2026年考研英语一全真冲刺模拟试卷与参考答案

2026年考研英语一全真冲刺模拟试卷与参考答案一、英语知识运用（共20题，每题0.5分，共10分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Manypeopleassumetheycanfunctionwellonlittlesleep,butresearchshowsthatchronicsleepdeprivationcan(1)_decision-making.Whenindividualsare(2)_ofadequaterest,thebrain'sprefrontalcortex,which(3)_judgmentandimpulsecontrol,becomeslessactive.Asaresult,sleep-deprivedpeopletendto(4)_risksmoreheavilyandignorepotentialconsequences.Inonestudy,participantswhostayedawakefor24hourswere(5)_likelytochooseimmediaterewardsoverlong-termbenefits.Thereason,scientists(6),isthatlackofsleepincreasesthereleaseofdopamine,achemical(7)withpleasure-seekingbehavior.Thismakesriskyorindulgentchoicesmore(8)_.However,theeffectsarenotlimitedto(9)_decisions.Sleeplossalso(10)_memoryconsolidation,sofactslearnedduringthedaymaybeforgotten.Furthermore,(11)_sleepcanheightenemotionalreactivity,makingpeoplemorepronetoangerandanxiety.Inthelongterm,persistentsleeplossmay(12)_tocognitivedecline.Thegoodnewsisthattheseeffectsareoften(13)_:restoringnormalsleeppatternscanimproveboth(14)_andemotionalregulation.Expertsrecommendthatadults(15)_7to9hoursofsleeppernight.Theyalso(16)_avoidingscreensbeforebed,asbluelightsuppressesmelatonin,ahormonethat(17)_sleep.Forthosewhostruggletofallasleep,establishingaconsistentbedtimeroutinecanbe(18).Inshort,sleepshouldbe(19)asafoundationofhealth,notaluxury.Theevidenceisclear:(20)_sleep,bothmindandbodysuffer.1.A.impairB.enhanceC.stabilizeD.monitor答案A解析根据下文前额叶皮层活跃度下降可知，睡眠不足会损害决策能力，故选impair。2.A.deprivedB.accusedC.assuredD.convinced答案A解析bedeprivedof为固定搭配，意为“被剥夺……”。3.A.regulatesB.disruptsC.limitsD.evaluates答案A解析前额叶皮层调节判断力和冲动控制，regulates符合语境。4.A.underestimateB.overestimateC.ignoreD.calculate答案A解析睡眠不足者更容易低估风险，underestimaterisks为合理搭配。5.A.moreB.lessC.equallyD.barely答案A解析更可能选择即时奖励而非长期利益，故选more。6.A.suspectB.proveC.denyD.dispute答案A解析科学家推测原因，suspect表示“推测、认为”。7.A.associatedB.comparedC.chargedD.faced答案A解析beassociatedwith意为“与……相关”。8.A.attractiveB.repulsiveC.confusingD.logical答案A解析多巴胺释放使冒险或放纵的选择更有吸引力。9.A.personalB.trivialC.everydayD.ethical答案C解析下文提到记忆巩固等，说明影响不限于日常决策。10.A.enhancesB.impairsC.diversifiesD.simplifies答案B解析下文说明白天学的事实可能被遗忘，故睡眠不足损害记忆巩固。11.A.adequateB.insufficientC.prolongedD.interrupted答案B解析睡眠不足会加剧情绪反应，选insufficient。12.A.leadB.referC.objectD.stick答案A解析leadto意为“导致”。13.A.irreversibleB.reversibleC.beneficialD.inevitable答案B解析恢复睡眠可以改善认知和情绪，说明影响是可逆的。14.A.appetiteB.cognitionC.circulationD.digestion答案B解析与情绪调节并列，改善认知功能和情绪调节。15.A.getB.achieveC.requireD.surpass答案A解析get7to9hoursofsleep，表示“获得7到9小时睡眠”。16.A.advocateB.discourageC.forbidD.resist答案A解析advocatedoingsth.表示“提倡做某事”。17.A.stimulatesB.delaysC.regulatesD.suppresses答案C解析褪黑素是调节睡眠的激素，故选regulates。18.A.harmfulB.uselessC.beneficialD.difficult答案C解析建立规律就寝习惯是有益的。19.A.dismissedB.treatedC.regardedD.rejected答案C解析beregardedas意为“被视为”。20.A.WithoutB.DespiteC.GivenD.Through答案A解析没有睡眠，身心都会受损，withoutsleep符合语境。二、阅读理解（共30题，每题2分，共60分）PartA（共20题，每题2分，共40分）Text1Artificialintelligenceistransforminglabormarkets,butthepopularnarrativethatrobotswillsimplyreplacehumanworkersoverlooksamorecomplexreality.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatMITsuggeststhatAI-drivenautomationtendstodisplacecertaintaskswithinoccupationsratherthanentirejobs.Forexample,radiologistsmayspendlesstimescanningroutineimagesandmoretimeconsultingwithpatients,becausealgorithmscanquicklyflagsuspiciousareas.Similarly,legalresearcherscanrelyonnatural-languageprocessingtoreviewcontracts,freeingthemtofocusonstrategy.However,thebenefitsofAIarenotevenlydistributed.Workersinroutine-heavy,mid-skilloccupationssuchasclericalwork,bookkeeping,andassembly-linemanufacturingfacethegreatestriskofwagestagnationordisplacement.High-skillprofessionalswhocancomplementmachineintelligenceoftenseerisingproductivityandwages.Low-skill,non-routinejobs—likehomehealthaides—arelesslikelytobeautomated,buttheyalsoofferlimitedupwardmobility.Policymakersfaceachallenge:howtomanagethetransitionwithoutstiflinginnovation.Someeconomistsadvocateforwageinsuranceandportablebenefitstocushionworkerswhoswitchindustries.Otherscallforexpandingvocationaltrainingandcommunitycolleges,particularlyinfieldslikehealthcareandadvancedmanufacturing.Afewproposearobottax,thoughcriticsarguethattaxingcapitalcouldslowproductivitygrowthandpushfirmstorelocate.Ultimately,thefateofworkerswilldependlessontheexistenceofAIthanoninstitutionsthatshapeitsadoption.AstheMITresearchersconclude,"Thefutureisnotpredetermined;itisnegotiated."21.AccordingtotheMITstudy,AI-drivenautomationtendsto________.A.eliminateentireoccupationsB.replacehumanworkersinalltasksC.breakdownjobsintotasksanddisplacesomeD.havenoeffectonemployment答案C解析文中明确说AI取代的是职业中的某些任务，而不是整个职业。22.Theexampleofradiologistsisusedtoshowthat________.A.algorithmscanreplacedoctorscompletelyB.AImaychangethefocusofprofessionalworkC.routineimagescanningisworthlessD.patientspreferAIdiagnosis答案B23.WhichgroupismostvulnerabletoAIdisplacement?A.High-skillprofessionalsB.Low-skill,non-routineworkersC.Mid-skillworkersperformingroutinetasksD.Homehealthaides答案C24.Somecriticsofarobottaxarguethatitwould________.A.reducegovernmentrevenueB.slowproductivityanddrivefirmsabroadC.encourageinnovationD.increasewageequality答案B25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheimpactofAIonworkersis________.A.fatalisticB.optimisticC.deterministicD.cautiousbutnotdeterministic答案DText2Theglobalshifttowardrenewableenergyhasbeenslowerthanmanyclimateadvocateshoped,butitmaynowbeapproachingatippingpoint.Solarandwindpowerhavebecomecost-competitivewithfossilfuelsinmanyregions,andbatterystoragepriceshavefallenbynearly90%overthepastdecade.Yetthetransitionisnotmerelyaneconomicproblem;itisalsoapoliticalone.Countriesthatdependheavilyoncoal,oil,ornaturalgasexportsoftenresistinternationalclimateagreementsbecausetheirfiscalstabilityistiedtofossil-fuelrevenues.Oneproposedsolutionisa"justtransition"fund,whichwouldprovidefinancialsupporttofossil-fuel-dependentregions,retrainingworkersandinvestinginalternativeindustries.Proponentsarguethatsuchmeasuresreducepoliticalresistanceandprotectvulnerablecommunities.Skepticscounterthatpasttransitionprogramshavebeenunderfundedandpoorlymanaged,oftenfailingtocreatelastingemployment.Moreover,somedevelopingnationsfearthatgreenconditionsattachedtoloansmaylimittheirenergysovereignty.Asecondchallengeisgridreliability.Solarandwindareintermittent,andwithoutadequatestorageorflexiblebackup,blackoutsbecomemorelikely.Germany’sEnergiewende,forinstance,hasbeenpraisedforexpandingrenewablesbutcriticizedforhighelectricitypricesandcontinuedrelianceoncoalduringcalm,cloudyperiods.Breakthroughsinlong-durationstorage,suchasflowbatteriesandgreenhydrogen,couldresolvethis,buttheyremainexpensiveatscale.Finally,publicacceptancecannotbetakenforgranted.Insomeruralareas,windfarmsfaceoppositionoverlandscapeimpactsandnoise,whileurbanresidentsmayresisttransmissionlines.Effectivecommunityengagementandrevenue-sharingmodelscanreduceopposition,buttheyrequiretimeandtrustthatareofteninshortsupply.Thelessonfromcountriesthathavemadeprogressisthattheenergytransitionisnotasingleleapbutamessy,incrementalprocessshapedbylocalconditions.26.Accordingtothepassage,theslowertransitiontorenewableenergyismainlydueto________.A.technologicallimitationsB.economicandpoliticalfactorsC.lackofpublicawarenessD.insufficientwindandsolarresources答案B27.Thepurposeofa"justtransition"fundisto________.A.subsidizefossilfuelcompaniesB.helpfossil-fuel-dependentregionsadjustC.reduceelectricitypricesD.promotenuclearenergy答案B28.WhathasbeenacriticismofGermany’senergytransition?A.Ithasreliedtooheavilyonforeignoil.B.Ithascausedfrequentblackouts.C.Ithasledtohighpricesandcontinuedcoaluse.D.Ithasabandonedrenewabletargets.答案C29.Accordingtothepassage,publicoppositiontorenewableprojectscanbereducedby________.A.ignoringlocalconcernsB.offeringcompensationandinvolvingcommunitiesC.discouragingtransmissionlinesD.focusingonlyonurbanareas答案B30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sview?A.Renewableenergyisanunrealisticgoal.B.Theenergytransitioniscomplexandcontext-dependent.C.Marketforcesalonewillsolveclimatechange.D.Fossilfuelindustriesshouldbenationalized.答案BText3Fordecades,psychologistsassumedthatwillpowerwasalimitedresource:useitinthemorning,andyouhavelessintheafternoon.This"egodepletion"model,popularizedbyRoyBaumeister’sexperiments,suggestedthatself-controloperateslikeamusclethatcanbecomefatigued.Accordingly,manyschoolsandworkplacesdesignedschedulesaroundtheideathatdemandingtasksshouldbedoneearlyintheday.Butaseriesoflarge-scalereplicationeffortshascastdoubtontheegodepletioneffect.In2016,aregisteredreplicationinvolving23laboratoriesandmorethan2,000participantsfoundlittleevidencethatabriefself-controltaskreducedperformanceonasubsequenttask.Someresearchersbelievetheoriginalfindingswereinflatedbysmallsamplesandselectivereporting.Othersarguethattheeffectmayexistonlyundercertainconditions—suchaswhenpeoplestronglybelievethatwillpowerislimited.Indeed,emergingresearchsuggeststhatbeliefsaboutwillpowershapebehavior.Individualswhoviewself-controlasafiniteresourcearemorelikelytoexperiencefatigueafterdemandingtasks,whilethosewhoseeitasrenewableshowmoreconsistentperformance.Thishasledtoashiftawayfromthemusclemetaphortowardamotivationalaccount:peopleloseself-controlnotbecausetheyrunoutofaresource,butbecausetheybecomelessmotivatedtoexerteffortwhentheyfeelentitledtorest.Thepracticalimplicationsaresignificant.Ifwillpowerisnotstrictlydepletable,thenstructuringone’sdayaround"primehours"maybelessimportantthanmaintainingmotivationandavoidingexcuses.Still,sleep,nutrition,andstressundeniablyaffectself-regulatorycapacity,sothedebateisfarfromsettled.31.The"egodepletion"modelsuggeststhatself-control________.A.improveswithpracticeB.remainsstablethroughoutthedayC.becomesweakerafteruseD.isunrelatedtomotivation答案C32.The2016replicationstudyfound________.A.strongsupportforegodepletionB.littleevidenceofegodepletionC.increasedfatigueacrossallparticipantsD.self-controlimprovesafterrest答案B33.Accordingtothepassage,people’sbeliefsaboutwillpower________.A.havenoeffectonbehaviorB.caninfluencetheirexperienceoffatigueC.areunrelatedtoperformanceD.onlyaffectmorningtasks答案B34.Themotivationalaccountarguesthatself-controlfailuresoccurbecausepeople________.A.exhaustamentalresourceB.losemotivationandfeelentitledtorestC.lacksleepandnutritionD.havetoomuchstress答案B35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheegodepletionmodelis________.A.uncriticalacceptanceB.completerejectionC.skepticalbutopenD.dogmatic答案CText4HistoriansoftendescribetheIndustrialRevolutionasasharpbreakwiththepast,butrecentscholarshipemphasizescontinuityasmuchaschange.InBritain,theriseoffactoriesdidnotimmediatelydisplacehouseholdproduction;instead,thetwocoexistedfordecades.Manyearlyindustrialworkersmovedbetweenfarmandfactory,returningtotheirvillagesduringharvestseason.Thismixedeconomyallowedfamiliestohedgeagainsttherisksofindustrialemployment,whichwasoftenirregularandpoorlypaid.Thestandardnarrativealsooverstatestheroleofafewheroicinventors.Technologiessuchasthesteamenginewerenottheproductofisolatedgeniusbutemergedfromnetworksofartisans,investors,andnaturalphilosopherswhoexchangedideasinworkshops,coffeehouses,andscientificsocieties.Patents,ratherthanencouraginginnovation,sometimessloweditbyrestrictingtheuseofkeyimprovements.JamesWattspentyearsinlegalbattlestoenforcehispatents,andcriticsarguedthathismonopolydelayedthedevelopmentofhigh-pressuresteamengines.Similarly,thesocialcostsofindustrializationwereuneven.Childlabor,longhours,andpollutedcitiesshockedcontemporaryobservers,yetrealwagesformanyworkersroseslowlyoverthecourseofthenineteenthcentury.The"standardoflivingdebate"continuesbecauseevidenceismixed:whilefamilyincomeseventuallyincreased,workingconditionsandurbanhealthoftendeterioratedfirst.Industrializationwasneitherasimpletragedynorapuretriumph,butacomplexprocessthatreshapedsocietyincontradictoryways.36.Accordingtorecentscholarship,theIndustrialRevolution________.A.completelyreplacedhouseholdproductionimmediatelyB.waslessofasuddenbreakthanoftenassumedC.hadnoimpactonruralvillagesD.wasdrivenmainlybyheroicinventors答案B37.Theexampleofearlyindustrialworkersreturningtofarmsshowsthat________.A.factorywageswerehighB.householdproductionceasedquicklyC.factoryandfarmworkinitiallycoexistedD.agriculturewasmoreprofitablethanindustry答案C38.ThepassagesuggeststhatpatentsintheearlyIndustrialRevolution________.A.alwaysencouragedinnovationB.sometimeshinderedtechnologicalprogressC.protectedallinventorsequallyD.wererarelyenforced答案B39.Whatdoesthe"standardoflivingdebate"referto?A.Whetherindustrializationimprovedorworsenedpeople’slivesB.HowtomeasurefactoryoutputC.WhetherthefamilyincomeshouldbetaxedD.Whychildlaborwasabolished答案A40.Theauthor’soverallviewofindustrializationisthatitwas________.A.anunambiguousdisasterB.astraightforwardsuccessC.acomplexandcontradictoryprocessD.drivenbyafewgeniuses答案C三、新题型（共5题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面文章，从A-G七个选项中选出最适合填入41-45空白处的选项，其中有两项为多余选项。Readingacademicpapersisaskillthatrequiresdeliberatepractice.Manygraduatestudentsinitiallystrugglebecausetheyreadeverysentencewithequalattention,whichleadstoexhaustionandpoorcomprehension.Expertssuggestadifferentapproach.41._______________Beforereadingthefulltext,skimthetitle,abstract,introduction,andconclusion.Thiswillgiveyouamapoftheargumentandhelpyoudecidewhetherthepaperdeservesacloserreading.42._______________Asyouread,underlinetheresearchquestion,themainclaim,andtheevidence.Donothesitatetowritequestionsinthemargins.Activereadingimprovesretentionandmakesiteasiertosummarizethepaperlater.43._______________Acommonmistakeistoreadonlyrecentstudies.Inmanyfields,olderpapersprovideessentialcontextandtheoreticalfoundations.Combiningbothtypesmayrevealhowdebateshaveevolvedovertime.44._______________Afterfinishing,writeashortsummaryofthepaper’spurpose,method,andconclusions.Ifyoucannotexplainthepapertoaclassmateinafewsentences,youprobablyneedtorereadkeysections.45._______________Readingoneimportantpaperdeeplyisoftenmorevaluablethanskimmingadozenarticles.Setamanageablegoal,suchastwopapersperweek,andreflectonhoweachonecontributestoyourresearch.[A]Keepareadinglogandschedule[B]Readtheintroductionandconclusionfirst[C]Balancingclassicandrecentliterature[D]Discussthepaperwithcolleaguesorinajournalclub[E]Takenotesandannotateasyouread[F]Limitthenumberofpapersyouread[G]Writeaone-paragraphsummaryafterreading41.答案：B42.答案：E43.答案：C44.答案：G45.答案：F四、翻译（共5题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，将划线的五个句子翻译成中文。Theideathatscientificknowledgeissimplyamirrorofnaturehasbeenchallengedbyhistoriansandsociologists.(46)Theyarguethatwhatcountsasascientificfactisshapednotonlybyevidencebutalsobythesocialandhistoricalcontextinwhichresearchisconducted.(47)Laboratories,fundingagencies,andpeerreviewallinfluencewhichquestionsarepursuedandwhichfindingsareaccepted.(48)Forexample,atheorymaygainprominencenotbecauseitistheonlyplausibleexplanation,butbecauseitalignswiththeinterestsofinfluentialgroups.(49)Thisdoesnotmeanthatscientificresultsarearbitrary;rather,itsuggeststhattheprocessofproducingreliableknowledgeismorecomplexthancommonlyassumed.(50)Understandingthiscomplexityisessentialforanyonewhowishestoevaluatescientificclaimsinacriticallyinformedmanner.46.答案：他们认为，什么算作科学事实不仅取决于证据，还取决于研究开展所依托的社会和历史背景。47.答案：实验室、资助机构和同行评审都会影响哪些问题被研究、哪些发现被接受。48.答案：例如，一种理论可能获得突出地位，不是因为它只是唯一合理的解释，而是因为它与有影响力的群体的利益一致。49.答案：这并不意味着科学结果是任意的；相反，它表明生产可靠知识的过程比人们通常设想的更为复杂。50.答案：理解这种复杂性对于任何希望以批判性且有见识的方式评价科学主张的人来说至关重要。五、写作（共2题，PartA10分，PartB20分，共30分）PartA（共1题，10分）51.Directions:Supposeyouareagraduatestudentwhohasbeenusingtheuniversitylibrary.Writeanemailtothelibrarydirector,suggestingtwoorthreeimprovementstolibraryservices.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.答案DearDirector,Iam