31　第一部分　主题三　主题群十　语境31　自然科学研究成果

主题群十宇宙探索语境31自然科学研究成果对接教材北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit9HumanbiologyPart1必备知识*提示：活动一、活动二部分未掌握的可回顾《主题语境语基复习全案》查缺补漏Ⅰ．拓展词汇运用1．Thereasontheyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwastogetanimalswithedited(edit)genesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth．2．Dr．SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwholly(whole)devotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1，000monkeys24hoursaday，7daysaweekformorethan5years．3．Ingeneral，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictory(contradict)theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread．4．Thecommoncoldisawidespreadvirusthataffectsmillionsofpeople，butitisnotseenasbeingaseriousenoughconditiontodeservetheclassification(classify)ofanepidemic．5...．governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheywantthoroughandsystematic(system)medicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible．Ⅱ．核心短语自查1．写作词块补全(1)anotherexampleofnaturalcloning自然克隆的另一个例子(2)asimilarpatternofhealthproblems一个相似的健康问题模式(3)incomparisonwithotherspecies与其他物种相比(4)breakthistechnicalbarrier突破这一技术壁垒(5)alargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenes大量基因相同的猴子(6)beviewedasmerecopiesoforiginals仅仅被视为原作的复制品2．用适当的介词/副词填空(1)Forexample，theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity．(2)Eachdiseasecanonlyofficiallybeclassifiedasanepidemiconceacertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease．(3)Then，from2013to2016，therewasthemostwidespreadoutbreakoftheEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)inWestAfrica，whichresultedinamajorlossoflifeinanumberofwestAfricancountries．(4)Incomparisonwithotherspecies，cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”，anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated．(5)Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease．(6)Theviruswasextremelyinfectiousandthesurvivalratewasaslowas30%insomeareas，indicatingthatveryfewpeoplegotoverit．3．根据汉语提示完成句子(1)Havingkilledupto(多达)50millionpeoplein18months，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory．(2)Everysmallstepyoutaketowardsself-improvementisboundto(一定会)leadyoutoabetterversionofyourself．(3)Keepingacuriousheartandexploringnewknowledgeactivelyiscrucialfor(对……至关重要)broadeningyourhorizons．(4)Soaveryrarediseasewillhavealowbaselineandjustafewcasesofitinoneplacewillbeclassifiedasanepidemic；asopposedto(相对于)morecommondiseases，suchastheflu，thathaveahigherbaseline．Ⅲ．经典句式仿写1．当然，我会像她对待我那样去对待我的学生们。(theway后跟定语从句)Ofcourse，Iwouldtreatmystudentsthewayshetreatedme．2．每次试图呼吸都会吸入水，使他越陷越深，沉入湖底。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)Eachattempttobreathedrewinwater，dragginghimdeeperintothelake'sdepths．核心词汇多维练1．capability练基础——单句语法快速填①Humansarecapableofmakingdecisionsbythemselveswithoutinputfromothers，andtheycanlearnfromexperience．②Hewasfoundlyingintheroad，drunkandincapable(capable)．练写作——先写后背会积累③(应用文写作之语言学习)外国学生学习汉语的主要目的是能够用汉语进行交流。ThemainpurposeofforeignstudentslearningChineseistohavethecapabilitytocommunicateinChinese．2．treatment练基础——单句语法快速填①Mymotherisstronglyopposedtomyfathertreatingmetojunkfood．②Thenoneday，Ihadtogothroughatwo-hourmedicaltreatment(treat)．练写作——先写后背会积累③(读后续写之心理描写)玛丽因被当作小孩对待而生气。Marywasangryatbeingtreatedlike/asachild．3．accurate练基础——单句语法快速填①Heisalwaysaccuratein/atwhathesaysanddoes．②Thetranslationsacrificesnaturalnessforthesakeofaccuracy(accurate)．③WeshouldtrainourstudentstospeakEnglishfluentlyandaccurately(accurate)．练写作——先写后背会积累④研究人员需要在记录数据时准确无误，以使他们的科学成果可靠。Researchersneedtobeaccurateinrecordingdatatomaketheirscientificresultsreliable．⑤确切地说，该研究的发现表明植物如何在阳光下生长更快。Tobeaccurate，thestudy'sfindingshowshowplantsgrowfasterinsunlight．4．identical练基础——单句语法快速填①Identically(identical)，ifyouwantthatbook，I'llbringitnexttime．②Thenameontheticketshouldbeidenticalwith/totheoneinthepassport．练写作——先写后背会积累③(应用文写作之图画介绍)书的封面上有一只小猎犬，它看起来和我的狗一模一样。Thereonthebook'scoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidenticaltomydog．5．comparison练基础——单句语法快速填①Bycomparison(compare)，inBulgariaandsouthernAlbania，thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning．②Teachersareoftencomparedtoacandle．That'sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/withoutcompare．练写作——先写后背会积累③(应用文写作之观点表达)与西方音乐相比，我更喜欢东方音乐，因为它要柔和得多。Comparedto/withWesternmusic，IpreferEasternmusic，becauseitismuchsofter．6．depressing练基础——单句语法快速填①Themoreshethoughtaboutit，themoredepressed(depress)shebecame．②Shesufferedfromseveredepression(depress)afterlosingherjob．③Thedepressing(depress)resultofthepollutionstudyshowswildlifeisdyingatafasterrate．练写作——先写后背会积累④科学家们对解决全球变暖问题的缓慢进展感到沮丧。Scientistsfeeldepressedabouttheslowprogressinsolvingtheglobalwarmingproblem．7．getthrough练基础——单句语法快速填①Howwouldtheygetoverthatproblem，hewondered?②Onceyouwanttodosomething，youmustgetdowntodoing(do)itwell．③HisspeechwassoconfusingthatJackcouldn'tgethispointacrossatall．练写作——先写后背会积累④(应用文写作之演讲稿)微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers．障碍词汇综合练Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及词义)1．Theteam'scollectivecapabilityshoneduringthechallenge．Theyapproachedproblemscapably，believingeffortcouldenableremarkablegrowth．Whileawareofcurrentlimits，theircapableattitudefocusedonsolutions．Thisdrivedidn'tdisableambition—itfueledinnovation．①n．能力②adv．有能力地③adj．有能力的2．Thecommunity'skindtreatmentofnewcomerswasheart-warming．Residentswouldtreateveryonewithrespect，oftensharinghomemadetreats．Theyknewthateventreatableproblemsdeservedattention．Thisfairtreatmentfosteredtrust，makingtheneighborhoodfeellikeahomewherepeopleweren'tjusttoleratedbuttrulycaredfor．Suchwarmthisthebesttreatmentforloneliness．①n．对待②v．对待③n．款待④adj．可解决的⑤n．治疗Ⅱ．语言运用练(文中加黑词汇为主题词汇)JoelBreman，aleaderineffortstocontrolsmallpox，Ebola，malariaandotherinfectiousdiseases，diedinChevyChase，Maryland，attheageof87．PeterPiot，afellow1investigator，remembersthetimewhenhemetBreman．PiotcametoKinshasaincentralAfricatoinvestigatea2newdisease．Bremanwasthere3fortheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention．Piot，Bremanandtheothersspentseveralmonthsonthe4incentralAfrica．Thediseasetheywere5turnedouttobeEbola，whichatthetimehada90%deathrate．“Itwas6stressful，”saidPiot．Theteamworkeddayandnight，collecting7fromlocalpeople．“ButBremanalwaysremained8，”addedPiot．Bytheendofthetrip，Piotwas9overbyBreman'spatienceandhisabilityandenthusiasminhisworkandlife．Inthefollowingyears，Breman10workingonseveralotherinfectiousdiseasesattheNationalVaccineProgramOffice．Also，hetrainedscientists，wrotebooksandpublishedarticlesin11journals．Bremanwaskindandrespectfultoothers．Hisfamilyregardedhimasadventurousandcaring．Bremanalways12hiskidstogotointerestingplacesandexperiencenew13．Hisdaughtersaid，“Itwas14thatwhenhelayintheICU，hewasthinkingofotherpeople．”Inhisfuneral(葬礼)，hisfriendWalterCohn15Breman'slifewith“Healingtheworld”．【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是传染病防控专家乔尔·布雷曼一生致力于抗击传染病并影响他人的感人故事。1．A．economy B．educationC．disease D．resourceC[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“JoelBreman，aleaderineffortstocontrolsmallpox，Ebola，malariaandotherinfectiousdiseases”可知，布雷曼是传染病防控方面的领军人物，所以彼得·皮奥特是疾病调查员。故选C。]2．A．natural B．deadlyC．common D．differentB[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“Thediseasetheywere________turnedouttobeEbola，whichatthetimehada90%deathrate．”可知，埃博拉死亡率高达90%，所以是致命的新型疾病。故选B。]3．A．working B．waitingC．searching D．preparingA[考查动词词义辨析。根据语境和上文的“PeterPiot，afellow________investigator，remembersthetimewhenhemetBreman．”可知，皮奥特是一位疾病调查员同事，到非洲中部的金沙萨调查一种致命的新型疾病，他记得遇见布雷曼的时候，由此可推断，布雷曼在为美国疾病控制与预防中心工作。故选A。]4．A．way B．groundC．edge D．airB[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“Theteamworkeddayandnight，collecting________fromlocalpeople．”可知，他们是在实地调查疾病，ontheground意为“在实地”。故选B。]5．A．carrying B．missingC．examining D．spreadingC[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“PiotcametoKinshasaincentralAfricatoinvestigatea______newdisease．”可知，他们在检查疾病。故选C。]6．A．close B．superC．right D．littleB[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Thediseasetheywere________turnedouttobeEbola，whichatthetimehada90%deathrate．”可知，埃博拉死亡率为90%，结合下文“Theteamworkeddayandnight”可知，这项工作非常有压力，superstressful意为“非常有压力的”。故选B。]7．A．standard B．adviceC．data D．experienceC[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Thediseasetheywere________turnedouttobeEbola，whichatthetimehada90%deathrate．”可知，他们在调查疾病，所以此处指的是从当地人那里收集“数据”。故选C。]8．A．puzzled B．safeC．tired D．calmD[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“‘Itwas________stressful，’saidPiot．Theteamworkeddayandnight，collecting________fromlocalpeople．”可知，埃博拉致死率达到90%，他们日夜工作，工作压力很大，再结合“But”可知，此处指的是布雷曼总是保持冷静，与压力大形成对比。故选D。]9．A．bowled B．handedC．watched D．passedA[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“byBreman'spatienceandhisabilityandenthusiasminhisworkandlife”可知，皮奥特在此次行程中注意到了布雷曼的耐心、能力和热情，由此可推断，此处指的是他被布雷曼这些品质折服，bebowledoverby意为“被……折服”。故选A。]10．A．remembered B．admittedC．finished D．continuedD[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Piot，Bremanandtheothersspentseveralmonthsonthe________incentralAfrica．”可知，布雷曼在非洲中部调查疾病，再结合下文中的“workingonseveralotherinfectiousdiseases”可知，此处指的是他“继续”研究其他传染病。故选D。]11．A．medical B．literaryC．historical D．psychologicalA[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“JoelBreman，aleaderineffortstocontrolsmallpox，Ebola，malariaandotherinfectiousdiseases，diedinChevyChase，Maryland，attheageof87．”可知，布雷曼研究传染病，由此可知，此处指的是在医学期刊上发表文章。故选A。]12．A．forced B．encouragedC．warned D．invitedB[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“Hisfamilyregardedhimasadventurousandcaring．”以及下文的“togotointerestingplacesandexperiencenew________”可知，布雷曼的家人认为他非常有冒险精神，由此可推断，此处指的是他鼓励孩子们去体验新的挑战。故选B。]13．A．feelings B．appreciationsC．challenges D．systemsC[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“Hisfamilyregardedhimasadventurousandcaring．”以及“gotointerestingplacesandexperiencenew”可知，布雷曼的家人认为他非常有冒险精神，所以此处指的是布雷曼鼓励他的孩子们去有趣的地方并体验新的挑战。故选C。]14．A．remarkable B．strangeC．awkward D．meaningfulA[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“whenhelayintheICU，hewasthinkingofotherpeople”可知，在重症监护室布雷曼还为别人着想，这是值得注意的。故选A。]15．A．focusedon B．accountedforC．engagedin D．summedupD[考查动词短语辨析。根据语境和上文的“Inhisfuneral”以及下文的“Breman'slifewith‘Healingtheworld’”可知，在葬礼上，朋友应该是用“治愈世界”来总结布雷曼的一生。故选D。]Ⅲ．构词法专练前缀sub-表示“在下面；下属的；低于；替代，替换”[构词示例]本语境：sub-(在下面)＋marine(海的)→submarinen．(潜水艇)[牛刀小试]从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1．Mymomusedhoneyasasubstituteforsugarwhenshebakedcookiesbecauseweranoutofsugar．2．Wesawasubmarinemodelinthesciencemuseum，anditlookedexactlylikearealone．3．Therestaurantwasclosedbecauseitservedsubstandardfoodthatmadeseveralcustomersfeelsick．4．TheEnglishmoviewewatchedinclasshadChinesesubtitlestohelpusunderstandthedialogues．Part2关键能力在高考英语阅读理解中，“自然科学研究成果”主题语境的价值取向强调科学探索的求真精神、创新价值与社会贡献，引导学生关注科技前沿、培养实证思维与人类命运共同体意识。考查角度聚焦研究成果的核心内容(如假设、方法、结论)、科学意义(突破性、应用潜力)及社会影响(伦理、可持续发展)。常以说明文或科普报道为载体，设置细节理解题定位关键信息(如研究目的、数据)，推理判断题分析逻辑关系或作者态度，主旨大义题概括核心发现，词义猜测题处理专业术语。要求考生快速提取核心科技概念、理解实验设计与因果链条、批判性评估结论可靠性及推断实际应用场景。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Iamnotcrazy，”saysDr．WilliamFarber，shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit．“Iamaheadofmytime．”Ifheseemsalittledefensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods．ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh．He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture，chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine．Farber，agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian．Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain．Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief．Thenhetriedacupuncture，anancientChinesepractice，andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments．Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients．So，afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears，hebeganofferingthemtopets．LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition．AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep，butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths．AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse，Nappy，“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment．Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime，andifthepastisanyindication，hemayberight：Since1982，membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700．“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell，”hesays．“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal．That'smyjob．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了兽医Dr．WilliamFarber正在利用“整体”医学来治疗动物，“整体”医学就是将传统的西方疗法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药结合起来。1．WhatdosomeofFarber'scoworkersthinkofhim?A．He'sodd． B．He'sstrict．C．He'sbrave． D．He'srude．A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“someofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，再结合第一段中Farber的话“Iamnotcrazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A项。]2．WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A．Hewastrainedinitatuniversity．B．Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian．C．Hebenefitedfromitasapatient．D．Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners．C[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments...likelytoworkonhispatients...offeringthemtopets．”可知，Farber在尝试过针灸治疗后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以才决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。故选C项。]3．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment．B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work．C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases．D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine．D[段落大意题。本段主要讲述了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后病情有所好转的例子。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D项。]4．WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A．ToproveFarber'spoint．B．Toemphasizeitsimportance．C．Topraiseveterinarians．D．Toadvocateanimalprotection．A[推理判断题。根据题干中的“theAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since1982...grownfrom30toover700”具体解释了上文中的“thepast”，所以作者提到该组织是为了证明文中所说的“hemayberight”，即为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。故选A项。]一、理文脉——掌握文章大意二、拓词汇——积累语基语料1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)①(派生词)Farber，agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian． adj．传统的②(熟词生义)LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition． n．疾病③(派生词)Ifheseemsalittledefensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods． adv．偶然，偶尔④(熟词生义)AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep，butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths． n．安乐死，长眠2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)①aheadofone'stime具有前瞻性的②havethelastlaugh笑到最后，取得最后成功/胜利③alternativetreatment替代疗法④haveaheartattack心脏病发作⑤bepreparedtodosth．愿意做某事(尤指难做或通常不做的事)⑥putsth．tosleep(用药物)使长眠，无痛苦地杀死(生病或受伤的动物)三、析难句——打破阅读障碍He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinariansnowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture，chiropracticandherbalmedicine．[分析]本句是一个“主系表”结构，表语是oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians；practicing“holistic”medicine为动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰veterinarians；combiningtraditional...为动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰“holistic”medicine。[翻译]他是少数但逐渐增多的美国兽医之一，这一群体正在实践“整体”医学——一种结合了传统的西方治疗、针灸、按摩疗法和草药医学的治疗方法。在高考英语写作中，“自然科学研究成果”主题语境的价值取向聚焦于弘扬科学精神、彰显人文关怀，引导考生理解科技发展与社会进步的辩证关系，该主题既强调求真务实的探索态度(如实证、创新)，也关注科技成果转化中的人文温度与社会责任(如伦理、普惠)。其考查角度常以特定科学突破(如航天、医学、环保)为切入点，设题特点呈现为：常采用应用文写作形式(如分享信、演讲稿、倡议书)，侧重成果的社会价值阐释与推广，要求考生逻辑清晰地说明意义并呼吁行动。应用文写作绿色能源与未来生活(2025·安徽合肥二模)假定你是李华，上周你参加了学校举办的以“绿色能源与未来生活”为主题的科学大讲堂活动。请你给外教Ryan写一封电子邮件，分享这次经历，内容包括：1．活动介绍；2．你的收获。注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式作答。DearRyan，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua

参考词块1．科学讲座sciencelecture2．可再生技术renewabletechnology3．重塑我们的能源消耗reshapeourenergyconsumption4．获得了宝贵的见解gainvaluableinsightsinto5．可持续发展sustainabledevelopment6．倡导环保习惯advocateforeco-friendlyhabits7．加深我的理解deepenmyunderstanding8．让我更加意识到makememoreawareof9．一次大开眼界的经历aneye-openingexperience

实用句式1．我写信是为了分享我上周在学校的科学讲座“绿色能源和未来生活”上的经历。(lecture，energy)I'mwritingtosharemyexperienceattheschool'ssciencelecturetitled“GreenEnergyandFutureLife”lastweek．2．在这次活动中，专家们解释了太阳能电池板和风力发动机等可再生技术，以及它们如何重塑我们的能源消耗。(feature，renewable，theway后跟定语从句)Theeventfeaturedexpertsexplainingrenewabletechnologieslikesolarpanelsandwindturbinesandthewaytheyreshapeourenergyconsumption．3．我在可持续发展方面获得了宝贵的见解，特别是太阳能减少碳排放的方式，激励我倡导环保习惯。(sustainable，emission，advocate)Igainedvaluableinsightsintosustainabledevelopment，particularlythewaysolarpowerreducescarbonemissions，inspiringmetoadvocateforeco-friendlyhabits．4．互动环节加深了我的理解，让我更加意识到我们每天可以采取的实际步骤。(interactive，practical，动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)Theinteractivesessiondeepenedmyunderstanding，makingmemoreawareofpracticalstepswecantakedaily．

下笔成文DearRyan，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【参考范文】DearRyan，Hopethisemailfindsyouwell．I'mwritingtosharemyexperienceattheschool'ssciencelecturetitled“GreenEnergyandFutureLife”lastweek．Theeventfeaturedexpertsexplainingrenewabletechnologieslikesolarpanelsandwindturbinesandthewaytheyreshapeourenergyconsumption．Igainedvaluableinsightsintosustainabledevelopment，particularlythewaysolarpowerreducescarbonemissions，inspiringmetoadvocateforeco-friendlyhabits．Theinteractivesessiondeepenedmyunderstanding，makingmemoreawareofpracticalstepswecantakedaily．Trulyaneye-openingexperience!I'dlovetohearyourthoughtsongreenenergysometime．Yours，LiHua题型组合练(三十一)(建议用时：45分钟总分：50分)Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2026·江苏镇江模拟)Femalemoths(蛾)don'trelyonsightorsmellalone．Theycanalsohearsoundsfromstressedplants．Scientistsfoundthattheseinsectsdetectultrasonic(超声的)clicksfromplantsunderdroughtstressandusethemwhenchoosingegg-layingsites．Plantsproduceairborneultrasonicsoundswhenstressed．Thesevibrations(震颤)，previouslythoughttobeundetectablebyanimals，cantravelthroughtheair．TheEgyptiancottonleafwormmoth，Spodopteralittoralis，hearsthesesounds．Thisspecieshasearssensitivetothe20to60kHzrange，withpeaksensitivityaround38kHz．Thatiswheremanyplantclicksfall．Theresearchersassumedthatfemalemothsmightusetheseplantsoundstodecidewheretolayeggs．Theirexperimentsconfirmedthis．Thestudyinvolvedmultipleexperimentswithprecisesetups．Inano-plantenvironment，mothspreferredlayingeggsnearaspeakerplayingrecordedplantstresssounds．Whenthesemothsweredeafened，thepreferencedisappeared．Thisprovedthattheresponsecamefromhearing，notothercues(提示)．Incontrast，whenhealthyplantswereaddedandthesamesoundswereplayednearone，themothschosethesilentplant．Thisindicatedthatwhenrealplantswerepresent，mothscorrectlyinterpretedthesoundsaswarnings．Scientistsfindthatwithoutavisibleplant，soundbecomestheonlycue．Somothsassociateitwithplantpresence．Butwhentheycanseeorsmellrealplants，andonegivesoffstresssounds，theyavoidit．Thisshowsacontext-baseddecision-makingprocess．Thisstudyrevealsthatplantsoundscanguideinsectbehavior．Theresearchersthinkotheranimalsmightalsousethesesounds．“Inthisstudy，werevealedthefirstevidenceforacoustic(声学的)interactionbetweenaplantandaninsect．Weareconvincedthatthisisjustthebeginning，”notedtheresearchers．“Acousticinteractionbetweenplantsandanimalsdoubtlesslyhasmanymoreformsandawiderangeofroles．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现雌蛾能通过听觉感知植物受到压力时发出的超声波，并利用这些声音选择产卵地点，揭示了植物与昆虫之间新的声学互动方式，且这种互动可能具有广泛的生态意义。1．WhycantheEgyptiancottonleafwormmothhearplantclicks?A．Theyareespeciallyloud．B．Theyareentirelydistinct．C．Theytravelviaspecialmedia．D．Theymatchitshearingrange．D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisspecieshasearssensitivetothe20to60kHzrange，withpeaksensitivityaround38kHz．Thatiswheremanyplantclicksfall．”可知，这种飞蛾能够听到植物发出的咔嗒声是因为这一声音频率与它们的听觉范围相匹配。故选D。]2．Whatdidthemothschoosewhenrealplantswerepresentintheexperiment?A．Thespeakerplayingsounds．B．Plantsgivingoffnowarningsignals．C．Healthyplantsproducingsounds．D．Plantsneedingtobewatered．B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Incontrast，whenhealthyplantswereaddedandthesamesoundswereplayednearone，themothschosethesilentplant．Thisindicatedthatwhenrealplantswerepresent，mothscorrectlyinterpretedthesoundsaswarnings．”可知，实验显示，当真实植物存在时，飞蛾会选择没有发出警告信号的植物。故选B。]3．Whichwordbestdescribestheimpactoftheresearchaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Far-reaching． B．Controllable．C．Short-lived． D．Tolerable．A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中研究者所说的话“Inthisstudy，werevealedthefirstevidenceforacousticinteractionbetweenaplantandaninsect．Weareconvincedthatthisisjustthebeginning”和“Acousticinteractionbetweenplantsandanimalsdoubtlesslyhasmanymoreformsandawiderangeofroles．”可知，这项研究提供了植物与昆虫之间的声学互动的首份证据，表明这种互动可能具有广泛的意义，因此它具有深远影响。故选A。]4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlantsGiveoffMeasurableStressSoundsB．PlantsMakeStressSoundsforLackofWaterC．MothsGuideComplexPlant-insectInteractionsD．MothsDetectPlantSoundsforEgg-layingChoicesD[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了雌蛾如何利用植物受到压力时发出的超声波来选择产卵地点，揭示了植物与昆虫之间新的互动方式。因此，D项最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。]B(2025·湖北黄石二模)Nearlyhalfofallknownanimalsareparasites(寄生虫)．Onestudysuggeststhatatenthofthemmightdisappearforeverbecauseofclimatechange，lossoftheirhosts，anddeliberateattemptstokillthemall．Thoughitseemsfewpeoplecare—orevennotice．Actually，ifyoudon'tthinkabouthow“disgusting”theymightlook，youmayfindparasites'wayoflivingstrangelycharming．They'veevolvedsmartmeansofsurvivalfrombecomingafish'stonguetocontrollingthemindsofants．Whilethedeathofparasitesmightseemlikenobigdeal，thepotentialconsequencesofparasiteextinctionextendfarbeyondwhatmostpeoplerealize．Ecologistscautionthatwipingthemoutcouldendupdestroyingtheplanet．Medically，certainspeciesarestillemployedforsurgeries．Ecologically，parasiteshelpcontrolanimalpopulationsbykeepingsomespeciesfromgrowingtoolarge．Theyalsohelpfeedpredators(捕食者)inaninterestingway．Manyparasiteshavelearnedtochangetheirhost'sbehavior，makinginfectedanimalsmorelikelytobecaughtandeatenbypredators．Whenthishappens，theparasitemovestoitsnexthost，andthepredatorgetsfood．Evenhumanhealthwouldn'tnecessarilybenefitfromwipingoutparasites．Thehumanimmunesystemevolvedalongsideagroupofparasites，andifweweretokillthemoff，ourimmunesystemswouldthenbeginattackingourselves．Ifanyonewouldwanttogetridofallparasites，you'dthinkitwouldbeBobbiPritt．AsmedicaldirectorfortheMayoClinic'shumanparasitologylab，Prittidentifiesharmfulparasitesfoundalloverthecountryandineverybodypart．YetevenPritthasasoftspotforparasites．Asaphysician，shefavorswipingoutparasitesthatcausediseaseandsuffering．“Butasabiologist，”shesays，“purposefullytryingtomakesomethingextinctjustdoesn'tfeelrighttome．”Ultimately，wedonotwantawaragainstallofthem，becausethere'sstillsomuchwedon'tunderstand．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。尽管寄生虫常被认为是令人厌恶的，但实际上它们有着独特的生存方式，且在生态系统和人类健康方面都起着重要作用。文章指出消灭寄生虫可能带来严重后果，人们不应盲目地与所有寄生虫为敌，对于消灭寄生虫应慎重考虑。5．Whatmaypeoplefind“charming”aboutparasites?A．Theirstrangeactions．B．Theircleveradaptations．C．Theirattractiveappearances．D．Theirharmlesscharacteristics．B[细节理解题。根据第二段“Actually，ifyoudon'tthinkabouthow‘disgusting’theymightlook，youmayfind...survivalfrombecomingafish'stonguetocontrollingthemindsofants．”可知，人们可能会发现寄生虫巧妙的适应性很有魅力。故选B。]6．Whatecologicalroledoparasitesplay?A．Balancinghostnumbers．B．Limitingpredators'growth．C．Boostingimmunesystem．D．Protectinginfectedanimals．A[细节理解题。根据第三段“Ecologically，parasiteshelpcontrolanimalpopulationsbykeepingsomespeciesfromgrowingtoolarge．”可知，寄生虫在生态方面的作用是平衡宿主数量。故选A。]7．WhyisBobbiPrittmentionedinparagraph5?A．Toraiseethicalconcerns．B．Toshowscientificprogress．C．Torevealinstitutionalconflicts．D．Toemphasizeclinicalresponsibilities．A[推理判断题。根据第五段“Asaphysician，shefavorswipingoutparasitesthatcausediseaseandsuffering．‘Butasabiologist，’shesays，‘purposefullytryingtomakesomethingextinctjustdoesn'tfeelrighttome．’”可知，提到BobbiPritt是为了引发关于消灭寄生虫的伦理层面的思考。故选A。]8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheWarAgainstParasitesB．WhatIfWeSpareAllParasites?C．HowParasitesEvolvedWisely?D．RemovingParasites?ThinkTwiceD[标题归纳题。尽管寄生虫常被认为是令人厌恶的，但实际上它们有着独特生存方式，且在生态系统和人类健康方面都起着重要作用。文章指出消灭寄生虫可能带来严重后果，人们不应盲目地与所有寄生虫为敌，对于消灭寄生虫应慎重考虑。选项D“消灭寄生虫？三思而后行”为最佳标题。故选D。]Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨三模)Moxie，myservicedog，cameintomylifeafterIwasdiagnosedwitha1geneticdisorder，whichcausesextremepain．Ihavehadtobe2tohospitalmanytimesandundergomultipleoperations．Onceatennisplayer，Ifoundmyselfinawheelchair，3todothingsIusedtobeabletodo．Moxiehelpsfetchthingsforme，letsmeknowifI'mgoingto4，picksthingsup，andsomuchmore．Ihadnoideaofthegreat5shewouldhaveonmylifeuntilthatSaturdaynightwhenIwantedtoenditall．ThemomentMoxiejumpedonmybedand6herlittlepawsaroundme，itwasasthoughsherestoredmydesiretolive．Iwasstill7，butIfoundasmallpathtotrytomakemywaythrough．Ijustneededtofindanewwaytofight．Ineededtostop8allthethingsIcouldn'tdoanymoreandfindsomething，anythingthatIcoulddo．LookingatMoxieandknowinghowmuchshe9mylife，Ithoughtaboutthemany10whocouldbenefitfromaservicedogbutmightnotbeabletopaythehigh