18　第一部分　主题二　主题群五　语境18　对社会有突出贡献的人物

语境18对社会有突出贡献的人物对接教材人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1Peopleofachievement选择性必修第二册Unit1Scienceandscientists译林版必修第三册Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld北师大版必修第二册Unit6TheadmirablePart1必备知识*提示：活动一、活动二部分未掌握的可回顾《主题语境语基复习全案》查缺补漏Ⅰ．拓展词汇运用1．(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1)ItisindeedanhonourforChina'sscientific(science)researchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld．2．Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld，themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativity(relative)andthefamousformulaE＝mc2．3．(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1)Asaconsequence(consequent)，hehadtofleeGermany．4．Asagraduateassistant(assist)attheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s，Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion．5．On31stOctober2009，thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian'sdeath，andpeoplehonoured(honour)andrememberedhimindifferentways．6．Thisisnotonlyanhonourforme，butalsorecognition(recognise)ofandencouragementforallscientistsinChina．7．Herealisedthathisrolesinthesefilmshadgivenhimtheopportunitytobeareal-lifesuperman，andhesoongainedareputationforraisingawareness(aware)ofgoodcauses．8．(北师大版必修第二册Unit6)Hefellintoadepression(depress)，whichlastedformanymonths．Ⅱ．核心短语自查1．写作词块补全(1)beawardedtheNobelPrize被授予诺贝尔奖(2)makenumerouscontributionstotheworld对世界做出了许多贡献(3)outofastrongpassionforknowledge出于对知识的强烈热爱(4)earnadoctorateinphysics获得物理学博士学位(5)anextremelywell-respectedman一个非常受尊敬的人(6)pursuehisgraduatestudies追求他的研究生学业2．用适当的介词/副词填空(1)Circumstanceschangedin1933，whenHitlercametopowerinGermany．(2)However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，Qianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviation，becauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry．(3)Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme．(4)AfterspendingtimeinEurope，hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton，USA．3．根据汉语提示完成句子(1)InNovember1972，throughtrialanderror(通过反复试验)，theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract．(2)(译林版必修第三册Unit4)TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff(成功)．(3)However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall(彻底地)．(4)TuYouyouwasnotedfor(因为……而著名)herbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina．(5)Byworkingtogetherasateam，wecanmakeasignificantdifference(产生重大影响)insolvingthisenvironmentalproblem．Ⅲ．经典句式仿写1．被残障人士的困境深深触动，海伦·凯勒成了为他们的权利和教育事业不知疲倦的倡导者。(过去分词短语作状语)Deeplyinspiredbytheplightofthedisabled，HelenKellerbecameatirelessadvocatefortheirrightsandeducation．2．诺曼·博洛格在杂交小麦上的贡献如此重大，以至于他将全球饥荒率降低了50%。(so/such...that...)SosignificantwasNormanBorlaug'sworkonhybridwheatthathereducedglobalfamineby50%．3．乔纳斯·索尔克一研发出首个脊髓灰质炎疫苗，就使无数儿童免于终身残疾。(upon/on＋n．/doing...)Upondevelopingthefirstpoliovaccine，JonasSalksavedcountlesschildrenfromlifelongdisability．核心词汇多维练1．conclusion练基础——单句语法快速填①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit1)Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences，weshouldnotrushtotheconclusion(conclude)thatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation．Instead，checkwhenthereportswerewritten．②Inconclusion，Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohassupportedthisproject．③Thefamousnovelistconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway．”练写作——先写后背会积累④(应用文写作之活动介绍)我从自身经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。a．Iconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthatitisimportanttoworkwithmyownhands．(conclude)b．Icameto/reached/arrivedat/drewa/theconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatitisimportanttoworkwithmyownhands．(conclusion)2．admire练基础——单句语法快速填①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit1)SomeoftheitemsondisplayarethoughttohavecomefromthecollectionofEmperorQianlong(1711—1799)，agreatadmirer(admire)ofShangDynastybronze．②Doinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirable(admire)commitment．③WeadmireYuanLongpingforhisgreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofagricultureinChina．练写作——先写后背会积累④(读后续写之神态描写)听到这个消息，孩子们钦佩地看着他们的数学老师。Hearingthenews，thekidslookedattheirmathteacherwith/inadmiration．3．award练基础——单句语法快速填①(外研版必修第二册Unit6)Ittellsthestoryofagreatwhitesharkthatattacksandkillsswimmers．Jawswasagreatsuccess，attractinghugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards(award)．②Theyoungscientistreceivedanawardforhergroundbreakingresearchonrenewableenergy．③Theschooldecidedtoawardaspecialscholarshiptothestudentwhovolunteeredover200hourstohelpchildreninneed．练写作——先写后背会积累④(读后续写之情绪描写)当他因出色的表现获得一等奖时，他激动得流下了眼泪。a．Whenawardedfirstprizeforhisexcellentperformance，heshedtearsofexcitement．b．Beingawardedfirstprizeforhisexcellentperformancemadehimshedtearsofexcitement．4．suspect练基础——单句语法快速填①Wesuspectedthemantobe(be)acheatatfirst，butitturnedoutthatwewerewrong．②Theman，suspected(suspect)ofstealingthecar，wasarrestedbythepolice．③Twosuspects(suspect)inconnectionwiththecasearenowbeingquestioned．练写作——先写后背会积累④(应用文写作之人物描写)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们能实现自己的梦想。a．ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher，whoneversuspectsthatwecanachieveourdreams．(suspectthat...)b．ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher，whoneversuspectsusofachievingourdreams．(suspectsb．ofdoingsth．)5．blame练基础——单句语法快速填①Thereisnodoubtthattheterribleearthquakewastoblame(blame)forsuchsevereruins．②Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistantforthemistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations．练写作——先写后背会积累③Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork．→Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits．(过去分词短语作状语)6．intend练基础——单句语法快速填①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit3)Theintention(intend)oftheseadaptationsistomaketheclassicsmoreaccessibletoyoungreaders．②TheChinesepaper-cuttingexhibitiontobeheldnextweekendissaidtobeintendedfortheforeignstudentswhoareinterestedinChineseculture．练写作——先写后背会积累③Theprogrammewasintendedtoprovidehelpforthehomelessanditturnedouttobeagreatsuccess．a．Theprogrammeintendedtoprovidehelpforthehomelessturnedouttobeagreatsuccess．(过去分词短语作定语)b．Theprogramme，withtheintentionofprovidinghelpforthehomeless，turnedouttobeagreatsuccess．(介词短语作插入语)7．vital练基础——单句语法快速填①Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingsworthfightingfor—morevitaltoaman，andmorebeneficialtomankind，thanallthemoneyintheworld，somemightsay．②Nomatterwhattheresultis，thefriendshipbetweencountriesisofvitalimportance(important)andmustbecherished．练写作——先写后背会积累③(读后续写之主旨升华)如果我们想要在生活中有所作为，至关重要的是我们应该从小事开始做起。Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife，it'svitalthatwe(should)beginwithsmallthings．障碍词汇综合练Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及词义)1．Dr．YuanLongpingcommittedhimselftohybridriceresearch，drivenbyaprofoundcommitmenttoendingglobalhunger．Despitechallenges，hiscommittedteamneverwavered．Throughdecadesofcommittingtoscientificexcellence，herevolutionizedagriculture．Today，wehonourhisdisregardforpersonalgain—hislifeembodiedhowtruecommitmentcanfeedmillions．①v．全心全意投入②n．承诺；信念③adj．忠诚的④v．花(钱或时间)⑤n．奉献精神2．MotherTeresa'sinvolvementinhelpingKolkata'spoorinvolvedimmensepersonalsacrifice．Herdeepinvolvementmeantdirectlyinvolvingherselfinslumdwellingsdaily．Thoughtheworkwasemotionallyinvolving，sheneveravoidedcomplexsituationsinvolved．Herlifeprovestruechangerequiresinvolvingcommunitieswithcompassion．①n．参与②n．投入③v．使参与④adj．引人投入的⑤adj．牵涉的3．Dr．TuYouyou，anaward-winningscientist，wasawardedtheNobelPrizefordiscoveringartemisinin．Thisprestigiousawardrecognizedherteam'slife-savingworkagainstmalaria．Asahumbleawardee，shedonatedprizemoneytoresearch，provingtruegreatnessliesnotinseekingawardsbutinservinghumanity．①adj．获奖的②v．被授予③n．奖项④n．获奖者⑤n．荣誉；奖励4．NelsonMandelawashonouredwiththeNobelPeacePrizeforendingapartheid．Thisgreathonourreflectedhislifelongfightforequality．Asanhonorarydoctorateholder，heremainedhonourablebyneverseekingpersonalglory．Hislegacyteachesusthattruehonourliesinselflessservicetosociety．①v．被授予②n．荣誉③adj．名誉的④adj．高尚的；正直的⑤n．光荣5．ArchitectI．M．PeidesignedtheLouvrePyramidwithinnovativevision．Hisdesignaimedtoconnecthistorywithmodernity，makingartaccessible．Thoughinitiallycontroversial，thisredesignedentrancebecameiconic．Asadesignerprioritizingpublicbenefitoverfame，Peiprovedgreatdesignsservesociety，notjustaesthetics．①v．设计②n．设计方案；构思③adj．重新设计的④n．设计师⑤n．设计作品Ⅱ．语言运用练(文中加黑词汇为主题词汇)AdaLovelacewasthedaughterofromanticpoetLordByron．Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer1—afullcenturybeforetoday'scomputers2．Andshebecameanidolforwomenin3today．Shecouldn'thavedoneitwithoutBritishmathematicianCharlesBabbage．Their4startedintheearly1830s．Babbagehaddrawnupplansforadetailedand5machinehecalledtheDifferenceEngine—6，agiantmechanicalcalculator，onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild．Inthemiddleofhisworkonit，theteenageLovelacemetBabbageataparty．Itwasmathematical7atfirstsight．Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould8untilLovelace'sdeath．Babbage9hisDifferenceEnginetobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine．Then，heshowedoffanincompleteprototypeofhismachine，butMissByronsawthatengine'strue10．TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculator，andthefactthattheuser11itscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecould12nearlyanymathematicaltaskthatwasordered．Lovelaceevenwrote13forsolvingacomplicatedmathproblem．Manyhistorianswouldlater14thosethefirstcomputerprograms，andLovelacethefirstprogrammer．ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbecomeAdaLovelaceDay，onwhichthe15ofwomentoscience，technology，engineering，andmathematicsishonored．【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述阿达·洛芙莱斯在英国数学家巴贝其的协作下，成了首位计算机程序员，其贡献深受后世尊崇。1．A．tutor B．programmerC．salesman D．accountantB[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Manyhistorianswouldlater________thosethefirstcomputerprograms，andLovelacethefirstprogrammer．”可知，她被认为是第一位计算机程序员，programmer是原词复现。故选B。]2．A．brokedown B．diedoutC．cameout D．showedupC[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“afullcenturybeforetoday'scomputers”以及语境可知，此处表示阿达·洛芙莱斯成为第一位计算机程序员，比当今的计算机出现早了一个世纪，cameout符合语境。故选C。]3．A．technology B．economyC．literature D．politicsA[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer________”可知，她是第一位计算机程序员，计算机属于科技范畴，所以她成了科技领域女性的偶像。故选A。]4．A．settlement B．conflictC．argument D．cooperationD[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould________untilLovelace'sdeath．”可知，他们建立了工作关系，所以此处指他们的合作开始于19世纪30年代初。故选D。]5．A．costly B．uniqueC．useful D．complicatedD[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild”可知，这个机器绝非简单，需要复杂的工程技术来建造，所以它是复杂的。故选D。]6．A．fortunately B．essentiallyC．eventually D．naturallyB[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“agiantmechanicalcalculator”可知，这里是对差分机本质的描述，本质上它是一个巨大的机械计算器，essentially符合语境。故选B。]7．A．love B．activityC．problem D．addictionA[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould________untilLovelace'sdeath．”可知，他们建立了工作关系并成为亲密的朋友，所以此处指他们对数学一见钟情，mathematicallove表示“数学之爱”。故选A。]8．A．form B．lastC．matter D．countB[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“untilLovelace'sdeath”可知，这种友谊一直持续到洛芙莱斯去世，last符合语境。故选B。]9．A．abandoned B．ruinedC．challenged D．builtA[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“tobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine”以及语境可知，他构思了一款新的分析机，所以是放弃了原来的差分机。故选A。]10．A．context B．potentialC．difference D．damageB[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculator，andthefactthattheuser______itscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecould________nearlyanymathematicaltaskthatwasordered．”可知，分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，它几乎能执行任何数学任务，所以此处指拜伦小姐(即洛芙莱斯)看到了它的真正潜力。故选B。]11．A．obeyed B．stoppedC．needed D．sentD[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“itscommandsthroughapunchcard”可知，这里指该机器通过穿孔卡发送指令，sent符合语境。故选D。]12．A．perform B．understandC．quit D．studyA[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“nearlyanymathematicaltaskthatwasordered”可知，这里指机器能执行下达的数学任务，perform符合语境。故选A。]13．A．suggestions B．instructionsC．translations D．experiencesB[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“forsolvingacomplicatedmathproblem”以及上文提到用户通过穿孔卡发送指令让机器执行任务可知，这里指她编写了解决问题的指令。故选B。]14．A．disagree B．refuseC．consider D．denyC[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“thosethefirstcomputerprograms，andLovelacethefirstprogrammer”可知，这里表示历史学家认为那些是第一个计算机程序，而洛芙莱斯则是第一位程序员，consider符合语境。故选C。]15．A．secret B．humorC．beauty D．contributionD[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“womentoscience，technology，engineering，andmathematicsishonored”以及语境可知，在这一天女性对科学、技术、工程和数学领域的贡献得到了表彰。故选D。]Ⅲ．构词法专练“动词＋-ment/-ence/-ance构成名词”表示“结果或状态；指向性；功能性和抽象支持作用”[构词示例]本语境：move(移动)＋-ment(过程/结果)→movement(运动)[牛刀小试]从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1．Thespeakermadea(n)referencetoafamousnovel，butonlyafewstudentsintheclasshadreadit．2．Theoldmanthankedthevolunteerforherassistanceincarryinggroceriestohisapartmentonthethirdfloor．3．Thedancer'ssmoothmovementsandgracefulstepsmadetheaudiencecheerloudlyattheend．4．TheteacherpraisedthestudentsfortheirachievementsinimprovingtheirEnglishspeakingskills．Part2关键能力“对社会有突出贡献的人物”这一主题语境在高考英语阅读理解中以立德树人、弘扬正能量为价值取向，通过呈现科学家、文化传承者、公益践行者等事迹，引导考生感悟个体对社会发展的责任担当。考查角度多元，涵盖人物生平细节、核心成就、精神品质及社会影响力，常以记叙文、说明文为载体。设题特点鲜明，细节理解题围绕人物关键事件、具体贡献设置，考查信息精准定位能力；推理判断题要求考生透过行为分析人物动机与价值观；主旨大意题聚焦人物精神内核与社会意义，选项设计注重干扰项的迷惑性。素养及能力层面，要求考生具备文本信息提取与整合能力、跨文化背景下的深层语义理解能力，以及批判性思维与文化意识，能够从人物故事中提炼普适价值。例如2025年全国一卷阅读理解D篇。(2025·全国一卷)MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas，stuckinsidevolcanicrocks，filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow．Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans．Now，newresearchsuggeststhatasimple，cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龙头)：boilingandfiltering(过滤)it．InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters，researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics．Crucially，thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics．Inthestudy，boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics．Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate，boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent．Additionally，theresearchdidn'tincludealltypesofplastics．Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene，polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn'tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride．Still，thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat'sbecomingincreasinglydifficult．Evenbottledwater，scientistsfoundearlierthisyear，contains10to1，000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought．Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns．Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake．“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice，”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay，anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch，tellsNewScientist．“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出了微塑料污染的普遍性，并介绍了中国研究人员的新发现：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中的微塑料(效果取决于水的硬度)。1．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A．Byquotinganexpert．B．Bydefiningaconcept．C．Bygivingexamples．D．Byprovidingstatistics．C[写作手法题。第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现微塑料污染问题。因此，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现问题的。故选C。]2．Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A．Thehardnessofwater．B．Thelengthofcoolingtime．C．Thefrequencyoffiltering．D．Thetypeofplasticinwater．A[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Crucially，thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonatetotraptheplastics．”可知，水的硬度决定了聚集水中微塑料的效果。下文补充说将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬质水(hardwater)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近90%，但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响聚集微塑料效果的关键因素。故选A。]3．Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A．Theimportanceofplasticrecycling．B．Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem．C．Thedangerinoverusingpurewater．D．Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater．B[推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Still，thefindingsshowapotentialpathforward...ataskthat'sbecomingincreasinglydifficult...contains10to1，000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought．”可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发艰巨，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的高出10至1000倍。因此，作者试图通过提到瓶装水来强调微塑料问题的严重性。故选B。]4．WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay'ssuggestionabout?A．Choiceofnewresearchmethods．B．Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy．C．Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers．D．Potentialapplicationofthefindings．D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics．”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议与研究结果的潜在应用有关。故选D。]一、理文脉——掌握文章大意二、拓词汇——积累语基语料1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)①(熟词生义/一词多义)Inthestudy，boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics．adj．(水质)硬的n．(数量)下降②(派生词)Still，thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat'sbecomingincreasinglydifficult． n．暴露；接触③(合成词)Evenbottledwater，scientistsfoundearlierthisyear，contains10to1，000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought． n．微塑料④(合成词)Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake． n．摄取量⑤(合成词/熟词生义)Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics．v．升级；提高；改善n．工厂；处理厂2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)①relyon依赖；依靠②reduceby...减少了……③focuson专注于④beinvolvedin参与；参加⑤lookinto调查；仔细察看三、析难句——打破阅读障碍1...．theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas，stuckinsidevolcanicrocks，filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow．[分析]本句是一个简单句。havesettled是句子的谓语，句中and连接三个并列的分词短语stuckinsidevolcanicrocks、filledthestomachsofseabirds、falleninfreshAntarcticsnow作并列状语，补充说明微塑料的分布状态。[翻译]……它们(微塑料)已沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，嵌入火山岩内部，填满海鸟的胃囊，甚至飘落在南极的新雪之中。2．Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns．[分析]本句是一个主从复合句。破折号前的how引导宾语从句，破折号后的what引导主语从句。[翻译]科学家仍在试图确定微塑料的危害程度，但其已知信息已引发担忧。“对社会有突出贡献的人物”这一主题语境在高考英语写作中，以弘扬正能量、培养考生正确价值观为价值取向，引导考生关注为社会发展添砖加瓦的各类人物，传承其精神品质。在考查角度上，应用文写作常要求考生介绍此类人物的事迹、精神，或是围绕其展开书信交流、演讲稿创作等。读后续写则侧重精神传承的逻辑延展，需在情节中自然融入道德影响。其设题特点聚焦“凡人微光”与“时代楷模”的平衡，既考查对具体作为的提炼，也要求分析社会影响。核心素养层面，深度融合文化意识(理解奉献精神的普世性)、思维品质(辩证看待个人与集体关系)及语言能力(运用remarkable/beneficial等主题词汇)，体现“小叙事大情怀”的命题导向。应用文写作(2023·全国甲卷)以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿假定你是李华，你校正在组织以“在我眼中最美的人”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：1．人物事迹；2．产生的影响。注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式作答。TheMostBeautifulPersoninMyEyesItissuchagreatprivilegeformetodeliveraspeechtoday．____________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforlistening．

参考词块1．被认作是；被视为recognizedas2．一位杰出的科学家anextraordinaryscientist3．(针对某种疾病的)治疗方法thecurefor4．数百万人millionsofpeople5．放弃giveup6．成功；做到；达成目标makeit7．在某人自己身上测试药物testthemedicineononeself8．对……产生重大影响haveagreatimpacton9．人类的幸福thewell-beingofpeople10．值得被尊重deservetoberespected

实用句式1．在我眼中，屠呦呦是最美的人。Inmyeyes，themostbeautifulpersonisTuYouyou．2．作为一位杰出的科学家，她与团队共同发现了疟疾的治疗方法，挽救了数百万人的生命。(过去分词作状语)Recognizedasanextraordinaryscientist，shediscoveredthecureformalariawithherteam，savingthelivesofmillionsofpeople．3．事实上，她在从中药中提取有效物质时经历了无数次失败，但从未想过放弃。(状语从句的省略)Actually，shefailedcountlesstimeswhileextractingtheusefulsubstancefromChinesemedicine，butsheneverthoughtaboutgivingup．4．当他们最终取得成功后，她甚至亲自试药。(时间状语从句)Aftertheyfinallymadeit，sheeventestedthemedicineonherself．5．她的贡献不仅对科学界影响深远，更惠及了人类福祉，尤其是那些身处困境的弱势群体。(notjust...butalso...句式)Hercontributionshaveagreatimpactnotjustontheworldofsciencebutalsoonthewell-beingofpeople，especiallythoseinunderprivilegedcommunities．6．无论如何，她绝对值得被尊为“最美的人”。Anyway，shedefinitelydeservestoberespectedasthemostbeautifulperson．

下笔成文TheMostBeautifulPersoninMyEyesItissuchagreatprivilegeformetodeliveraspeechtoday．____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforlistening．【参考范文】TheMostBeautifulPersoninMyEyesItissuchagreatprivilegeformetodeliveraspeechtoday．Inmyeyes，themostbeautifulpersonisTuYouyou．Recognizedasanextraordinaryscientist，shediscoveredthecureformalariawithherteam，savingthelivesofmillionsofpeople．Actually，shefailedcountlesstimeswhileextractingtheusefulsubstancefromChinesemedicine，butsheneverthoughtaboutgivingup．Aftertheyfinallymadeit，sheeventestedthemedicineonherself．Hercontributionshaveagreatimpactnotjustontheworldofsciencebutalsoonthewell-beingofpeople，especiallythoseinunderprivilegedcommunities．Anyway，shedefinitelydeservestoberespectedasthemostbeautifulperson．Thankyouforlistening．题型组合练(十八)(建议用时：45分钟总分：32.5分)Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)ASupposeIweretoaskyoutonamesomeofthegreatestnursesthattheworldhaseverknown．Inthatcase，thereisanextremeprobabilitythatyouwillmentionFlorenceNightingale，thewealthywomanwhogaveupeverythingtoservetheneedypeopleofhertimeandbecameanurse．It'ssafetosaythatFlorenceisthearchetype(典型)ofcontemporarynurses．FlorencewasbornonMay12th，1820，andherjourneytogreatnessstarted．Shewasbornintoprivilege．Shewasapolymathgeniuswhospokemultiplelanguagesandpioneeredtheconceptsofstatisticalanalysisthatarestillusedtoday．Sheevenmemorizedtheworksofphilosophyandwouldoftendebatewithherfather．Shehadtheoptionofhavingahigh-societylifeinanicebighouse，withastaffofservants．However，shecravedsomethingworthdoinginsteadoffritteringawaytimeontrivialthings．Shedeterminedtoendsufferinginthisworldasanurse，butbothofherparentsdisagreedwiththat，fornursingwasconsideredinferioratthattime．Overthenext12－13years，Florencetriedconvincingherparentsoverandoveragain，buttheydidn'tbudge．WhenFlorenceturned30，herdadwascompletelywornoutfromresistingandthensenthertoGermanyfornursingtraining．In1853herdreamwascompletelyrealizedandsheundertookajobinLondonatahospital．Florencedidn'tknowatthetimethatshewasgoingtobedraggedintooneofthebloodiestconflictsinEuropeanhistory—theCrimeanWar．NightingalededicatedherselftoimprovinghealthcareduringtheCrimeanWar，whichledtoahugereductioninthemortality(伤亡)rates．It'sdifficulttooverstatethecontributionsthatFlorenceNightingalemadetomedicine，includingherworkonsanitationandhygieneandonorganizationalstructures，andespeciallytonursing．Herworkaswellasherliferepresentsthepowerofasingledeterminedindividualwhoissetonbringingapositivechangetosociety．Shepulledofftheinevitableandbecamealegendandanimmortalinthepagesofhistory．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔这位伟大护士的生平事迹，包括她的成长背景、追求护士职业的决心以及在克里米亚战争期间对医疗保健的贡献等。1．WhyisFlorenceNightingalementionedinparagraph1?A．TopraiseNightingale'sgeniusinmultiplefields．B．TopresenthowtoughNightingale'steenagelifewas．C．TointroduceNightingale'simpactduringtheCrimeanWar．D．Toillustratewhatmodern-daynursesaresupposedtobelike．D[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It'ssafetosaythatFlorenceisthearchetypeofcontemporarynurses．”可知，文章第一段提到弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔是为了说明现代护士应该是怎样的，因为她被视为当代护士的典型。故选D。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“budge”inparagraph3mean?A．Obey． B．Compromise．C．Respect． D．Care．B[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“However，shecravedsomethingworthdoing...nursingwasconsideredinferioratthattime...convincingherparentsoverandoveragain”可知，弗洛伦斯想要成为护士，但她的父母不同意，她花了12－13年的时间试图说服他们，但他们没有budge，由此可推测，画线词budge意为“妥协”。故选B。]3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFlorenceNightingale?A．Intelligentandreserved．B．Ambitiousandsociable．C．Single-mindedandinnocent．D．Committedandcompassionate．D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“NightingalededicatedherselftoimprovinghealthcareduringtheCrimeanWar，whichledtoahugereductioninthemortalityrates．”以及最后一段中的“Herworkaswellasherliferepresentsthepowerofasingledeterminedindividualwhoissetonbringingapositivechangetosociety．”可推知，弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔致力于改善医疗保健，为减少战争伤亡做出了巨大贡献，同时她的决心和行动也体现了她为社会带来积极改变的坚定信念，所以她是一个有奉献精神和富有同情心的人。故选D。]4．WhatcanweinferaboutFlorenceNightingalefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Hercontributiontothehealthcaresystemwasplayeddown．B．Shewasagame-changingnurseinsavingpeopleduringthewar．C．Sheresistedherparentsbydevotingherselftoahighercalling．D．SheintendedtoparticipateinoneofthecruelestwarsinEuropeanhistory．B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Florencedidn'tknowatthetimethatshewasgoingtobedragged...duringtheCrimeanWar，whichledtoahugereductioninthemortalityrates．”可推知，弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在战争期间拯救了很多人，她是一位改变局面的护士。故选B。]B(2026·湖北十堰模拟)Eachmorning，thesoftsoundofslicingfillstheairataprocessingworkshopinZhangshu，JiangxiProvince．YuanXiaoping，69，standsbyhisworkbench，skillfullyslicingwhitepeonyrootintopieces．Thetechniquemayseemeffortless，butitistheresultofmorethan50yearsofdisciplinedpractice．Yuanisanationallyrecognizedinheritor(继承人)oftheZhangshutraditionalChinesemedicineprocessingtechnique，aformofcraftsmanshiplistedontheNationalListofRepresentativeIntangibleCulturalHeritageItemsin2014．Forover1，800years，Zhangshu，China'smedicinecapital，hasperfectedtheartoftraditionalherbprocessing，transformingrawplantsintoprecisemedicine．Thiscraftreliesonfoursignaturetools：sharpknivesforpaper-thinslicing，copperpotsforcontrolledheating，localmineral-richwater，andsecretmethodspassedfrommastertoapprentice．BornintoafamilywithatraditioninChinesemedicine，YuanbeganworkingasanapprenticeattheoldTianqitangpharmacyattheageof16．HelaterstudiedundermastercraftsmanYuShouxiang，whowasrenownedforhisexpertiseinmedicinal(药用的)c