北京市朝阳区北京中学2026-2027学年新高三英语入学考试试题（含解析）

2026-2027学年新高三入学定位考试英语试题说明：试题总分为100分；考试时间为90分钟；本试卷上所有题的答案务必填写在答题卷相应的位置。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Sweatbegantoformonmyforehead.Iopenedmymouthbutonlyshotoutastaccato(断断续续的声音)of“Buh-buh,buh-buh,b-bonjour”.Myheartsank.AsI___1___throughmyFrenchpresentation,Icouldfeelmyclassmates’eyesdestroyingany___2___ofmyconfidence.Wordbyword,Istumbledonward.Itwasanewlow.Afewdayslater,IheardthatschoolwastobringbackthePoinsettiacampaignduringChristmas.Thegift-givingandpromotionactivitiesduringthefestivalhadalwaysbeenmyfavourite.Moreover,thecampaignwasatraditionthathad___3___afewyearsearlier.Yetitinvolvedpublicspeechesattheschoolauditorium.Iwascaughtinamentalstrugglefordaysbeforemybrother___4___metohaveatry.Thenightbeforetheconference,Ispenthourspracticing.WheneverIgotstuckonaword,Ichangedittoaneasierone.BythetimeIhadfinished,mythroatached.ButIcreatedastutter(结巴)-friendlyspeechthatwouldlastlongenough.Thewholeconferencehasfadedinmymemory.AllIrememberiswalkingtothestageon___5___legs.Mystutterfeltreadytomercilesslyembarrassmeinfrontoftheentireschool.Itookadeepbreathandgotreadyforthewordstaccatostoshootout.Butthestrangestthinghappened—Ispoke___6___.Wordafterwordflowedoffmytongue,andamomentlater,theaudience’sapplauserangintheair.Afterthisexperience,lifecontinuedasnormal,butthe___7___Ihadundergonewasapparent.Ratherthanavoidinganythingthatinvolvedpublicspeaking,Istartedtolivemore___8___andeventakeleadershiproles.Myconfidenceboomed.Finally,Iwasselectedasstudentpresident.Lookingback,Iamamazedattheamountofchangethatcanhappeninayear.Havingbeencaughtupinaterrible___9___wheremystutterateawaymyconfidence,IneededthePoinsettiaCampaigntobreakoutofit.Whilemystutterstillstrikesnowandthen,Inolongerallowittoaffectme.WhathappensnowifIstutter?Amomentof_____10_____,butthat’sit.1.A.saw B.pulled C.struggled D.walked2.A.signs B.remains C.parts D.tracks3.A.brokenout B.runout C.diedout D.turnedout4.A.convinced B.contacted C.invited D.reminded5.A.strong B.shaky C.steady D.still6.A.fluently B.awkwardly C.repeatedly D.loudly7.A.change B.difficulty C.horror D.test8.A.carefully B.secretly C.freely D.actively9.A.mistake B.rush C.conflict D.cycle10.A.regret B.anger C.sorrow D.embarrassment【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A5.B6.A7.A8.D9.D10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者因口吃在法语展示中受挫，后借圣诞活动克服恐惧，重拾自信并实现成长的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成法语展示时，我能感觉到同学们的目光正在摧毁我仅存的一点自信。A.saw看见；B.pulled拉；C.struggled艰难地做；D.walked走。根据上文“Iopenedmymouthbutonlyshotoutastaccato(断断续续的声音)of“Buh-buh,buh-buh,b-bonjour”.”及下文“Wordbyword,Istumbledonward”可知，作者口吃严重，展示过程很艰难。故选C项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成法语展示时，我能感觉到同学们的目光正在摧毁我仅存的一点自信。A.signs迹象；B.remains剩余部分，残骸；C.parts部分；D.tracks轨迹。根据下文的“Wordbyword,Istumbledonward.”可知，口吃的窘迫状态让作者跌跌撞撞地继续着，由此可推断，此处指的是同学们的目光让作者仅有的一点自信也消失了，符合语境。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，这项活动是几年前就已经消失的传统。A.brokenout爆发；B.runout用完；C.diedout消失；D.turnedout结果是。根据上文“schoolwastobringbackthePromsitioncampaign”可知，它曾消失过，“diedout”符合语境。故选C项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我陷入了几天的思想斗争，直到我哥哥说服我试一试。A.convinced说服；B.contacted联系；C.invited邀请；D.reminded提醒。根据上文的“Iwascaughtinamentalstruggle”及下文的“tohaveatry”可知，哥哥是说服了纠结的作者。故选A项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只记得我迈着颤抖的双腿走向舞台。A.strong强壮的；B.shaky颤抖的；C.steady稳定的；D.still静止的。根据下文“Mystutterfeltreadytomercilesslyembarrassme”可知，作者因担心口吃尴尬而紧张，双腿会颤抖。故选B项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最奇怪的事情发生了——我说话很流利。A.fluently流利地；B.awkwardly尴尬地；C.repeatedly重复地；D.loudly大声地。根据上文的“But”及后文“Wordafterwordflowedoffmytongue”可知，作者此次没有口吃，说话很流利，“fluently”与前文的口吃形成对比。故选A项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历之后，生活依旧，但我所经历的变化是显而易见的。A.change变化；B.difficulty困难；C.horror恐惧；D.test测试。根据下文“Ratherthanavoidinganythingthatinvolvedpublicspeaking,Istartedtolivemore___8___andeventakeleadershiproles.”可知，作者在经历后发生了明显变化。故选A项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不再回避任何涉及公开演讲的事情，反而开始更积极地生活，甚至担任起领导职务。A.carefully仔细地；B.secretly秘密地；C.freely自由地；D.actively积极地。根据上文的“Ratherthanavoidinganythingthatinvolvedpublicspeaking”及下文的“takeleadershiproles”可知，作者变得积极主动。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾陷入一个可怕的循环，口吃吞噬了我的自信，我需要PoinsettiaCampaign来打破它。A.mistake错误；B.rush匆忙；C.conflict冲突；D.cycle循环。根据下文“wheremystutterateawaymyconfidence”可知，口吃导致自信缺失，由此可知，此处指的是可能形成恶性循环，“cycle”符合语境，指“口吃—缺自信”的循环。故选D项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有一瞬间的尴尬，但仅此而已。A.regret后悔；B.anger愤怒；C.sorrow悲伤；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“Mystutterfeltreadytomercilesslyembarrassme”可知，口吃曾让作者尴尬，但现在作者已释怀，只偶尔有瞬间尴尬，“embarrassment”呼应前文。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。RapaNui,widely____11____(know)asEasterIsland,isaChileanterritoryinthePacificOcean.Theislandishome____12____aFrench-bornartist.Theartist,DelphinePoulain,wasborninParis52yearsagoandhasbeeninlovewithRapaNuisinceshefirstvisitedin1994.Shesmilesatthememory.“I____13____(ride)ahorsethroughthebeachwhenIfirstthought‘Iwanttolivehere,’”shesaid.Then,Poulainworkedasaprofessionalsailor.OnetriptoRapaNuiwasenoughtoenvisionafuturehomeinthistranquilland,thoughalmostthreedecadespassedbeforethatdream____14____(come)true.【答案】11.known12.to13.wasriding14.came【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍复活节岛（拉帕努伊岛）及法国出生的艺术家德尔菲娜·普兰在该岛的生活愿景与经历。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拉帕努伊岛，常被称为复活节岛，是太平洋上的智利领土。该句中已有谓语动词is，且无连词，此处为非谓语动词，RapaNui与know为被动关系，用过去分词known作后置定语。故填known。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：这座岛上住着一位法国出生的艺术家。此处为固定搭配“behometo”，意为“是……的家园/所在地”符合句意，所以用介词to。故填to。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：“我当时正骑马穿过海滩，就在那一刻，我第一次萌生了‘我想住在这里’的念头，”她说。此处为固定句型“bedoing…when…”意为“当一件事经发生时，另一件事情发生”，结合when引导的从句中的谓语动词thought可知，此处使用过去进行时，主语为第一人称，谓语动词用wasriding。故填wasriding。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：虽然过了将近30年这个梦想才实现，但一次拉帕努伊岛之行就足以让她憧憬在这片宁静的土地上拥有一个未来的家。此处为谓语动词，结合上文的谓语动词passed可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为came。故填came。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Fortoolong,pop-science____15____(see)asatooltobetterteachsciencetoschoolchildren,butnotadults.Itisabsolutelynecessarytoteachpop-sciencetochildren,____16____senseofsciencehasabearingonthenation’sscientificdevelopment.However,theadults’needtostudyscienceshouldnotbeneglected.Therearesomanyscientificdevelopmentsadultswillneedtokeepabreastof,especiallyduringapandemic.Howdomasksprotectonefromthevirus?Whatothermeasuresmustonetaketostayhealthy?Themoreadults____17____(sharp)theirscientifictemper,themoreattentiontheycanpaytotheirchildren’sknowledgetoo.【答案】15.hasbeenseen16.whose17.sharpen【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述科普不应仅面向儿童，成年人也需学习科普以跟上科学发展。【15题详解】考查动词语态和时态。句意：长期以来，科普一直被视为向学龄儿童而非成年人更好地传授科学知识的工具。此处为谓语动词，根据“Fortoolong”可知，用现在完成时；且pop-science与see为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语pop-science为不可数名词，所以谓语动词为hasbeenseen。故填hasbeenseen。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：向儿童传授科普知识是绝对必要的，他们的科学意识关系到国家的科学发展。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为children，在从句中作定语，与空后的senseofscience为所属关系，用关系代词whose。故填whose。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：成年人的科学素养越高，他们也能越多地关注孩子的知识学习。此处为谓语动词，描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语themoreadults为复数，所以用sharp的动词原形sharpen意为“提高、增强”。故填sharpen。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ageisnocriterionwhenitcomesto____18____(change)yourlife.Infact,itmightbejusttheopposite.Theolderweget,themorewemustchange.Changeis____19____keepsusfreshandinnovative.Whenweareyoung,it’seasytoexperimentwithdifferentthings.Theolderweget,themoresetinourwayswebecome.We’vefoundoutwhatourcomfortlevelis,andweallwanttostayinit.Wemustfightthroughthis.Wemusttell____20____(us)tolookfearstraightintheeyeandtakeiton.【答案】18.changing19.what20.ourselves【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述年龄并非改变生活的标准，人越年长越需改变以保持活力。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：谈到改变生活，年龄并非评判标准。此处为固定搭配“whenitcomestodoingsth.”，意为“当谈及做某事时”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式，所以用changing。故填changing。【19题详解】考查表语从句。句意：改变是让我们保持鲜活与创新的事物。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让我们保持鲜活与创新的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：我们必须告诉自己要直视恐惧并勇敢面对它。此处主语和宾语指同一群体“我们”，用we的反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSummerScienceProgram(SSP)isanonprofitorganizationthatprovidesanexperimentalscienceexperienceforhighschoolseniorswho’llsoongothroughcollegeapplication.Asoneoftheoldestpre-collegeenrichmentprograms,SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity.TheirpreviousexperienceswithSSPhaveledthemtoactivelysupporttheprogramthroughdonationsandvolunteering.Theprogramstructureinvolvestwelveteamsguidedbyafacultyofseven.Studentsworkinteamsofthreetoundertakeahands-onresearchproject,fosteringcollaboration,challenge,andinclusivity.Over39days,theseteamsdigintotheirresearch,formingaclose-knitlearningcommunity.AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整体的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation.Theprogramensuresdiversityandprovidesfinancialaidtoalladmittedstudents,makingsuretalentedyoungpeoplewon’getshutout.TheSSPcommunitythrivesoncooperativeresearch,offering,arefreshingreplacementtocompetitiveschoolenvironments.Theabsenceofexamsandgradesfocusesstudentsonpersonalgrowthandtheestablishmentofasupportivenetworkwithpeersandalumni.ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics.witheachprogramhostedbyauniversitypartner.Thecurriculumisadvanced,pacedforcollege-levelunderstanding,andintegratedwiththeresearchproject.Thescheduleispackedwithlearning,guestlecturesfromprofessionals,visitstoscientifieinstitutions,andsocialevents,ensuringawell-roundedandenjoyablesummerforparticipants.TheSSPexperienceisnotjustaboutscience;it’saboutpersonalandcommunalgrowth,makingitanenrichingandmemorableprogramforhighschoolseniors.21.WhatisspecialaboutSSP?A.It’soperatedbyformergraduates. B.It’sbuiltuponpreviousexperiences.C.Itrequiresrecommendationsbyfaculty. D.Itprovidesguidanceoncollegeapplication.22.TogetacceptedbySSP,participantsneedto_______.A.payacertainsumoffees B.adoptaholisticapproachC.beabletodesignprojects D.beexcellentinacademics23.AtSSP,participantswill_______.A.haveafewexamstosit B.engageincompetitiveactivitiesC.getvariousresearchopportunities D.attendlecturesinscientificinstitutions【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity”（SSP是由这个社区的前成员独一无二地经营的）可知，SSP的特别之处在于它是由以前的成员运营的。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整体的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation”（SSP向全球初中生开放，采用全方位的方法，重视学业成绩和学习动机）可知，SSP的录取标准是学术优秀和有动力。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics”（研究机会可以在天体物理学、生物化学或基因组学等领域获得）可知，SSP的参与者将有各种研究机会。故选C。BAlltheLightWeCannotSeeisaboutablindgirlnamedMarie-Laure,wholivesinParis,France,inthe1930s.WhentheNazisinvadein1940,sheandherfatherareforcedtoleavethecity.TheyescapetoacountrysidetowntohidewithMarie-Laure’sgreatuncle,Etierine.Afterseveralmonths,Marie-Laure’sfathergetsarrested.ShecontinuestolivewithEtienne,andtheystartpassingonsecretsignalstoaidtheFrenchResistancemovement.WernerPfennigisaGermanorphanwithahobbyoflisteningtoscienceandmusicprogramsonanoldradio.Developingatalentforfixingradios,heislaterhiredbytheNazistohelpthemtrackenemyradiosignalsduringthewar.Oneday,hepicksupasignalthatiscomingfromEtienne’shomeinFrance.Anyway,Maric-LaureandWernermeetanddevelopastrongrelationship.Canthesepoorsoulsfindawaytoescapethishorriblewartogether?AnthonyDoerrisanAmericanauthorfromCleveland,Ohio.CriticshavepraisedDoerr’swritingforhisshort,sharpsentencesandattentiontodetail.AlltheLightWeCannotSeeishissecondnovel,whichwaspublishedin2014.ItquicklybecameaNewYorkTimesbest-sellerandwonaPulitzerPrizeforFiction.Theamazingnovelgivesreadersalookattheuglyfaceofwar.Throughoutthebook,weseehowwarcandestroypeople’slivesintheblink(眨眼)ofaneye.CharacterssuchasEtienneandMarie-Laure’sfatherdisappearinaninstantandareneverheardfromagain.However,warisalsoshowntobringoutthebestinpeople.Thecharacterswhosurvivemustshowgreatcourageandstrengthwhentheyfacechallenges.Anotherimportantideaistheimportanceofscienceandtechnology.Doerrsuggeststhattechnologies,suchastheradio,arehelpfultosocietyiftheyareusedwithgoodintentions.However,iftechnologiesfallintothehandsofevil(邪恶),theycancausegreatdestruction.24.HowdoesMarie-LaureandEtiennehelpfightagainstNazis?A.Byprovidinginformation. B.ByjoiningFrencharmy.C.Bytrackingradiosignals. D.Bymakingtheirlifepublic.25.AnthonyDoerr’swritingsarehighlythoughtofbecause.A.theyareshortinlength B.theyarefullofinterestingdetailsC.heisaprizewinner D.heiseconomicalwithwords26.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Scienceandtechnologyshouldbevalued. B.Wardestroyseverythingonitsway.C.Technologyisadouble-edgesword. D.Technologyplaysakeyroleinwar.27.Inwhichsectionofamagazineisthepassagemostlikelytobeseen?A.GreatWriters. B.BookClub.C.EverydayHero. D.HitMovies.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小说AlltheLightWeCannotSee和它的作者AnthonyDoerr。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ShecontinuestolivewithEtienne,andtheystartpassingonsecretsignalstoaidtheFrenchResistancemovement.”（她继续和Etienne住在一起，他们开始传递秘密信号，以帮助法国抵抗运动。）可知，Marie-Laure和Etienne通过提供信息来帮助反纳粹斗争。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“CriticshavepraisedDoerr’swritingforhisshort,sharpsentencesandattentiontodetail.”（评论家们称赞Doerr的作品，因为他的句子短小精悍，而且注重细节。）可知，AnthonyDoerr的作品被高度评价是因为他用词非常简练。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Doerrsuggeststhattechnologies,suchastheradio,arehelpfultosocietyiftheyareusedwithgoodintentions.However,iftechnologiesfallintothehandsofevil(邪恶),theycancausegreatdestruction.”（Doerr认为，如果人们怀着好的意图使用诸如收音机之类的技术，它们对社会是有益的。然而，如果技术落入邪恶之手，它们可能会造成巨大的破坏。）可知，技术可以对社会有益，也可以带来破坏。由此可知，技术是一把双刃剑。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了小说AlltheLightWeCannotSee以及它的作者AnthonyDoerr，主要描绘了小说的情节和主题，并分享了作家的写作风格。由此推知，文章主要围绕图书展开，可能出自杂志的“读书俱乐部”栏目。故选B项。CFortyyearsago,theresearchpsychologistDrPaulEkmanwasaskedaquestion:isthereanywayyoucanbesurepeoplearetellingthetruth?Ekmandidnotknowtheanswerthen,buthewantedtofindout.Hefirstfilmedaseriesof12-minuteinterviewswithpatients.Inasubsequentconversation,oneofthepatientstoldhimshehadliedtohim.SoEkmansatandlookedatthefilm.Suddenly,hesawit:anintenseexpressionofextremepains.Hetermedhisdiscovery“micro-expressions”:veryrapid,intensedemonstrationsofemotionthatthesubjectintendedtohide.Overthenextfourdecades,Ekmansuccessfullydemonstratedapropositionthatthewaysinwhichweexpressrage,disgust,contempt,fear,surprise,happinessandsadnessareuniversal.Thefacialmusclestriggeredbythosesevenbasicemotionsareessentiallystandardregardlessoflanguageandculture,fromeasttowest.Also,expressionsofemotionareimpossibletocontroland,particularlywhenwearelying,micro-expressionsofpowerfullyfeltemotionswillinevitablyflitacrossourfacebeforewegetthechancetostopthem.Fortunatelyforliars,mostpeoplewillfailtospotthesefleetingsignalsofinnertorment.Ofthe15,000Ekmanhastested,only50peoplehavebeenabletodoit.Butgivenalittlemoretraining,almostanyonecandeveloptheskill.Sincethefirstpublicationofthisresearch,Ekmanhasbeencalledinbylaw-enforcementandotheragenciesaroundtheworld,notjusttosolvecases,buttoteachthemhowtousehistechnique.Hehasalsoheldworkshopsforlawyers,healthprofessionals,evencouples,allofwhomwanttoknowexactlywhensomeoneisnotbeing100percentcandid.Ekmaninsiststhata“true”liemusthavetwoessentialcharacteristics:theremustbeadeliberateintentiontomisleadandtheremustbenonotificationthatthisiswhatisoccurring.Thismeansthatanactorisn'tatrueliar.Theyaresupposedtodeceiveyou—it’spartofthegame—andthesameistrueofflattery.Ekmanpreferstofocusonthekindsoflieswheretheliarwouldbeingreattroubleiftheywerefoundout,andwherethetargetwouldfeelproperlyupsetiftheyknew.28.Whatdoestheword“flit”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Fadegradually. B.Appeartemporarily. C.Freezesuddenly. D.Intensifyconsciously.29.WhichsituationmeetsEkman’s“truelie”criteria?A.Adoctorinformshisdyingpatientthatheisdoingwell.B.Astudentcheatsintheexambutadmitsitwhenasked.C.Abankerhidesloanriskstosecureaclient’ssignature.D.Aguestpraisesthehostfortheterribledishesserved.30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toillustrateascientificmethodfordetectingdeception.B.Toanalyzethebiologicalprincipleofmicro-expressions.C.Todistinguishdifferenttypesoftheintentionaldeception.D.Topromoteatrainingprogramtodetectmicro-expression.【答案】28.B29.C30.A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍的是研究心理学家PaulEkman博士关于“微表情”的研究发现，包括微表情的定义、普遍性特征、识别难度及其在测谎中的应用，以及Ekman对“真正的谎言”的界定标准。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Also,expressionsofemotionareimpossibletocontroland,particularlywhenwearelying,micro-expressionsofpowerfullyfeltemotionswillinevitablyflitacrossourfacebeforewegotthechancetostopthem.(此外，情绪表达是无法控制的，特别是当我们撒谎时，所感受到的强烈情绪的微表情会在我们有机会阻止它们之前不可避免地在我们脸上flit。)”以及第四段“Fortunatelyforliars,mostpeoplewillfailtospotthesefleetingsignalsofinnertorment.(对撒谎者来说幸运的是，大多数人无法察觉这些内心痛苦的短暂信号。)”可知，flit与fleeting(短暂的)相呼应，意为“短暂出现、闪过”，与Appeartemporarily意思最接近。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ekmaninsiststhata“true”liemusthavetwoessentialcharacteristics:theremustbeadeliberateintentiontomisleadandtheremustbenonotificationthatthisiswhatisoccurring.(Ekman坚持认为，“真正的”谎言必须具备两个基本特征：必须有故意误导的意图，并且必须没有告知对方正在发生这种情况。)”以及“Ekmanpreferstofocusonthekindsoflieswheretheliarwouldbeingreattroubleiftheywerefoundout,andwherethetargetwouldfeelproperlyupsetiftheyknew.(Ekman更喜欢关注这类谎言：一旦谎言被揭穿，说谎者就会陷入巨大的麻烦，而被骗者如果知晓了真相，也会感到非常不安。)”可知，银行家隐瞒贷款风险以获取客户签字，符合故意误导且未告知对方的特征，属于Ekman定义的“真正的谎言”。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“Fortyyearsago,theresearchpsychologistDrPaulEkmanwasaskedaquestion:isthereanywayyoucanbesurepeoplearetellingthetruth?Ekmandidnotknowtheanswerthen,buthewantedtofindout.(四十年前，从事研究工作的心理学家PaulEkman博士被问到一个问题：有什么办法能确定人们说的是真话吗？Ekman当时不知道答案，但他想找出答案。)”以及第二段对“微表情”的发现、第三段对微表情普遍性的阐述、第四段对微表情识别训练的介绍可知，本文主要目的是说明一种检测欺骗的科学方法——通过识别微表情来判断对方是否撒谎。DSeveralyearsago,JeremyClarkson,presenterofthefamousBBCtelevisionprogramme‘TopGear’,discoveredthatoneofhisguestswashalfGermanandhalfIrish.Immediately,hesaid,“That’squiteastrangecombination.It’slike,‘thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly…tomorrow’”.ThisjokeplayedonstereotypesoftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.Manypeoplecouldunderstandablybeoffendedbythesekindsofassertions(断言).WedonotknoweveryIrishperson,sohowcanwethenconcludethateveryIrishpersonislazy?IrecentlyreadonawebsitethatIrishbusinesspeopleweredescribedasbeing“generallyrathercasual”and“moreoutwardlyfriendlythanmanyEuropeancountries”.Germanbusinesspeople,ontheotherhand,areconsideredtobeverydirectandaccordingtothewebsite,they“donotneedapersonalrelationshipinordertodobusiness”.Onceyouhearadvicelikethis,itbecomeseasiertounderstandwherejokesliketheoneinthefirstparagraphcomefrom.SowhydosomepeopledisapproveofthekindofstereotypesasseeninClarkson’sjoke,butnotbattinganeyelid(眨眼)whenitcomestogeneralizations.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwo?Bydefinition,astereotypeisawidelyheldbutfixedandoversimplifiedimageorideaofaparticulartypeofpersonorthing.Aculturalcharacteristic,ontheotherhand,isapatternofbehaviourthatistypicalofacertaingroup.Sowhatdoesthisreallymean?Stereotypesaresimplyoverstatedassumptionsaboutgroupsofpeople.ImagineifatouristvisitedasmalltowninSwitzerlandandsawanumberoflocalsplayingthealphorninstrument,andthenclaimedthatSwisspeoplecanplaythealphorn.Thiswouldbeastereotype!ThisisanoverstatedimageoftheSwisswhichisbasedononetourist’sexperience.If,however,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.ThisisbecauseitisapatternofbehaviourwhichisverytypicalinSwitzerland:fromtheirtransportsystemtotheirbusinessmeetings.Inthisway,somepeoplearguethatgeneralizinganothercultureisnotjustuseful,butimportant.Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffenceinthosecultures.However,othersarguethatgeneralizingcultureswillalwaysleadtooffensivestereotypes.Theyarguethatthebestthingwecandoistostopgeneralizingculturesandstarttreatingpeopleasindividuals.Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?31.Whenhesaid,“It’slike,‘thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly…tomorrow’”,JeremyClarksonreallymeant________.A.thestereotypesoftheGermansandtheIrisharenotsogoodB.thecombinationofhalfGermanandhalfIrishisinterestingC.thecharacteristicsoftheGermansandtheIrishareoppositeD.theGermanswilldoitperfectlytomorrowwhiletheIrishwon’t32.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheSwisscanplaythealphornquitewell.B.TheIrishpeopleareconsideredaslazy,directandcasual.C.TheGermansarethoughttobeefficient,friendlyanddirect.D.TheSwisstendtoarriveontimeonvariousoccasions.33.Politiciansthinkitimportanttogeneralizeanotherculturebecause________.A.theydon’twanttooffendotherpeopleB.generalizingwillleadtooffensivestereotypesC.culturalcharacteristicsarebetterthanstereotypesD.theythinkdifferentculturalcharacteristicsareuseful34.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.illustratetheimportanceofmakinggeneralizationsB.showitiswrongtoplayjokesonstereotypesofdifferentpeopleC.tellusthedifferencesbetweenstereotypesandculturalcharacteristicsD.discusswhetheritisgoodtomakegeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeople【答案】31.C32.D33.A34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’squiteastrangecombination.It’slike,‘thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly…tomorrow’(那是一个相当奇怪的组合。‘这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天’)”和第二段“ThisjokeplayedonstereotypesoftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.(这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If,however,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.ThisisbecauseitisapatternofbehaviourwhichisverytypicalinSwitzerland:fromtheirtransportsystemtotheirbusinessmeetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被视为一种文化特征。这是因为这是一种在瑞士非常典型的行为模式:从他们的交通系统到他们的商务会议)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征，所以瑞士人往往在各种场合都准时到达。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffenceinthosecultures.(政治家总是要注意不同国家的文化特点。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免冒犯那些文化)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?(所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，即讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emotionsinterferewithourdecision-making,oratleastthatisthethinking:emotionalpeopleseemtodoirrationalthings.Apersonfullofangermightcommitacrimeofpassion.Amaninlovemaydothingsthatcompromisehiswell-being.Surely,thisisevidenceagainstemotion’srationality(理性).___35___Emotionsarenotonlycompatible(相容的)withrationality,theycanalsohelpusmakebetterchoices.BabaShiv,professorofmarketingatStanfordUniversity,writesthat“ifemotionswereirrelevant,wewouldhaveevolvedverydifferently”.Sincewehaveemotions,wemustwonderwhyandhowtheyhelpus,insteadoftryingtoeliminatethem.___36___Thetruthisthatemotionsandreasonarenotinconflict.Emotionsarerational.Theyinvolvejudgements.Forexample,beingangryinvolvesjudgingthatawrongdoinghasoccurred.Thatisarationalactivity.Emotionsalsocontributetoourunderstanding.___37___Butemotionsalsogiveusareasontoact.Fear,forexample,givesusareasontoescapeasituation.Anticipationofregretprovidesareasontoavoidexcessiverisk-taking.Emotionscanalsohelpwithdecision-making.AccordingtoShiv,theemotionalbrainmakeslightning-fastassessmentsbasedonpastexperiences,perceptionsofthesituation,andotherfactorsthatsupportourinstincts.Thisenablesefficientchoices.___38___Canwedoanythingtopreventouremotionsfromnegativelyimpactingourdecision-making:Seobelievesso,suggestingwaystoreducetheunwantedeffectsofemotionsonourdecision-making.Forexample,ifsadnessmakesusmakepoordecisionswithourmoneybybeingreckless(鲁莽的)aboutspending,wemightreplaceitwithgratitude.Thisfeelingmighthelpusmakeabetter,moremoderatedecision.Humanshavereasonandemotions.___39___Italsopreventsusfromusingouremotionstohelpusmakebetterdecisions.F