheUK.C．Belgium.2．Whendidthewomangoforawalk?A．Inthemorning.B．Intheafternoon.C．Intheevening.3．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Motherandson.B．Masterandservant.C．Tourguideandtourist.4．Howwillthemanpayfortheshopping?A．Withacard.B．Withhiscash.C．Withthewoman’smoney.5．Whatistheweatherlikenow?A．Rainy.B．Cloudy.C．Sunny.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inacar.B．Atacave.C．Insideahouse.7．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Brushtheirhair.B．Makesomerules.C．Putontheirhats.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Atwhattimedoesthemanusuallyarriveatschool?A．9:00a.m.B．9:10a.m.C．9:30a.m.9．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Askhismomtoleaveearlier.B．Usethepublictransport.C．Drophissisterofffirst.10．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theman’slateness.B．Workmeetings’plans.C．Schoolclasses’organization.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecake?A．Itisnormal.B．Itisdelicious.C．Itisdisappointing.12．Whyisthewomangladtoseetheman?A．Sheislonely.B．Hewillhelpher.C．Heisafamilymember.13．Whatwillthewomanconsiderdoing?A．Movingtoanothercommunity.B．Seeingherfamilymoreoften.C．Runningacakeshop.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttherecyclingrules?A．Confused.B．Confirmed.C．Content.15．Whichitemswillberegardedasgeneralwaste?A．Cans.B．Bottles.C．Envelopes.16．Whatistheproblemwiththeplate?A．Itistoobig.B．Itistoodirty.C．Itcan’tberecycled.17．Whenistherecyclingcollected?A．OnTuesday.B．OnWednesday.C．OnThursday.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatisprobablythespeaker’sjob?A．Ahotelmanager.B．Aweatherreporter.C．Anairtrafficcontroller.19．Wherewillmostofthepassengerssleep?A．Intheairporthotel.B．Intheairportlounge.C．Intheairportterminal.20．Whatwillthespeakerprobablydowithinthenexthour?A．Announceadditionalinformation.B．Givepassengersticketrefunds.C．Letpeoplegetreadyfordeparture.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouwanttofindaplaceofinteresttospendyoursummervacation,thinkaboutthefollowinglocations.TheNautilusMaldivesOpenedin2019,thisindependent,Maldivian-ownedresort(度假村)istheislandnation’sonlyRelais&Chateauxproperty.It’slocatedoffabeautifulsandyislandintheIndianOcean,whichhasbeenofficiallyrecognizedasaUNESCOBiosphereReserveforitsstunningcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andvariousmarinelife.Splendid,oversizedaccommodationsarebalancedwithplaininners,intendedtobeinharmonywiththesurroundingnaturalscenery.SixSensesLaamu,theMaldivesSustainabilityliesatthecoreoftheunique,luxuriousresortintheMaldives’isolatedLaamuAtoll.Thethree-storiedoverwaterbuildingsareconstructedoflocalmaterials,whichbringsmoneytonearbyislandcommunities.Followitupwithamealmadefromproducegrownintheislands’gardenswithoutusingartificialchemicalsandfreshlycaughtseafoodfromlocalfishermen.Finally,treatyourselftooneofthemanyspatreatmentsattheSixSensesSpaoverlookingtheocean.FourSeasonsResortBoraBora,FrenchPolynesiaBuiltalongasmallisland,theoverwaterbuildingsattheFourSeasonsResortBoraBorariseovertheisland’sbluewaters.TheirdecorisinspiredbythenaturalstyleofatraditionalPolynesianvillage,andallhaveindoor-outdoorspaceswithladdersforaccesstothelake.Choosefromoneofthreeviews:beach,lake,or,ourfavorite,mountain.BananaIslandResortDohabyAnantara,QatarOnaprivateislandtwentyminutesbyboatfromQatar’scapitalcity,thisresorthousesthePersianGulf’s11Maldivian-inspiredoverwaterbuildingsonascaleonlyfoundintheMiddleEast.Think:twoandthree-bedroomunits(beginningat2,500squarefeet),eachequippedwithfacilitieslikeaprivatefull-sizedswimmingpool.1.WhatistheadvantageofthebuildingsinSixSensesLaamu?A.Theyhaveaninformalatmosphere.B.Theyhavebeenlovinglyrestored.C.Theybringeconomicbenefitstothelocals.D.Theyareinharmonywiththesurroundings.2.WheremayavisitorgoifhelikesPolynesianstylearchitecture?A.TheNautilusMaldives.B.SixSensesLaamu,theMaldives.C.BananaIslandResortDohabyAnantara,Qatar.D.FourSeasonsResortBoraBora,FrenchPolynesia.3.Whatdothesefourresortshaveincommon?A.Theyownallkindsofseafoods. B.Theyarebuiltoverwater.C.Theyenjoyconvenientcommunications. D.Theyprovideaswimmingpool.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了四个各具特色的度假村，包括其位置、环保理念、建筑风格和设施特点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SixSensesLaamu,theMaldives部分中“Thethree-storiedoverwaterbuildingsareconstructedoflocalmaterials,whichbringsmoneytonearbyislandcommunities.(这些三层水上建筑由当地材料建造，为附近岛屿社区带来了收入)”可知，SixSensesLaamu的建筑优势在于为当地人带来了经济利益。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FourSeasonsResortBoraBora,FrenchPolynesia部分中“TheirdecorisinspiredbythenaturalstyleofatraditionalPolynesianvillage(它们的装饰灵感来自传统波利尼西亚村庄的自然风格)”可知，喜欢波利尼西亚风格建筑的游客可以去法属波利尼西亚的FourSeasonsResortBoraBora。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TheNautilusMaldives部分中“It’slocatedoffabeautifulsandyislandintheIndianOcean,...Splendid,oversizedaccommodationsarebalancedwithplaininners,intendedtobeinharmonywiththesurroundingnaturalscenery.(它座落于印度洋上一个美丽的沙岛旁，……华丽、超大的住宿空间与朴素的内部陈设相平衡，旨在与周围的自然景色和谐相融)”、SixSensesLaamu,theMaldives部分中“Thethree-storiedoverwaterbuildings(三层水上建筑)”、FourSeasonsResortBoraBora,FrenchPolynesia部分中“theoverwaterbuildingsattheFourSeasonsResortBoraBorariseovertheisland’sbluewaters(波拉波拉四季度假村的水上建筑矗立在岛屿的蓝色水域之上)”和BananaIslandResortDohabyAnantara,Qatar部分中“thisresorthousesthePersianGulf’s11Maldivian-inspiredoverwaterbuildings(这个度假村拥有波斯湾11座受马尔代夫启发的水上建筑)”可推知，这四个度假村的共同点是都建在水上。BBookstoresarefascinatingplaces.That’sbecausethebooksontheshelvescantakeyouawaytomagicallands,helpyoulearnaforeignlanguage,orcookadeliciousmeal.Butwhenyourcommunityistoosmalltohousearealbrickandmortarbookstore,sometimesyouhavetoimprovise(即兴创作).Amobilebookstorethatbringsbooksaroundthecountryistheresult.ThatisthecaseforRitaCollins,70,whodreamedofopeningabookstoreafterretiringfromteaching.AbusinessplanningclassfromtheAmericanBooksellersAssociationconvincedCollinsthatopeningabookstoreinthesmalltownwheresheliveswouldnotbesustainable.Eureka,Montana,locatedjustsevenmilesfromtheCanadianborder,onlyhasapopulationof1517.Collinsaskedherinstructorsaboutatravelingbookstoreonwheelsandtheywereskeptical.Butshepersevered.CollinswasinspiredbyDylan’sMobileBookstore,atravelingbookstoreinWalesrunbyJeffTowns.ShecontactedJeffforadvicebutshewaslargelyonherownwhenitcametobuildingherbookstore.Firstshehadtofindavehiclelargeenoughtostandin.Thenshehadtohaveitrefitted(给……整修)withshelvesthatwouldholdthebooksata15-degreeanglesothattheywouldstayinplacewhilethevehicleismoving.CollinsnamedherbookstoreSt.Rita’sTravelingBookstore,whichhasbeenontheroadsince2015.Atfirst,shedrovethroughMontanaandthenshemadeherfirstcross-countrytripin2016.Aftersheretiredin2017,itbecameafull-timejoballyearround.Collinsandhertravelingbookstorehavevisited30states,stoppingatfestivalsandeventsalongtheway.Whilethelocationschange,somethingsalwaysstaythesame.Collinslovesmeetingpeopleandmakingconnections.Whilesheloveswhatshedoes,Collinsdoesn’tthinkshecankeepdoingit.Inseveralyears,shehopestopasshertravelingbookstoreontoanotherbookloverwhowillkeepitontheroad.4.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopicofthetext.B.Todeclaretheimportanceofbookstores.C.Toencouragetheopeningofbookstores.D.Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutbookstores.5.WhywasCollins’ideaofrunningabookstoreinEureka,Montanaquestioned?A.Becauseitwouldcostalotofmoney. B.Becauseitwasn’tnewtothelocals.C.Becauseitwasviewedasunworkable. D.BecauseitwasbasedonthewisdomofJeff.6.Whyweretheshelvesdesignedata15degreeangle?A.Toholdmorebooks. B.Tobeautifythemobilebookstore.C.Tokeepthebookstore’sbalance. D.Toprotectthebooksfromfallingdown.7.Whichisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Abookstoreonwheels. B.Themagicofbookstores.C.Across-countrybookstore. D.Thebirthofthetravelingbookstore.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】文章讲述70岁的RitaCollins因为小镇人口太少，无法开办实体书店，于是打造了一辆移动书店的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Butwhenyourcommunityistoosmalltohousearealbrickandmortarbookstore,sometimesyouhavetoimprovise(即兴创作).Amobilebookstorethatbringsbooksaroundthecountryistheresult.ThatisthecaseforRitaCollins,70,whodreamedofopeningabookstoreafterretiringfromteaching.(但如果所在社区规模太小，放不下一家真正的实体书店，那有时就得另想办法。于是，一种能把书籍带到全国各地的移动书店便应运而生。70岁的丽塔・柯林斯就是这样，她从教师岗位退休后，一直梦想开一家书店。)”可知，第一段先讲书店很迷人，接着转折引出：小镇太小无法开设实体书店，于是就有了移动书店，顺势引出本文主人公RitaCollins的故事。由此可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主题。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AbusinessplanningclassfromtheAmericanBooksellersAssociationconvincedCollinsthatopeningabookstoreinthesmalltownwheresheliveswouldnotbesustainable.Eureka,Montana,locatedjustsevenmilesfromtheCanadianborder,onlyhasapopulationof1517.Collinsaskedherinstructorsaboutatravelingbookstoreonwheelsandtheywereskeptical.(美国书商协会开设的一门商业规划课让柯林斯明白：在她居住的这个小镇开一家书店是无法持续经营的。蒙大拿州的尤里卡镇距离加拿大边境仅7英里，人口只有1517人。柯林斯向授课老师咨询关于“车轮上的移动书店”的想法，老师们对此持怀疑态度。)”可知，当地人口仅1517人，行业课程的专业判断直接认定在小镇开实体书店无法长期维持，她提出移动书店的想法后，导师们也都持怀疑态度，本质就是认为这个方案不具备可操作性。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thenshehadtohaveitrefittedwithshelvesthatwouldholdthebooksata15degreeanglesothattheywouldstayinplacewhilethevehicleismoving.(之后她必须对车辆进行改装，装上呈15度倾角的书架。这样，车辆行驶的时候，书本就能保持原位，不会滑落。)”可知，移动书店的每一层书架倾斜15度角，是为了防止书籍在运行过程中掉落。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章讲述70岁的RitaCollins因为小镇人口太少，无法开办实体书店，于是打造了一辆移动书店的故事。由此可知，A项“车轮上的书店”为最合适的标题。CAseal(海豹)wearingahelmetwithanantennamightlookunusual,buteightWeddellseals,eachwitha580gmonitoringdevice(监测装置)ontheirheads,havebeenhelpingJapaneseresearcherssurveythewatersunderthethickicesheetintheAntarctic.TappedforaresearchprojectbetweenMarchandNovember2017,thesesealswereequippedwiththehead-mountedconductivity,temperatureanddepthsensor,whichallowsscientiststocollectobservationinformation,suchaswatertemperaturesandsaltlevels,inareaswithextremelyterribleenvironmentalconditions.ProjectleaderNobuoKokubunsaidsuchresearchhelpsscientistsdiscovertheanimals’behaviouralpatterns.“Duringthesummer,wecangototheAntarcticbyicebreakerstoconductactualresearchactivities,sothatwecancollectinformationthere.Butduringthewinter,suchthingscannotbedoneinsomanyplaces,”Kokubunsaidduringaninterview.“However,eveninsuchasituation,manyanimalssuchassealsarelivingintheareaofAntarctica,soIthoughtmaybetheywereuseful,”Kokubunadded.Theinformationsuccessfullygatheredfromsevensealsshowedoneofthemhadtraveledasfaras633kmfromthecoastofJapan’sShowaStationintheAntarctic,whileanotherhadarrivedadepthof700m.Kokubunsaidthescientistsalsolearnedfromtheinformationthatwarmseawaterfromtheupperlayer(上层)intheopenseareachedAntarcticafromMarchthroughwinterthatyear.Thewaterflowedbelowtheice,bringinginseacreatureslikeAntarctickrill,amajorfoodsourceforseals.InordertoknowfurtherimpactofglobalwarmingonAntarcticcoastalareas,KokubunnexthopestomakethedevicesmallenoughtofitotheranimalsattheSouthPolesuchaspenguins.“Theadvantageofpenguinsisthattheycomebacktothesameplaceandwecancollectinformationfromthemimmediately.Also,wecanusethedevicesonalargenumberofpenguinssotheycancoverawidearea,”hesaid.8.What’sthefunctionofthedeviceonseals’heads?A.Tohelpsealssurvive. B.Tohelpscientistscollectinformation.C.Toprovetheeffectsofglobalwarming. D.Toensuresealsseeclearlyunderthewater.9.WhatdoKokubun’swordsinParagraph3mainlyshow?A.DoingresearchinAntarcticaisdifficult. B.AnimalsinAntarcticaareworthstudying.C.AnimalsinAntarcticaarenotafraidofcold. D.SomeanimalsinAntarcticaaregreathelpers.10.Howdidtheresearchersprobablyfeelaftergettinginformation?A.Worried. B.Confused. C.Encouraged. D.Disappointed.11.WhichofthefollowingshowsKokubun’sopinion?A.Thedeviceshouldbeimproved.B.Sealsdon’tliveonseacreatures.C.Theresearchhasbeencarriedoutonalargescale.D.Penguinsshouldtaketheplaceofsealscompletely.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】文章主要说明了研究者在韦德尔海豹头上安装监测设备，借助它们获取南极冰下水域数据。研究收获不错，项目负责人计划缩小装置，未来用于企鹅，继续探究全球变暖对南极海岸的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TappedforaresearchprojectbetweenMarchandNovember2017,thesesealswereequippedwiththehead-mountedconductivity,temperatureanddepthsensor,whichallowsscientiststocollectobservationinformation,suchaswatertemperaturesandsaltlevels,inareaswithextremelyterribleenvironmentalconditions.(这些海豹于2017年3月至11月期间被用于一项研究项目，配备了头戴式电导率、温度和深度传感器，使科学家能够在极端恶劣的环境条件下收集水温、盐度等观测数据)”可知，研究人员给海豹身上安装监视装置是为了搜集信息。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“However,eveninsuchasituation,manyanimalssuchassealsarelivingintheareaofAntarctica,soIthoughtmaybetheywereuseful(然而，即便在这样的情况下，许多动物如海豹仍生活在南极地区，所以我想到也许它们是有用的)”可知，一些南极的动物是很好的帮手。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theinformationsuccessfullygatheredfromsevensealsshowedoneofthemhadtraveledasfaras633kmfromthecoastofJapan’sShowaStationintheAntarctic,whileanotherhadarrivedadepthof700m.Kokubunsaidthescientistsalsolearnedfromtheinformationthatwarmseawaterfromtheupperlayer(上层)intheopenseareachedAntarcticafromMarchthroughwinterthatyear.Thewaterflowedbelowtheice,bringinginseacreatureslikeAntarctickrill,amajorfoodsourceforseals.(从七只海豹身上收集到的信息显示，其中一只最远游到了距离日本位于南极的昭和站海岸633公里的位置，另一只则抵达了700米深的水下。Kokubun表示，科学家还从这些信息中了解到，自当年三月起，温暖的海水从开阔海域上层一直流至南极，并在冰层下方流动，带来了南极磷虾等海洋生物，而后者是海豹的重要食物来源)”可知，海豹搜集来很多信息，这样的收获会让研究人员深受鼓舞。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“InordertoknowfurtherimpactofglobalwarmingonAntarcticcoastalareas,KokubunnexthopestomakethedevicesmallenoughtofitotheranimalsattheSouthPolesuchaspenguins.(为了进一步了解全球变暖对南极沿海地区的影响，Kokubun接下来希望将该设备做得足够小巧，以便安装在南极的其他动物身上，例如企鹅)”可知，Kokubun认为这些装置可以加以改进，以便适用于其他类型的动物。DArecentstudydiscoveredthatpeoplearemoreinfluencedbytheirpeers(同伴)topunishthantheywouldbeifmakingthedecisionontheirownwhenparticipatinginagroupthatisentrustedwithselectinghowtopunishsomeone.“Peoplecangettogetherinagroupandbeintensifiedbytheotherpeopleintheirgrouptobehaveinwaystheywouldn’ttypicallywhenalone,includingbecomingmorepunitive,”saidOrielFeldmanHall,anassistantprofessorofcognitive,linguisticandpsychologicalsciencesatBrownUniversityandseniorresearcheronthestudy.FeldmanHallandherresearchteamconductedfiveexperimentsinvolvingalmost400participants.Ineveryexperiment,participantschosewhetherornottopenalizetheoffendereitherindividuallyorasagroup.Theresearchmeasuredvariationsinpartialityaswell:Insomeexperiments,thedecision-makerwasrequiredtoactasanobjectivejuror;inothers,theywereinstructedtopretendtheywerethevictimofanunfairofferoramockcrime.Theteamfoundthatasthenumberofpro-punishmentpeopleinthegroupincreased,otherparticipantsbecomeupto40percentmorewillingtorecommendpunishingaperpetrator(作恶者),FeldmanHallsaid.Thispatternpersistedwhetherthepersonintheexperimentwasavictimwhohadsufferedharmoranunbiasedjuror.However,theyalsofoundsomedifferences.Victimsweremoreeasilypersuadedtoacceptpunishmentbytheirpeers.Comparatively,jurorswerelesslikelythanvictimstofollowcommunitynorms,andtheyadditionallyconsideredthegravityoftheoffender’scrimewhiledeterminingwhethertopunish.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatparticipantsusedboththeirpeers’preferencesasaguidepostforhowmuchtheyshouldvaluepunishmentandwerelesscautiousaboutmakingdecisionswhentheybelievedtheywereonlyonevoiceamongmanybyusingacomputationalmodelthatdescribeshowpeopleusecontextualinformationtomakedecisions.FeldmanHallsaid,“Althoughtheseresultsmayseemalarming(使人害怕)incertaincontexts,conformitycanalsobeadaptiveandithelpshumanssurvive.”However,moreresearchisneededtounderstandtheextenttowhichpeoplearewillingtobeflexibleaboutmoraldecisions,sheadded.12.WhatdidOrielFeldmanHall’swordsinParagraph2imply?A.Peoplearekindheartedwhentheyarealone.B.Peopleinagroupmayforceotherstoimitatetheirbehaviors.C.Peoplearemorelikelytotakepunitivemeasureswheninagroup.D.Peopletendtomakedecisionswithoutbeingaffectedbypeers.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“persisted”inParagraph4mean?A.Maintained. B.Changed. C.Occurred. D.Dismissed.14.WhatisFeldmanHall’sattitudetowardsthediscovery?A.Ambiguous. B.Objective. C.Worried. D.Critical.15.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Peopleuseeachotherasareferencepointallthetime.B.FeldmanHallandherresearchteamconductedsomeexperiments.C.Itisdangerousthatpeoplewillconformtothegroup’spreferences.D.Peopleareinfluencedbytheirpeers,whichleadstomoreseverepunishments.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了一项心理学研究发现：人们在群体中做出惩罚他人的决定时，会受到同伴的影响，比独自做决定时更倾向于采取惩罚措施；文章同时介绍了实验过程、具体研究结果以及研究者对这一从众现象的客观评价。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第2段中OrielFeldmanHall说的话“Peoplecangettogetherinagroupandbeintensifiedbytheotherpeopleintheirgrouptobehaveinwaystheywouldn’ttypicallywhenalone,includingbecomingmorepunitive(人们聚在群体中时，会受到群体内其他人的影响，做出自己独处时通常不会有的行为，包括变得更具惩罚性)”可知，人在群体中惩罚倾向会增强。由此推知，人们处于群体中时更有可能采取惩罚措施。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第4段中画线词“persisted”后面的“whetherthepersonintheexperimentwasavictimwhohadsufferedharmoranunbiasedjuror(无论实验中的参与者是遭受过伤害的受害者，还是中立的陪审员)”可知，whether...or...列举了两种完全不同的受试身份，表明在这两种不同的条件下，前文的规律都没有发生改变、依然成立。因此画线词应含有“保持、维持”之意。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第6段中FeldmanHall说的话“Althoughtheseresultsmayseemalarming(使人害怕)incertaincontexts,conformitycanalsobeadaptiveandithelpshumanssurvive.(尽管在某些场景下这些结果看起来令人担忧，但从众行为同样具有适应性，能够帮助人类生存下去。)”以及“However,moreresearchisneededtounderstandtheextenttowhichpeoplearewillingtobeflexibleaboutmoraldecisions(然而，仍需开展更多研究，以了解人们在道德决策方面愿意保持灵活的程度)”可知，FeldmanHall既指出了研究发现可能存在的消极影响，也提到了其积极价值，同时表示仍需进一步研究。由此推断FeldmanHall的态度客观。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第1段“Arecentstudydiscoveredthatpeoplearemoreinfluencedbytheirpeers(同伴)topunishthantheywouldbeifmakingthedecisionontheirownwhenparticipatinginagroupthatisentrustedwithselectinghowtopunishsomeone.(一项近期研究发现，当人们身处一个受托决定如何惩罚他人的群体中时，相比独自做决定的情况，他们更容易受到同伴影响而做出惩罚行为。)”可知，全文围绕“同伴影响对群体惩罚决策的作用”展开，依次介绍了研究背景、实验设计、核心发现与研究者评价。由此可知，D项表示“人们受同伴影响，进而导致更严厉的惩罚。”，为本文主旨。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingself.Themorepatientyouare,themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis,ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobe.Withoutpatience,lifeisextremelyfrustrating.____16____Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife.It’simportantforinnerpeace.____17____Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam,lateforanappointment,beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetsoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax.Itmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasanopportunitytoremindyourselfthat,inthebiggerschemeofthings,beinglateis“smallstuff”.Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice.AneffectivewaythatIhavefoundtodeepenmyownpatienceistocreateactualpractiseperiods.TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopractisetheartofpatience.____18____Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertime.Whatyou’lldiscoveristrulyamazing.Yourintentiontobepatient,especiallyifyouknowit’sonlyforashortwhile,immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience.Patienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccessfeedsonitself.Onceyoureachlittlemilestone—fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience—you’llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient,evenforlongerperiodsoftime.____19________20____Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation,sayyourpresentchallenge,isn’t“lifeordeath”butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith.Withoutpatience,youwillseethesamesceneasanemergencycompletewithyelling,frustrationandhurtfeelings.A.Youaremoreeasilyannoyedandbothered.B.Overtime,youmayevenbecomeapatientperson.C.Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective.D.Lifeitselfbecomesaclassroom,andthecurriculumispatience.E.Ifyoulackpatience,youaredestinedtofailinwhatyouarepursuing.F.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthequalityofbeingpatientisverydifficulttodevelop.G.Becomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment,evenifyoudon’tlikeit.【答案】16.A17.G18.D19.B20.C【解析】【导语】本文介绍了耐心对内心平和的重要意义，举例说明耐心在生活场景中的体现，讲述可以通过刻意练习培养耐心，拥有耐心能够帮助人们换视角看待困境。【16题详解】上文“Withoutpatience,lifeisextremelyfrustrating.(没有耐心，生活会非常令人沮丧)”指出缺乏耐心的坏处。A选项“Youaremoreeasilyannoyedandbothered.(你会更容易烦躁、心烦)”承接上文，把这种沮丧的感受具体化，进一步描述缺少耐心带来的状态。【17题详解】下文“Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam,lateforanappointment,beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetsoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax.(如果你遇上堵车、约会迟到，保持耐心意味着在情绪失控前不让负面想法越积越多，温和提醒自己放松)”举堵车迟到的例子解释什么是保持耐心。G选项“Becomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment,evenifyoudon’tlikeit.(变得更有耐心意味着接纳当下，哪怕你并不喜欢当下的处境)”总起本段，引出下文例子。【18题详解】上文“TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopractisetheartofpatience.

(这就是我在心里设定的用来练习耐心的时间段)”介绍练习耐心的时段；下文“Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertime.

(你可以从短短五分钟开始，慢慢培养自己的耐心)”说明练习的时长安排。D选项“Lifeitselfbecomesaclassroom,andthecurriculumispatience.(生活本身就是课堂，课程就是学会耐心)”承接上文练习耐心的话题，引出下文具体练习方法。【19题详解】上文“Onceyoureachlittlemilestone—fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience—you’llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient,evenforlongerperiodsoftime.(一旦你完成小目标——成功保持五分钟耐心，你就会发现自己确实有耐心，甚至可以坚持更久)”说明耐心练习取得小成就；B选项“Overtime,youmayevenbecomeapatientperson.(久而久之，你甚至会成为一个有耐心的人)”承接上文，说明坚持练习带来的最终效果。【20题详解】下文“Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation,sayyourpresentchallenge,isn’t“lifeordeath”butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith.(你会发现哪怕是困境，比如当下的难题，也并非生死攸关，只是需要处理的小阻碍)”讲有耐心时看待事情的视角；C选项“Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective.(保持耐心会帮你保持正确视角)”总起本段，引出下文的对比论述。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分、满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onatypicalday,offthecoastofasmallBrazilianisland,JoaoPereiradeSouzawasheadedout____21____.Hewasdepressedtofindthatanoilspillhadpollutedthewaters.Staringoutatthepollutedwaves,he____22____itwasnotagooddaytofish.Butwalkingthebeachthatday,hefounda____23____penguin,coveredinoilandstarving.Pereiratookthepenguinhome,____24____cleaneditandspentthenextweeknursingitbacktohealth.HenameditDindim.DindimisaMagellanicpenguin,aspeciesknown____25____livingintheseasofSouthAmerica.Inordertobreed,theymustreturntoPatagonia,8,000kilometersfromPereira’shome.PereirapatientlytookDindimbacktothe____26____andtaughthimhowtoswimagain.Soonenough,itwastimeforDindimto____27____lifeinthewild.PereirawatchedDindimswimaway,____28____itwouldbethelasttimehesawhim.ButthenextJune,Dindimreturned.Thetwosharedatenderbeak-to-nosegreeting,andDindimstayedforamonth,waddlingaroundthe____29____house.Thetimetoleavearrived,andPereirathoughtthis____30____wouldbethelasttimehewouldseeDindim.____31____11monthslater,thepenguinwithalongmemoryreturnedagain.Itisacommonbeliefamongscientiststhatanimalshaveshortmemories.Soacoupleofthemputa____32____deviceonDindimtoseeifitwasindeedthesamepenguinthatreturnedyearafteryear.Totheir____33____,butnotPereira’s,Dindimreturned,yearafteryear,formorethanadecade.Loveandnurturecreatea(n)____34____sodeepthatwecan’talwaysexplainit.It’sjustsomethingwefeel,somethingwelongtoprovide.Andwhenwedo,itlastsmuchlongerthanweever____35____.21.A.walking B.fishing C.jogging D.playing22.A.assumed B.predicted C.claimed D.decided23.A.dying B.lovely C.sleeping D.struggling24.A.gently B.quickly C.professionally D.casually25.A.with B.by C.as D.for26.A.ocean B.forest C.shelter D.field27.A.adaptto B.adjustto C.returnto D.cometo28.A.suggesting B.wishing C.knowing D.believing29.A.employee’s B.fisherman’s C.farmer’s D.worker’s30.A.normally B.surely C.nearly D.rarely31.A.Thus B.Otherwise C.But D.And32.A.research B.tracking C.experiment D.science33.A.astonishment B.disappointment C.delight D.credit34.A.emotion B.relationship C.bond D.truth35.A.planned B.designed C.expected D.experienced【答案】21.B22.D23.D24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D29.B30.B31.C32.B33.A34.C35.C【解析】【导语】文章讲述了巴西渔民Joao救了一只油污缠身的企鹅Dindim，放生后企鹅年年回来探望。科学家装上追踪设备，证实这份深厚羁绊远超人们预想。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：在巴西一座小岛海岸外平常的一天，若昂·佩雷拉·德·索萨正要出门捕鱼。A.walking散步；B.fishing捕鱼；C.jogging慢跑；D.playing玩耍。后文提到“itwasnotagooddaytofish”