高中英语课件Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

UNIT5

LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDSectionⅢ

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresRJ

必修第一册

内容索引高效课堂拾遗要点课时作业[核心词汇][重点句式]单元语法研透悟通当堂验收达标小测返回单元语法研透悟通限制性定语从句(2)[典句探究]1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.2．Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.3．Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.4．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.5．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.[我的发现]1．关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(句4)。2．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(句3)。3．关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(句1)。4．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作状语(句2、5)。地点状语时间状语原因状语状语一、关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,where,why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。(2026·浙江1月卷)IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstenteredourlibraryandwasimpressedbytherowsofclean,well-keptbooks.我仍记得初次踏入我们的图书馆时，那些整齐排列、保养得当的书籍给我留下了深刻印象。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。(2026·浙江1月卷)Thelibraryisaplacewhereweseekknowledgeandinspiration.图书馆是我们寻求知识与灵感的场所。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆除了。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。(2026·浙江1月卷)ThisisthereasonwhyIamcallingonallstudentstotreatourlibrarybookswithcare.正因如此，我呼吁全体学生爱护图书馆的书籍。即学即练❶单句语法填空①Hehaslostthekeytothedrawerwherethepapersarekept.②Therewasalongwaitatthereceptiondesk,whereeveryonewascheckingin.③IhavereachedapointinmycareerwhereIneedtodecidewhichwaytogo.④Gonearethedayswhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.⑤OneofthereasonswhyJanewasexcitedwasthatshepassedthedrivingtest.wherewherewherewhenwhy二、关系代词和关系副词的判断表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?(when作时间状语)你还记得我们彻夜聊天的那些日子吗？Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?(that或which作spent的宾语)你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.(why作原因状语)我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)我不会听你给我们的那个理由。即学即练❷单句语法填空①Thatwasthereasonwhyshedidn'tgototheparty.②Thatwasthereasonthat/whichshetoldmeyesterday.③I'llneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.④I'llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.⑤Ireturnedtothecitythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.⑥IreturnedtothecitywhereIwasbroughtuplastyear.whythat/whichwhenthat/whichthat/whichwhere三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”也可引导定语从句，在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。Istillrememberthedayonwhich(＝when)Ienteredprimaryschool.我仍然记得我上小学的那一天。Thisisthegyminwhich(＝where)theyusedtoworkout.这就是他们过去锻炼的体育馆。Canyoutellmethereasonforwhich(＝why)hegotangry?你能告诉我他生气的原因吗？2．在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用可根据下列三方面去考虑。(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词或系表结构中的形容词的搭配习惯。ThisisthelibraryfromwhichIoftenborrowbooks.这就是我经常借书的图书馆。(borrow…from…从……借……)YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor…因……而出名)(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withacamera用照相机)ThefarmonwhichIstayed10yearsagoismorebeautifulnow.我十年前待过的那个农场现在更美丽了。(onthefarm在农场)(3)根据句子的意思来选择。MycomputerwithoutwhichIcan'tsurftheInternetbrokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。(withoutwhich表示“没有……”)Thepenwithwhichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。(withwhich表示“使用……”)[名师点津]

①有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowstothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。②有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lookfor,lookafter,comeacross等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnotcome.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。ThegirlwhomIcameacrossinthestreetyesterdayisafriendofmine.我昨天在街上遇见的那个女孩是我的一个朋友。ThechancewhichIlongedforhascomeatlast.我盼望的机会终于来了。即学即练❸单句语法填空①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.②Thereasonforwhichshediditisthatshewouldn'tmakeherparentsfeeldisappointed.③ThatismyfriendtowhomIamgoingtopayavisit.④Wevisitedthecarfactoryinwhichmyuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.⑤IwanttobookaroomfromwhichIcanseethesea.

whomfortoinfrom高效课堂拾遗要点返回strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

n.难事[教材P64]WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle．当我开始学习德语时，那真是一件令人棘手的事情。核心词汇(1)astruggle一件困难的事情(2)strugglefor…

努力争取……；为……而斗争struggleagainst/with…

与……作斗争struggletodosth.努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来[语料积累]

Despitehisbadinjury,hestruggledtohisfeetandwentonrunning.(动作描写)尽管他受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站起来继续跑。即学即练

(1)单句语法填空/语块填空①Manyteenagerswillstruggletofind(find)asenseofbelonging.②Theysufferedaheavydroughtthisyear.Theyhadtostrugglefor(努力争取)aliving.(2)完成句子③卡尔深深地吸了一口气，努力控制自己的情绪。Carltookadeepbreath,strugglingtocontrolhisemotions．(动作描写)

tofindstruggleforstrugglingtocontrolhisemotions句型公式：the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…

越……，就越……[教材P64]Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。[句式分析]

本句使用了“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构，表示“越……，就越……”。重点句式(1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。(2)“themore…，theless…”意为“越……，越不……”。[名师点津]

“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级…”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。[语料积累]

Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.(告知信)你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。即学即练

(1)单句语法填空①Themorecarefulyouare,thefewer(few)mistakesyouwillmake.②Themorehepractices(practice),thebetterhewillspeakEnglish.③Theharderyouwork(work),themoreprogressyouwillmake.(2)完成句子④(2022·全国甲卷)参与的人越多，海洋环境就会越好。Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentis.(倡议书)thefewerpracticesworkThemorethebetter⑤(2026·浙江1月卷)我们对每一页的处理越细致，为所有人营造的学习环境就越丰富。Themorecarefullywehandleeachpage,thericherthelearningenvironmentbecomesforall.thericherthelearningenvironmentbecomes当堂验收达标小测返回Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子1．Ilovemynativetongue.Ifeelproudofit.→IlovemynativetongueofwhichIfeelproud.2．Shelikestheroomwithatable.Therearesomebananasonit.→Shelikestheroomwithatablewhere/onwhichtherearesomebananas.3．Iwillneverforgetthedays.Ispentthedayswithyourfamily.→Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentwithyourfamily.

IlovemynativetongueofwhichIfeelproud.Shelikestheroomwithatablewhere/onwhichtherearesomebananas.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentwithyourfamily.4．Therearefortystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearefortystudentsinourclasstwentyofwhomaregirls.5．We'llgotoseethefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalkedaboutthefamoussinger.→We'llgotoseethefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.Therearefortystudentsinourclasstwentyofwhomaregirls.We'llgotoseethefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2025·全国一卷)我选择这个主题的原因是它能让每个人参与其中。(why)ThereasonwhyIchoosethistopicisthatitallowseveryonetoparticipate.2．我强烈建议你多参加一些可以提高你沟通能力的活动。(where)Istronglysuggestyoushouldtakepartinmoreactivitieswhereyoucanimproveyourcommunicationskills．

whyIchoosethistopicwhereyoucanimproveyourcommunicationskills3．我还记得我们第一次去上海的那一天。(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenwewenttoShanghaiforthefirsttime．4．我们正在谈论的那个科学家出国了。(介词＋关系代词)Thescientistaboutwhomwearetalkinghasgoneabroad．5．尽管她害怕水，但她还是努力学习游泳。(struggle)Despiteherfearofwater,shestruggledtolearnswimming.whenwewenttoShanghaiforthefirsttimeaboutwhomwearetalkinghasgoneabroadstruggledtolearn课时作业34返回Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)1．Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.2．They'reinadifficultsituationwherealleffortsseemfutile.3．Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhavehadsomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.4．Thewomanto/withwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.5．Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory.

whenwherewhichto/withwhich6．AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.7．AsforthereasonwhyIlikeChengdubest,itmustbetheslowpaceoflife.8．Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreater(great)burdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.9．ThescientistshavenevergivenuptheirstruggleforabreakthroughinAIDSresearch.10．Frommypointofview,thesemeasuresareasignificantimprovementinviewofsafety.wherewhygreaterforFrominⅡ.用定语从句合并下列句子(每小题2分，满分10分)1．Themanisinthenextroom.Youaretalkingabouttheman.→Themanaboutwhomyouaretalkingisinthenextroom.2．Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Ispentmostofmychildhoodthere.→Myhometowninwhich/whereIspentmostofmychildhoodhastakenonanewlook.

3．Wepaidavisittothecoffeeshoplastsummer.Awriterwrotehisfamousbookinthecoffeeshop.→Lastsummerwepaidavisittothecoffeeshopinwhich/whereawriterwrotehisfamousbook．aboutwhomyouaretalkinginwhich/whereIspentmostofmychildhoodinwhich/whereawriterwrotehisfamousbook4．Hedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdayforthereason.Idon'tknowthereason.→Idon'tknowthereasonforwhich/whyhedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterday．5．Ijoinedtheorganisationonthatday.Iwillneverforgettheday.→Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedtheorganisation．forwhich/whyhedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdayonwhich/whenIjoinedtheorganisationⅢ.用适当的关系词补全语段(每小题1.5分，满分15分)TaitungisasmallcityinsoutheastTaiwan1.whereIgrewup.MyfamilymovedtherefromTaipeiinthesummer2.whenIwasborn.Thehousein3.whichIgrewupisonamainstreetinTaitung.Itwasanicehousewithabiggarden4.wheretherewerealotofniceflowers.Myfathersoldtea,andmymotherhadasmallrestaurant5.wheretherewerealwaysmanycustomers.Acousinofmine6.whosefamilyIvisitedeverysummerlivedwithus.Hewasanapprentice(学徒)7.who/whom/thatmyfatherwasteachingtheteabusinessto.Onthefirstfloorofourhousewehadahugekitchen8.whereweallgatheredfordinner.

wherewhenwhichwherewherewhosewho/whom/thatwhereIwillneverforgetthehappydays9.whenwewereeatingandtalkinghappily.Thebedroomswereupstairs.Mybrotherandmycousinsleptinonebedroom.Isleptinanother10.thatIsharedwithPolly，thesmartestbirdthatIhadeverseen.whenthatⅣ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分)“No！”That'sthewordwehearinthelatestcutebabyvideothatspreadsquickly.Butit'snotthewordsthatbabyOrlasaysthathavemadethisvideosopopular.It'sthefactthatherpronunciationclearlymimicsthatofLiverpoolinBritain,whichmakeshersoundmorelikelocalsinLiverpool.Thisnow-famousbabymayonlyhavebeenbornin2022,butthedifferentaccents(口音)ofbabieshavebeenexploredformanyyears.In2009ProfessorCarolineandherteamconductedastudy.TheycomparedFrenchbabieswithGermanbabiesandfoundthatFrenchbabiestendtocrywitharisingtone(声调),whileGermanbabies'criesoftenhaveafallingtone.TheyalsofoundAmericanandFrenchbabiesreflectsyllables(音节)fromEnglishandFrenchseparately,andthatbabieswithparentswhospeakatonallanguage,likeMandarin,haveagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.Sowhydoesthishappen?Aschildrendevelop,theypracticemakingthesoundsofthelanguagethattheyheararoundthem.It'snaturalthattheypickupsoundsandrhythmsaroundthem.Infact,babiesstarttolearnlanguagefromtheirmotheraboutthreemonthsbeforebirth.However,it'snotjustthelanguageofimmediatefamilyandcaregiversthathasanimpact.Caroline'sstudiesshowthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.Whatthestudiesalsoshowisthatbabiesarelearninglanguagethroughpractice,andthatthemoretimeparentsspendinteractingwiththeirchildren,thegreatertheopportunityforthemtolearn.Whilebabiesmaynotbeabletosaymanywords,studiesshowthattheycanunderstandmanytimesthenumberofwordsthattheycanactuallysay.Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿会模仿周围环境的语言口音这一现象，分析了其产生原因，并指出父母互动与词汇接触对婴儿语言学习的重要性。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimics”inparagraph1mean？(

)A．Corrects. B．Develops.C．Copies. D．Affects.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“It'sthefactthatherpronunciationclearlymimicsthatofLiverpoolinBritain,whichmakeshersoundmorelikelocalsinLiverpool.”可知，婴儿奥拉的口音听起来更像利物浦的当地人，因此“mimics”应表示“模仿、复制”的含义，与选项C“copies”意思一致。故选C。C2．HowdidCarolineprovethedifferentaccentsofbabies？(

)A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bypresentingopinions.C．Bydoingaquestionnairesurvey.D．Bydescribinganexperience.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In2009ProfessorCarolineandherteamconductedastudy…haveagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.”可知，Caroline教授通过对比研究证明婴儿存在不同口音。故选A。A3．Whatdoesparagraph3stress？(

)A．Homelanguage'sinfluenceonthegrowthofkids.B.Surroundings'roleinchildren'sacquiringaccents.C.Severalstagesofkids'languagedevelopment.D.Parents'specialmethodsofraisingchildren.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Caroline'sstudiesshowthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.”可知，该段重点强调孩子更倾向于习得所处环境的口音，而非父母的外地口音，核心是环境在孩子口音习得中的作用。故选B。B4．Accordingtotheresearch,whatisthemostimportantthingforbabiestolearnlanguagewell？(

)A.Startinglanguagepracticeatanearlyage.B．Parents'usinglanguageindailyroutines.C．Bornabilitytounderstandcomplexwords.D．Regularcommunicationandlanguagecontact.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Whatthestudiesalsoshowisthat…Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.”可知，研究表明婴儿通过实践学习语言，父母与孩子互动时间越长、让婴儿接触的词汇越多，孩子学习语言的机会就越多，也就是说持续的沟通互动与语言接触对于婴儿学习语言最重要。故选D。Ⅴ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)文章总览Thebenefits(益处)oflanguagelearningarewell-recorded.Learninganewlanguagecanimproveyourproblem-solvingskills,memoryfunctionandcreativethinking,tonamebutafew.1(____)HerearefourreasonstolearnChinese.

2(____)Withover1billionspeakers,youcanmeetnativeChinesespeakersallovertheworld.Chinesepeopleingeneralarewarmandwelcomingandtheywillthinkhighlyofyoureffortstolearntheirlanguage!

TheChineselanguageisadoortoanamazingculture.3(____)OrmaybeyoujustloveChinesefoodandwantanexcusetoeatmoreKungPaoChicken.SpeakingChineseopensthedoortoadeeperunderstandingof5，000yearsofChinesehistoryandculture.Chinesefluencycreatescountlesseconomicchances.China'seconomyhasdevelopedsomuchoverthepast40yearsthatitisnowoneoftheworld'slargesteconomicentities.4(____)FluencyintheChineselanguageputsyouseveralstepsaheadoftherestoftheworkforce.Infact,itisoftenarequirementforthosewhowishtoworkinChinaorwithChinesepeople.

Languageacquisition(习得)advancesyourbrainfunction!Studiesshowthecognitive(认知的)benefitsoflanguagelearning.5(____)Itisalanguagethatislikelyverydifferentfromwhatyoumighthavestudiedbefore.Imaginecommunicatingusingawrittenformthatmakesupmeaningsfromsymbols.A．Chineseproficiencymakestravelingeasy.B.ManylocalsspeakChineseratherthanEnglish.C．Chineseisawidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.D．MaybeyouwanttoexploretheancientChineseclassics.E．Whateveryourreason,thelanguagelearningjourneyiswellworthit.F．TherearenowmanychancesforthoseinterestedinworkinginChina.G．There'spossiblynobetterwaytogetthesebenefitsthantostudyChinese.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了学习中文的理由。答案分析Thebenefits(益处)oflanguagelearningarewell-recorded.Learninganewlanguagecanimproveyourproblem-solvingskills,memoryfunctionandcreativethinking,tonamebutafew.1(____)HerearefourreasonstolearnChinese.A．Chineseproficiencymakestravelingeasy.B.ManylocalsspeakChineseratherthanEnglish.C．Chineseisawidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.D．MaybeyouwanttoexploretheancientChineseclassics.E．Whateveryourreason,thelanguagelearningjourneyiswellworthit.F．TherearenowmanychancesforthoseinterestedinworkinginChina.G．There'spossiblynobetterwaytogetthesebenefitsthantostudyChinese.E解析：上文中的“Learninganewlanguagecanimproveyourproblem-solvingskills,memoryfunctionandcreativethinking,tonamebutafew.”介绍了学习一种新的语言的益处，E项与上文为语义上的顺承关系。同时E项中的“reason”与下文中的“reasons”为原词复现。故选E。2(____)Withover1billionspeakers,youcanmeetnativeChinesespeakersallovertheworld.Chinesepeopleingeneralarewarmandwelcomingandtheywillthinkhighlyofyoureffortstolearntheirlanguage!A．Chineseproficiencymakestravelingeasy.B.ManylocalsspeakChineseratherthanEnglish.C．Chineseisawidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.D．MaybeyouwanttoexploretheancientChineseclassics.E．Whateveryourreason,thelanguagelearningjourneyiswellworthit.F．TherearenowmanychancesforthoseinterestedinworkinginChina.G．There'spossiblynobetterwaytogetthesebenefitsthantostudyChinese.C解析：本题为段落大意题。根据本段内容可知，作者介绍了学习中文的相关背景知识，突出了使用中文的人的数量之大，“over1billionspeakers”与C项中的“awidelyspokenlanguage”相呼应。故选C。TheChineselanguageisadoortoanamazingculture.3(____)OrmaybeyoujustloveChinesefoodandwantanexcusetoeatmoreKungPaoChicken.SpeakingChineseopensthedoortoadeeperunderstandingof5，000yearsofChinesehistoryandculture.A．Chineseproficiencymakestravelingeasy.B.ManylocalsspeakChineseratherthanEnglish.C．Chineseisawidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.D．MaybeyouwanttoexploretheancientChineseclassics.E．Whateveryourreason,thelanguagelearningjourneyiswellworthit.F．TherearenowmanychancesforthoseinterestedinworkinginChina.G．There'spossibly