大学英语六级模拟试卷353

大学英语六级模拟试卷353

一、作文（本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。）

1、Directions:Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositionwiththe

titleofAHarmoniousCyberspace,givinganintroductionoftheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofthecyberspace,andsomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:[*]

标准答案：AHarmoniousCyberspaceTheadventoftheInternetusheredinanewera

ofinterpersonalcommunicationsandbusinessoperations.Itprovidesavehiclefor

netizenstoshop,search,publishblogsandbrowseWebpages.Arangeofproblems

lurkingbehindthefrenzyofInternetimpressivelystandout.AvastmajorityofInternet

users'mailboxesaresaturatedwithjunkmails.Pomwebsiteslureagrowingnumberof

youngpeople'svisits.Falsenewsviathee-mail,BBSandchatroomincreasinglyposesa

threatto（hesocialprosperityandstability.Tocrackthemdown,weshouldpushfora

moreeffectivelytoughlaw.Weshouldjoinourforces（olaunchanation-widecampaign,

includingimposingstiffpenaltiesonspammers,shuttingdownorblockingtheunhealthy

sitesandintroducingareal-nameregistrationsystemtogetridoffalsemessages.Wecan

fullybelieve（hatourcombinedeffortswillreaprewards.Acleancyberspacewillpaint

ourlivesmorecolorfully.

知识点解析：哲无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题分，共10

分。）

Television:TheCyclopsThatEatsBooksWhatisdestroyingAmericatodayisnotthe

liberalbreedofpoliticians,ortheInternationalMonetaryFundbankers,misguided

educationalelite,ortheWorldCouncilofChurches.Thesearelargelysymptomsofa

greaterdisorder.Butifthereisanysingleinstitutiontoblame,itistelevision.Television,

infact,hasgreaterpoweroverthelivesofmostAmericansthananyeducationalsystem

orgovernmentorchurch.Childrenparticularlyarceasilyinfluenced.Theyarcfascinated,

hypnotized（着迷的）andtranquilizedbyTV.Itisoftenthecenteroftheirworld.Even

whenthesetisturnedoff,theycontinuetotellstoriesaboutwhatthey'veseenonit.No

wonder,then,thatwhentheygrowuptheyarenotpreparedfbrthefrontlineoflife;they

simplyhavenomentaldefensestoconfronttherealityoftheworld.TheTruthAboutTV

OneofthemostdisturbingtruthsaboutTVisthatitcatsbooks.Onceoutofschool,

nearly60%ofalladultAmericanshaveneverreadasinglehook,andmostoftherest

readonlyonebookayear.AlvinKernan,authorofTheDeathofLiterature,saysthat

readingbooks"isceasingtobetheprimarywayofknowingsomethinginoursociety.”

Healsopointsout（hatbachelor'sdegreesinEnglishliteraturehavedeclinedby33%in

thelasttwentyyears.Americanlibraries,headds,areincrisis,withfewpatronsio

supportthem.Thousandsofteachersattheelementary,secondaryandcollegelevelscan

testifythattheirstudents'writingexhibitsatendencytowardssuperficially（肤浅）thal

wasn'tseen,say,tenorfifteenyearsago.1（showsupnotonlyinthestudents'lackof

analyticalskillsbutintheirpoorcommandofgrammarandrhetoric.Themechanicsof

theEnglishlanguagehavebeentorturedtopiecesbyTV.Visual,movingimagescan'tbe

heldinthenetofcarefullanguage.Theywanttobreakout.Theyreallyhavenothingto

dowithlanguage.Solanguage,grammarandrhetorichavebecomefractured.Recent

surveysbydozensoforganizationsalsosuggestthatupto40%oftheAmericanpublicis

functionallyilliterate.Theproblemisn'tjustinourschoolsorinthewayreadingis

taught.TVteachespeoplenottorcan.Itmakesthemincapableofengaginginanartthat

isnowperceivedasstrenuous（费力的）andactive.Passiveasitla,televisionhasinvaded

ourculturesocompletelythatyouseeitseffectsineveryquarter,evenintheliterary

world.Itshowsupmsupermarketpaperbacks,fromStephenKingtopulp.fiction（低俗

小说）.ThesearcreallyformsofverbalTV-literaturethatissosuperficialthatthosewho

readitcanrevel,inthesamesensationstheyexperiencewhentheyarcwatchingTV.

Evenmoreimportantly,thegrowinginfluenceoftelevision-haschangedpeople'shabits

andvaluesandaffectedtheirassumptionsabouttheworld.Thesortofreflective,critical

andvalue-ladenthinkingencouragedbycookshasbeenrenderedoutofdate.The

CyclopsInthiscontext,wewoulddowelltorecalltheCyclops（独眼巨人）raceof

onc-cycdgiantsinGreekmyth.ThefollowingisHamiltorfsdescriptionoftheencounter

betweentheadventurerOdysseusandPolyphemus,aCyclops.AsOdysseuswasonhis

wayhome,heandhiscrewfoundPolyphemus'cave.Theystayedinitasashelterand

waitedfortheownertocomeback.Atlasthecame,hideousandhuge,tallasagreat

mountaincrag.Drivinghisflockbeforehimheenteredandclosedtheeave'smouthwith

aponderousslabofstone.Thenlookingaroundhecaughtsightof（hestrangers.He

roaredoutandstretchedouthismightyarmsandineachgreathandseizedoneofthe

menanddashedhisbrainsouton（heground.Slowlyhefeastedoffthemtothelastshred,

andthen,satisfied,stretchedhimselfoutacrossthecavernandslept.Hewassafefrom

attack.Nonebuthecouldrollbackthehugestonebeforethedoor,andifthehorrified

menhadbeenabletosummoncourageandstrengthenoughtokillhimtheywouldhave

beenimprisonedthereforever.WhatIfindparticularlyappropriateaboutthismythasit

appliestodayisthatfirst,theCyclopsimprisonsthesemenindarkness,andthat,second,

hebeatstheirbrainsoutbeforehedevoursthem.1（doesn'tlakemuchimaginationto

applythistotheeffectsofTVonusandourchildren.TV'sEffectonLearningQuite

literally,TVaffectsthewaypeoplethink.InFourArgumentsfortheEliminationof

Television（1378）,JerryMandcrquotesfromtheEmeryReportthatwhenwcwatch

television"ourusualprocessesofthinkinganddiscernment（识另lj能力）aresemi­

functionalatbest."Thestudyalsoarguesthatwhiletelevisionappearstohavethe

potentialtoprovideusefulinformationtoviewers,thetechnologyoftelevisionandthe

inherentnatureoftheviewingexperienceactuallyinhibitlearningasweusuallythinkof

it.WhenwcwatchTVwcthinkwcarclookingatapicture,oranimageofsomething,

hutwhatwearcactuallyseeingisthousandsofdotsoflightblinkingonandoffina

strobe（屏闪）effectthatiscalculatedtohappenrapidlyenoughtokeepusfrom

recognizingthephenomenon.Morethanadecadeago,Manderandotherspointedto

instancesof"TVepilepsy(癫痫症)inwhichthosewatchingthisstrobeeffect

overextendedtheircapacities,andtheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinerecently

honoredthisafilictionwithamedicalclassification:videogameepilepsy.Shadowson

theScreenTelevisionalso(eachesthatpeoplearen'tquitereal;theyareimagesorlittle

beingswhomoveinamediumnothickerthanasliverofglass.Unfortunately,the

tendencyistostartthinkingoftheminthewaychildrenthinkwhentheyseetoomany

cartoons,thatpeoplearemerelyobjectsthatcanbedestroyed.Orthatcanfalloveracliff

andbesmashedtopiecesandpickthemselvesupagain.Thisviolenceofcartoonshasno

basisinreality.Actualpeoplearen'timagesbutsubstantial,physical,corporealbeings

withsouls.And,ofcourse,theviolenceontelevisionleadsloviolence.TV：EatingOut

OurSubstanceTVeatsbooks.Iteatsacademicskills.Iteatspositivecharactertraits.It

eveneatsfamilyrelationships.Howmanyfamiliesdoyouknowthatspendthedinner

hourinfrontoftheTV,seldomcommunicatingwithoneanotlier?Howmanyhavea

televisiononwhiletheyhavebreakfastorprepareforworkorschool?Andwhatabout

school?I'veheardcollegeprofessorssayoftheirstudents,"Well,youhavetoentertain

them."OneIknowrecommendsusingTVandfilmclipsinsteadoflecturing,"throwing

inacommercialeverytenminutesorsotokeepthemawake."Ateachershouldteach.

ButTVcatstheprinciplesofpeoplewhoarcsupposedtoberesponsible,transforming

themintopassiveservantsoftheCyclops.TVeatsoursubstance.Whatwesee,hear,

touch,smell,feelandunderstandabout(heworldhasbeenprocessedforus.TVteaches

(hatalllife-stylesandallvaluesareequal,andthatthereisnoclearlydefinedrightand

wrong.Muggeridgeconcluded:"Thereisadangerintranslatinglifeintoanimage,and

thatiswhattelevisionisdoing.Indoingit,Itisfalsifying(窜改)lifc.Farfromthe

camera'sbeinganaccuraterecorderofwhatisgoingon,itistheexactopposite,itcannot

conveyreality,nordoesitevenwantto."

2、Televisiondoesn'thelpbuildupmentaldefensesforpeopleto.

A、dealwithviolence

B、faceasharpcompetition

C、competewithrivals

D^confronttherealityof(heworld

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第二段指出孩子们最容易受电视的影响，他们成年之后对生活的

现实缺乏心理防御。根据原文“Nowonder,then,thatwhentheygrowuptheyare

notpreparedforthefrontlineoflife：theysimplyhavenomentaldefensestoconfront

(herealityoftheworld.”可知本题正确答案为D项。

3、TelevisionistheEnglishlanguage.

A、destroying

B、diffusing

C、purifying

D、standardizing

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：“TheTrulhAboutTV”部分第二段指出电视对语言的影响：“The

mechanicsoftheEnglishlanguagehavebeentorturedtopiecesbyTV.Visual,moving

imagescan"beheldinthenetofcarefullanguage.Theywanttobreakout.They

reallyhavenothingtodowithlanguage.Solanguage,grammarandrhetorichave

becomefractured.作者认为电视把英语语言结构都分解成了碎片。语言、语法

和修辞都支离破碎。因此，电视破坏了英语语言。故本题正确答案为A项。

4、Televisionhasonpeople'scharacter.

A、apositiveeffect

B、anegativeeffect

C^noeffect

D^sbeneficialeffect

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由“TheTruthAboutTV”部分第五段第一句"Evenmoreimportantly,

thegrowinginfluenceoftelevisionhaschangedpeople'shabitsandvaluesandaffected

theirassumptionsabouttheworld.”可知电视改变人们的习惯和价值观，影响人们对

世界的看法。由“TV：EalingOulOurSubstance”部分第一段第三句"Itealspositive

charactertraits.”可知电视对人的性格是有影响的，而且有的只是负面影响。故本

题正确答案为B项。

5、OneofthemostdisturbingtruthsaboutTVisthatitmakesreadingbooksceasetobe

inoursociety.

A^(hemostpopularrecreation

B、theonlymethodofacquiringliteracy

C、theprimarywayofgettinginformation

D、(hefinancialresources

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由“TheTruthAboutTV”部分笫一段"Oneofthemostdisturbingtruths

aboutTVisthatiteatsbooks.Onceoutofschool,nearly60%ofalladultAmericans

haveneverreadasinglebook,andmostoftherestreadonlyonebookayear.Alvin

Kernan，authorofTheDeathofLiterature*saysthatreadingbooksisceasingtobethe

primarywayofknowingsomethinginoursociety.”可知电视的出现使读书不再是获

取信息、了解事物的主要方法了。故本题正确答案为C项。

6、Televisionhasinvadedourculturesocompletelythatthatitevenhaseffecton

A^theliteraryworld

B>foreigncountries

C、thehighly-educatedpeople

D^thosewhodon'twatchTVatall

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由“TheTruthAboutTV”部分第四段第一句"Passiveasitis,television

hasinvadedourculturesocompletelythatyouseeitseffectsineveryquarter,evenin

iheliteraryworld.”可知尽管电视是一种被动的娱乐，它彻底地侵入了我们的文

化，甚至影响了文学界。可见本题正确答案为A项。

7、TelevisioniscomparedtotheCyclopsbecause.

A、itdeprivesusofourthinkingabilitybeforedestroyingus

B、itisalsoenormousinsize

C、itisascruelastheone-eyedgiant

D^bothTVandtheCyclopsdoharmToourchildren

标准答案：A

知识点解析:rtT'TheCyclops”部分第三段“WhatIfindparticularlyappropriateabout

thismythasitappliestodayisthatfirst>theCyclopsimprisonsthesemenindarkness,

andthat,second,hebeatstheirbrainsoutbeforehedevoursthem.Itdoesn'ttake

muchimaginationtoapplythistotheeffectsofTVonusandourchildren.”可知作者

认为只要梢具想象力我们就可以看出电视和独眼巨人在这方面的相似之处。言下之

意，电视也是先让我们失丧失思考能力，再彻底毁灭我们。故本题正确答案为A

项。

8、Intranslatinglifeintoanimage,televisionislife.

A^recording

B、imitating

C、creating

D^falsifying

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“TV：EatingOutOurSubstance”部分最后一段中Muggeridge对电视

做了总结：“Thereisadangerintranslatinglifeintoanimage>andthatiswhat

televisionisdoing.Indoingit,itisfalsifyinglife.Farfromthecamera'sbeingan

accuraterecorderofwhatisgoingon,itistheexactopposite.Itcannotconvey

reality,nordocsitevenwantto.”可见在把生活转窥成图像的过程中，电视窜改了

生活，并非真实地记录了生活。故本题正确答案为D项。

9、WhenwewatchTV.ouraresemi-functionalatbest.

标准答案：processesofthinkinganddiscernment

知以点解析：由“TV'sEffectonLearning”部分第一句”...whenwcwatchtelevision

ourusualprocessesofthinkinganddiscernmentaresemi-functionalatbest.“可知人们

看电视的时候，他们的思维能力和识别能力最多起一半作用。故此题答案为

“processesofthinkinganddiscernment”。

10、WhenchildrenseeTOOmanycartoonstheymayrcgarcpeopleasinstead

ofsubstantial,physical,corporealbeingswithsouls.

标准答案：(merely)objectsthatcanbedestroyed

知识点解析：由“ShadowsontheScreen”部分第二句"Unfortunately,thetendencyis

tostartthinkingoftheminthewaychildrenthinkwhentheysectoomanycartoons：that

peoplearemerelyobjectsIha:canbedestroyed.”可见孩子们看多了卡通片会把人看

作可以随意毁灭的物体。故此题答案为“(merely)objectsthatcanbedestroyed”。

11Itisstatedintheconclusionthatbytranslatinglifeinto,televisionis

falsifyinglife.

标准答案：animage

知识点解析：由文章最后一部分“TV：EalingOutOurSubstance”中第四段第一句

“Muggcridgcconcluded：'Thereisadangerintranslatinglifeintoanimage,andthat

iswhattelevisionisdoing.Indoingit,itisfalsifyinglife.可知正确答案为“an

image”。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Thetransportationfarthetripisfree.

B、Theclassdidn'tenjoygoingonthefieldtrip.

C、Somepeoplemaynotgoonthetrip.

D、Alloftheclassmembersnavepaidthefee.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Takealotofmoney.

B、Gotoadifferentrestaurant.

C^Don'tinviteJohn.

D、Weardifferentclothes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Theydidn'thaveggoodtalk.

B、Theydecidedtogobyplane.

C、Theyweren'tabletotakeawalk.

D、Theytalkedaboutgeology.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Shedoesn'tneedanumbrella.

B、Sheleftherumbrellainthecar.

C、Shecanholdherumbrellaovertheman'shead.

D^She'stheonlyonewhodoesn'thaveanumbrella.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Hewouldsendapostcardifhewentaway.

B、Hewouldbeable（otakeavacation.

C、Hehadalreadygonebacktowork.

D^Hedidn'twanttogotoFlorida.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、ThemanwantstomovetoSanFrancisco,butthewomandoesn'tagree.

B、Themanthinksit'stoocoldtomovetoSanFrancisco.

C、Thewomanagreeswiththeman'sidea.

D^Thewomandoesn'twanttomovebecausethechildrenwillhavenofun.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A^Togotothemovies.

B、Togooutforlunch.

C、Tolookinthenewspaper.

D^Toaskforinformation.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A^Studyinaquietplace.

B、Improvehergradesgradually.

C、Changetheconditionsofherdorm.

D、Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginherdorm.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A^Teacherandstudent.

B、Managerandguest.

C、Receptionistandguest.

D^Friends.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Oneweek.

B、Twoweeks.

C、Threedays.

D^Seventeendays.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Callroomservice.

B、Come(othereceptiondesk.

C^BothA)andB).

D、Gotothecanteen.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话(含4小题)(本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。)

23、

A、Thesizeisverysmall

B、Professorsdothepresentationinlectureclasses.

C、Studentscan'taskquestions.

D^Studentsshouldbeveryactiveinlectureclasses.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Alotofpreparationisneeded.

B、Thesizeisverybig.

C、Professorsarealwaysabsent.

D^Studentssitaroundabig(able.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A^Itissmaller.

B、Theclassroomatmosphereiswarmer.

C、Studentscan'taskquestions.

D、Studentsdon'tneedtostandupwhentheclassbegins.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A^Morethan100students.

B、About50students.

C、About200students.

D、8to10students.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Yourfirstimpressionontheinterviewer.

B、Yourjobskillqualificationsandbackground.

C、Yourcommunicationskills.

D、Yourattitude.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A^Tohaveanintimatetalkwithyou.

B、Toknowyouasaperson.

C、Toconfirmyourqualifications.

D^Toknowmoreaboutyourfamilybackground.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A^Theinterviewusuallylastabouthalfanhour.

B、Yourappearanceandyourcommunicationskillscountapproximatelythesame

duringtheinterview.

C、Youarerequestedtosubmitallyourbackgroundinformationduringtheinterview.

D^Employerscompareyourinformationwiththatofotherapplicantsbeforethe

interview.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A、Around1930.

B、Around1940.

C、Around1950.

D^Around1960.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Thereisnotenoughfinancialsupportfromthegovernment.

B、Therearemoreretireestakingmoneyoutofthesystem,andnotenoughadditional

workerstosupportthem.

C、Moreandmorepeoplerefusetopaytheirincometaxes.

D、Theeconomicgrowthhasbeensloweddown.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、FewerretireeswillbeentitledtoreceiveSocialSecurity.

B、Payrolltaxesmaybeincreased.

C、YoungerWorkerscansavesomeoftheirpayrolltaxesinapersonalaccount.

D^BeneficiarieswillreceivelessmoneyfromtheSocialSecurity.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A、Theycaneasilylearnquitelongpoemsbyheart.

B、Theycanrememberlongstorybyheart.

C、Theycanrememberalmosteverythingtheyhaveread.

D、Theycanrememberthingstheyhaveonlyreadonce.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、Becausetheyaretoosmalltounderstandtherules.

B、Becausetheyareabsentminded.

C、Becausetheyhavesolittletimeforit.

D、Becausetheyarenotinterestedinit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A^Acamera.

B、Afilm.

C、Photo.

D、Picture.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Time.

B、Memory.

C、Habit.

D、Text-book.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、听力复合式听写(本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。)

Hewasafunny-lookingmanwithacheerfulface,good-naturedandagreattalker.He

was[Bl]byhisstudent,thegreatphilosopherPlato,as"thebestandmostjust

andwisestman."Yetthissamemanwas[B2]todeathforhisbeliefsbyajury

composedof(heleadingfiguresofthetimeinAthens.ThemanwastheGreek

philosopherSocrates,andhewasputtodeathfbrnotbelievingintherecognizedgods

andfor[B3]youngpeople.Thesecondchargesteamedfromhis[B4]

withnumerousyoungmenwhocametoAthensfromalloverthe[B5]worldto

studyunderhim.Socrates'smethodofteachingwas(oaskquestionsand,by[B6]

nottoknowtheanswers,to[B7]hisstudentsintothinkingfor

themselves.Histeachingshad[B8]influenceonallthegreatGreekandRoman

schoolsofphilosophy.Yetforallhisfameandinfluence,Socrateshimselfneverwrotea

word.Socrates[B9]inAthens.Theywantedhimsilenced.Yetmanywere

probablysurprisedthatheaccepteddeathsoreadily.Socrates[BIO].But

Socrates,asafirmbelieverinlaw,reasonedthatitwaspropertosubmittothedeath

sentence.[Bl1].

37、[Bl]

标准答案：described

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：condemned

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：corrupting

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：association

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B5]

标准答案：civilized

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：pretending

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：press

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、（B81

标准答案：unsurpassed

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案：encouragednewideasandfreethinkingintheyoung,andthiswas

frighteningtotheconservatives

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：hadtherighttoaskforalessseverepenalty,andheprobablycouldhave

persuadedthejurytochangetheverdict

知识点解析：哲无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Sohecalmlyacceptedhisfateanddrankacupofpoisoninthepresenceof

hisgrief-strickenfriendsandstudents

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共加题，每题

分，共70分。）

Unlikethescientist,theengineerisnotfreetoselecttheproblemwhichinterestshim：

hemustsolvetheproblemsas（heyarise,andhissolutionsmustsatisfyconflicting

requirements.Typically,theengineeringsolutiontomostproblemsmust（akeinto

accountmanyfactors.Totheengineer,efficiencymeansoutputdividedbyinput.Hisjob

istosecureamaximumoutputforagiveninputortosecureagivenoutputwitha

minimuminput.Theratiomaybeexpressedintermsofenergy,materials,money,time,

orman.Mostcommonlythedenominator（分母）ismoney；infact,mostengineering

problemsareansweredultimatelyindollarsandcents.Theemphasisonefficiencyleads

（o（helarge,complexoperationswhicharecharacteristicofengineering.Theprocessing

ofthenewantibioticandvaccinesinthetest-lubestagebelongsinthefieldof

biochemistry,butwhengreatquantitiesmustbeproducedatlowcost,itbecomesan

engineeringproblem.Itisthedesireforefficiencyandeconomythatdistinguishes

ceramicengineeringfromtheworkofthepotter,textileengineeringfromweaving,and

agriculturalengineeringfromfanning.Sinceoutputequalsinputminuslosses,the

engineermustkeeplossesandwastetoaminimum.Onewayistodevelopusesfor

productswhichotherwisewouldbewaste.Theworkofthechemicalengineerinutilizing

successivelygreaterfractionsofrawmaterialssuchascrudeoiliswellknown.Losses

duetofrictionoccurineverymachineandineveryorganization.Efficientfunctioning

dependsongooddesign,carefulattentiontooperatingdifficulties,andlubricationof

roughspots,whethertheyaremechanicalorpersonal.Therawmaterialswithwhich

engineersworkareseldomfoundinusefulforms.Engineeringofthehighesttypeis

requiredtoconceive,design,andachievetheconversionoftheenergyofaturbulent

mountainstreamintothepowerfultorque（转矩）ofanelectricmotorahundredmiles

away.Similarlymanyengineeringoperationsarcrequiredtochangethesandsofthe

seashoreintothepreciselenseswhichpermitustoobservetheminutebacteriainadrop

ofwaterandstudyagiantmassofstarsinouterspace.

48、Whatmightbeinferredaboutthescientistfromthesentencesatthebeginningofthe

text?

A^Hemustchoosethelong-termsolutiontoaproblem.

B、Hemaystudytheproblemhehasaninterestin.

C、Hecanavoidtheconflictbetweenworkandpleasure.

D、Heshouldbefamiliarwithsomeengineeringproblems.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。第一段第一句话“Unlikethescientist,theengineerisnotfree

toselecttheproblemwhichinterestshim”反过来说就是：“Unliketheengineer,the

scientistisfreetoselecttheproblemwhichinterestshim.故正确答案为B项。

49Inthesecondparagraph,theword"ratio"refersto.

A^minimuminputdividedbymaximumoutput

B、giveninputdividedbymaximumoutput

C、outputdividedbyinput

D、moneydividedbyoutput

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词义推断题。由上下文.efficiencymeansoutputdividedby

input...Theratiomaybeexpressedintermsof...”可以看出ratio（比率）即“投

入和产出比“，故正确答案为C项。

50、Accordingtothepassage,theprocessingofthenewantibioticandvaccinesbecomes

anengineeringproblemwhen.

A、itinvolvesthelow-costproductionoflargequantities

B、theseitemsoriginateintheworkofbiochemistry

C、peopleareengagedinsafeoperationsinthetest-tubestage

D、businessagentsuseefficientmethodstomarkettheseitems

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节选择题。由第三段第二句"Theprocessingofthenewantibioticand

vaccinesinthetest-tubestagebelongsinthefieldofbiochemistry,butwhengreat

quantitiesmustbeproducedatlowcost,itbecomesanengineeringproblem”可知正确

答案为A项。

51、Whichofthefollowingcanbebestansweredbytheinformationaboutthereduction

oflossesandwasteinengineering?

A^Whendolossesandwastesoarinamachine?

B、Whyistheworkofthechemicalengineerimportanttooilrefining?

C、Howdoestheengineerachievethegooddesignofaproduct?

Whatareessentialfortheefficientfunctioningofamachine?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：意义理解题。由第四段第一句"Sinceoutputequalsinputminus

losses...”可知控制loss和waste,则output增加，贝ijratio=output/input值增

大，效率提高。第四段后半部分也提到“Efficientfunctioningdependsongood

design,carefulattentiontooperatingdifficulties,andlubricationofroughspols"，即

效率取决于好的设计、摩擦减少等，也就是控制loss和waste,故正确答案为D

项。

52、Theorganizationofthelastparagraphcanbebestdescribedas.

A^followingthetimeorder

B、fromspecifictogeneral

C、causeandeffect

D、statementandexamples

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由最后一段“Therawmaterialswithwhichengineersworkareseldom

foundinusefulforms.Engineeringofthehighesttypeisrequiredtoconceive,

design,andachievetheconversionoftheenergy

of...into...Similarly...changethesandsinto...”可知,工程就是把

看似无用的原材料转变为加人类有用的东西。然后举例说明，比如让山间急流转动

百里外的发电机，把海滩沙砾变成望远镜观察太空等。

Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100

females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-ycar-

oldstherearctwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityis

beingchanged.Nowboybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,for

thefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyare

searchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeen

removed.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)surviving

dependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.

Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchof(hevaria:ionisduetogenes,one

moreagentofevolutionhasgone.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:

stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptin

somereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberof

births,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesame

numberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornatural

selectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.The

countryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitesandpovertyfortheremainingtribal

peoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayeveryonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumber

ofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-niiddle-class

Indiancomparedwithothertribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;the

biologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittleph