50分阅读理解提分练(一)

50分阅读理解提分练(一)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2025·江西赣州考前第三次模拟卷)Thesefourpeoplefromaroundtheworldprovethat,together,wecanreshapethefutureofourplanet.DianeWilsonInDecember2019,DianeWilsonwonalandmarkcaseagainstFormosaPlastics,oneoftheworld'slargestplasticcompanies,forgettingridofpoisonousplasticwasteillegallyonTexas'GulfCoast.The$50millionsettlementisthelargestawardinacitizensuitagainstanindustrialpolluterinthehistoryoftheUSCleanWaterAct.Asapartofthesettlement,FormosaPlasticsagreedtostopthrowingawayplasticwasteandfundremediation(补救)ofaffectedlocalwetlands,beaches,andwaterways.DelimaSilalahiDelimaSilalahiledacampaigntosecurelegalcontrolof17，824acresoftropical(热带的)forestlandforsixindigenouscommunitiesinNorthSumatra,Indonesia．Hercommunity'sactivismreclaimedthisterritoryfromapulp(纸浆)andpapercompany.Thesixcommunitieshavebegunrestoringtheforests,creatingvaluablecarbonsinksofbiodiverseIndonesiantropicalforest.TeroMustonenSinceApril2018,TeroMustonenhasledtherestorationof62severelydestroyedformerindustrialpeat(泥炭)miningandforestrysitesthroughoutFinland—totaling86，000acres—andtransformedthemintoproductive,biodiversewetlandsandhabitats.Richinorganicmatter,peatlandsarehighlyeffectivecarbonsinks.Roughlyone－thirdofFinland'ssurfaceareaismadeupofpeatlands.AlessandraKorapMundurukuAlessandraKorapMundurukuorganisedcommunityeffortstostopminingdevelopmentbyBritishminingcompanyAngloAmericaninBrazil'sAmazonrainforest.InMay2021,thecompanyformallycommitteditselftowithdrawing27approvedresearchapplicationstomineinsideindigenousterritories,includingtheSawréMuybuIndigenousTerritory,whichcontainsmorethan400，000acresofrainforest.ThedecisionprotectsacriticallythreatenedareaoftheAmazonfromfurthermininganddeforestation.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四个人为地球所做出的贡献。1．Whofiledasuitagainstacompany？(

)A．DianeWilson.B．TeroMustonen.C．DelimaSilalahi.D．AlessandraKorapMunduruku.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据文章中“DianeWilson”部分中“InDecember2019,DianeWilsonwonalandmarkcaseagainstFormosaPlastics,oneoftheworld'slargestplasticcompanies,forgettingridofpoisonousplasticwasteillegallyonTexas'GulfCoast.”可知，黛安·威尔逊起诉了一家公司。故选A。2．WhichofthefollowingwasTeroMustonendevotedto？(

)A．Promotingtheindustrialpeatmining.B．Repairingthedamagedonetopeatlands.C.Restoringbiodiversewetlandsandhabitats.D.Controllingthedevelopmentofcarbonstores.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章“TeroMustonen”部分中“SinceApril2018,TeroMustonenhasledtherestorationof62severelydestroyedformerindustrialpeat(泥炭)miningandforestrysitesthroughoutFinland—totaling86，000acres—andtransformedthemintoproductive,biodiversewetlandsandhabitats.”可知，TeroMustonen致力于修复被严重破坏的前工业泥炭采矿和林业场所。故选B。3．Whatcanweinferaboutthepeoplementionedinthetext？(

)A．Theyarehighlycreative.B．Theyareveryconsiderate.C．Theyarehumanrightsactivists.D．Theyareenvironmentaldefenders.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thesefourpeoplefromaroundtheworldprovethat,together,wecanreshapethefutureofourplanet.”以及下文介绍了他们为了保护地球环境所做出的贡献。可知，他们是环境保护卫士。故选D。B(2025·山东临沂高三一模)Four-year-oldCamilalovestodressupandrarelyleavesthehousewithoutlipstick.Camila'smotherAnnetteVeaLopezdidn'talwaysknowhowtorespondtoCamila'sself-expression,butsinceparticipatingintheCasadelosNinosParentsasTeachersprogram,shenowacceptsherdaughter'sfashionchoiceshappily.“Camila'sbeenveryindependentsinceshewasveryyoung，”VeaLopezsaid.“Adultswouldalwayscommentonhermakeupandhowshedressed.Shewasalwaysverygirly.She's4nowandstillthatway.That'sjustherpersonality.Weloveherjustassheis.AndwelovethatParentsasTeachersalwaysencouragedustoletCamilabeherself.”VeaLopezheardabouttheParentsasTeachershomevisitationprogramfromafriendwhosuggestedthatshetakepartwiththen1-year-oldCamila．TheFTFPSRPCouncilfundsthisprogramtohelpparentsbecometheirchild'sfirstandbestteachers.ParentsasTeachersgivesfamiliespersonalized,in-homesupportthroughatrainedparenteducator.Duringhomevisits,theparenteducatorintroducedthefamilytoactivitiesthatsupportsocial-emotionaldevelopment,suchasbeingabletorecognizeandlabelemotions.VeaLopeznoticestheimpacttheseactivitieshavehadonherdaughter.“IseethatCamila'sconfidenceandself-esteemhavegrown.Shebegantoopenuptomemoreandtalkaboutwhenshewasfeelinganxiousorwhatsheneededsupportwith.”saidVeaLopez.Camilarecentlygraduatedfromtheprogramandisreadyforkindergarten.VeaLopezfeels_indebted_toParentsasTeachersforhelpinggetherthere.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了四岁女孩Camila和她的母亲AnnetteVeaLopez参与“家长即教师”项目后，母亲学会了如何更好地支持女儿的自我表达，以及该项目对家庭产生的积极影响。4．HowdidAnnettefeelaboutCamila'sself-expressionatfirst？(

)A．Helpless.B．Favorable.C．Unclear.

D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Camila'smotherAnnetteVeaLopezdidn'talwaysknowhowtorespondtoCamila'sself-expression”可推知，一开始Annette对于Camila的自我表达感到无助。故选A。5．WhatcanweknowfromVeaLopez'swordsinParagraph2？(

)A．Camilahaschangedherpersonalityasshegrowsolder.B．ParentsasTeacherssupportsCamilatobetruetoherself.C．Camila'sindependencestartedwhenshewas4yearsold.D．Adults'commentsonCamilahadanegativeimpactonher.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘That'sjustherpersonality.Weloveherjustassheis.AndwelovethatParentsasTeachersalwaysencouragedustoletCamilabeherself.’”可推知，“家长即教师”项目支持Camila保持自我。故选B。6．WhatisthepurposeoftheParentsasTeachersproject？(

)A．Toraisemoremoneyforneedyfamilies.B．Toensuregreatharmonyineveryfamily.C．Totrainchildrentobemorepersonalized.D．Tohelpparentsbringuptheirchildrenwell.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheFTFPSRPCouncilfundsthisprogramtohelpparentsbecometheirchild'sfirstandbestteachers.ParentsasTeachersgivesfamiliespersonalized,in-homesupportthroughatrainedparenteducator.”可推知，该项目的目的是帮助父母更好地抚养和教育孩子。故选D。7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“feelsindebtedto”meaninthelastparagraph？(

)A．Sponsors.B．Boosts.C．Credits.D．Assesses.答案：C解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Camilarecentlygraduatedfromtheprogramandisreadyforkindergarten.”及下文“forhelpinggetherthere”可知，Camila顺利毕业，VeaLopez认为是

“家长即教师”

项目帮助Camila成长，所以她应该是感激这个项目。由此可知，feelsindebtedto表示“感到感激或欠某人的情”，C选项“Credits”有“归功于；感激”的意思，最贴近“feelsindebtedto”的含义。故选C。C(2025·南京、盐城第二次模拟)DancinglowersthedepressionassociatedwithParkinson'sdisease,andthebenefitscanbeseeninmultipleways,anewstudyshows.“Itwasverycooltoseedancehadapositiveeffectonthemoodcircuitsinthebrain,whichwecouldseeintheimagingfromMRIbrainscans(扫描)，”saysJosephDeSouza,authorofthestudy.“Theseimprovementswerealsoreportedbytheparticipantsviasurvey.Ourstudyisthefirsttodemonstratethesebenefitsacrossthesetwodetectionmethods.”Thestudyfollowed23participantswithParkinson'sdiseasefromtheSharingDanceParkinson'sprogramatCanada'sNationalBalletSchool,alongwithfamilymembersorcaregivers.Participantstookweeklydanceclassesfor8months,progressingfromsimplelegandfootworktomorecomplexmovementslikewaltzesandmore.Theresearchteamfocusedonthesubcallosalcingulategyrus(SCG),abrainregionlinkedtodepression.TheymeasuredmoodanddepressionbeforeandaftereachclassusingtheGeriatricDepressionScale(GDS)(老年抑郁量表)andconductedregularMRIscans.Theresearchersfoundthataftereachdanceclass,reporteddepressionratesdropped,andtheeffectwasincreasingfromclasstoclass,withsignificantimprovementsafter8months.“WeshowedthatSCG'sBOLD(bloodoxygenleveldependent)signaldecreaseswhiledancing,whichmeanstheSCGwasnotfunctioningasfastasitwouldifyouhaddepression，”saysDeSouza．“Parkinson'sdiseaseisoftenaccompaniedbydepressionlongbeforemotorsymptoms(症状)appear.”Danceisthoughttohaveadoublebenefit,withmusicactivatingthebrain'srewardcenters,andthemovementactingonsensoryandmotorcircuits.DeSouza,dancingwithparticipantsfor14years,saysthatwhiledancingisnotatreatmentforParkinson'sdiseasebyitself,thebenefitsareclear.“We'renottryingtocureitwithdance，”hesays.“Whatwe'retryingtodoistohavepeopleliveabetterqualityoflife.Thisgoesforboththepatients,andtheirfamiliesthattakecareofthem.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了跳舞能缓解帕金森患者的抑郁症状。8．Whatdoweknowabouttheresultsofthetwodetectionmethods？(

)A．Theyfallshortofexpectations.B．Theyaremoreaccuratethanbefore.C．Theyaredistinctfromeachother.D．Theyshowconsistentconclusions.答案：D解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中“‘Theseimprovementswerealsoreportedbytheparticipantsviasurvey.Ourstudyisthefirsttodemonstratethesebenefitsacrossthesetwodetectionmethods.’”可知，这两种检测方法得出的结论是一致的。故选D。9．Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy？(

)A．Byreferringtopreviousstudies.B．Bymakingpre-postcomparisons.C．Byemployingcomputermodeling.D．Byconductingdrugexperiments.答案：B解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段中“TheymeasuredmoodanddepressionbeforeandaftereachclassusingtheGeriatricDepressionScale(GDS)(老年抑郁量表)andconductedregularMRIscans.”可知，研究者们是通过做前后对比来进行研究的。故选B。10．WhatdidtheresearchersfindabouttheSCG？(

)A．Itisinchargeofmotorsystem.B．ItcanbemeasuredbytheGDS.C．Dancingslowsdownitsfunctioning.D．DepressionweakensitsBOLDsignal.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由文章第四段中“‘WeshowedthatSCG'sBOLD(bloodoxygenleveldependent)signaldecreaseswhiledancing,whichmeanstheSCGwasnotfunctioningasfastasitwouldifyouhaddepression，’saysDeSouza．”可知，研究者们发现跳舞会减缓SCG的功能。故选C。11．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext？(

)A．DancingAwayParkinson'sBluesB．Dancing:MultipleBenefitsToBeSeenC．DancingWithYourMoodCircuitsD．Dancing:AJourneyToMentalWell-being答案：A解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“DancinglowersthedepressionassociatedwithParkinson'sdisease,andthebenefitscanbeseeninmultipleways,anewstudyshows.”可知，本文主要讲述了跳舞能够缓解帕金森患者的抑郁症状，“DancingAwayParkinson'sBlues(跳舞驱散帕金森的忧郁)”最适合作文章标题。故选A。D(2025·雅礼中学高三冲刺训练)Ithasbeenmorethanfiftyyearssincemanlastsetfootonthemoonbutwe'regoingback.In2023,bothRussiaandIndialaunchedunmannedprobes(探测器)designedtolandonthemoon.Unfortunately,theRussianprobehadanenginemisfireonitsapproachtothemoonandcrashed.AlthoughRussiahasneverlandedpeopleonthemoon,ithaslandedunmannedprobesonthemoon,althoughthelasttimethathappenedwasin1976.Chinawasthethirdcountrytosuccessfullylandanexperimentalpackageonthemoonandthefirsttodiscoverstrangeglassbeads(珠)thatitestimatescouldcontainvastamountsofwater.InJune2024,China'sChang'e-6spacecraftsuccessfullylandedonthefarsideofthemoon,markingthefirstlandingthere,andbroughtbacklunarsamplestoEarth.Chinahasannounceditaimstoputitsastronautsonthemoonby2030.TheAmericansarealsoheadedforthemoon.TheyplantolaunchavehiclecalledArtemisTwoin2025withfourastronautsonboard.TheUSalsohopestohavescientistslivingonthemoonby2030.Allofthisspaceexplorationisdangerousandextremelycostlybuttherearegoodreasonstogoback.ThereisalotwecanlearnaboutthehistoryoftheEarthbylookingcarefullyatthegeology(地质学)ofthemoon.If,infact,thereiswaternearthemoon'ssouth-pole,thatcouldalsogiveusvaluableinformationaboutourownorigins.Themoonisseenasastepping-stonetowardsmannedlandingsonMars.MannedexplorationoftheRedPlanetiscertainlypossiblewithinourlifetimes.It'sfascinatingtowatchthisactivity,butdon'tholdyourbreathwaitingforEarthlingstovisitanotherinhabitable(适合居住的)planet,onethatcouldsupportuswithouttheneedforspace-suits.Theclosestoneofthoseisthoughttobeorbitinganotherstarmorethanfourlight-yearsaway,ajourneythatwouldtakemorethansixthousandyearsandmanygenerationsusingcurrenttechnology.Willwegettheresomeday?Perhaps,andthecurrentspaceexplorationmaybebaby-stepstowardsthatday.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯、中国和美国的月球探索计划及其成果，同时探讨了月球探索的重要性和面临的挑战。12．Whathappenedtothe2023Russianlunarmission？(

)A．Theprobebrokedownontheway.B．Thespacecraftcaughtfireonthemoon.C．Itlastedlongerthanthe1976mission.D．Itsentanunmannedprobetothemoon.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately,theRussianprobehadanenginemisfireonitsapproachtothemoonandcrashed.(不幸的是，俄罗斯探测器在接近月球时发动机发生故障并坠毁。)”可知，2023年俄罗斯的月球任务中，探测器在接近月球时发生了发动机故障并坠毁。故选A。13．WhichofthefollowingisarecordcreatedbyChina'slunarexploration？(

)A．Collectinglunarsamples.B．Landingastronautsonthemoon.C．Launchingthefirstlunarprobe.D．Gainingbeadswithpotentialforwater.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chinawasthethirdcountrytosuccessfullylandanexperimentalpackageonthemoonandthefirsttodiscoverstrangeglassbeads(珠)thatitestimatescouldcontainvastamountsofwater.(中国是第三个成功将实验包着陆在月球上的国家，也是第一个发现奇怪玻璃珠的国家，据估计这些玻璃珠可能含有大量水分。)”可知，中国是第一个发现可能含有大量水分的玻璃珠的国家，这是由中国月球探索创造的纪录。故选D。14．Whyisthepresenceofwateronthemoonimportantaccordingtotheauthor？(

)A．Itmakesfurthermoon-landingpossible.B．Itsupportshumanactivitieswithoutspacesuits.C．Itmayrevealhowhumanscameintobeing.D．Itisessentialforfindinganotherinhabitableplanet.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“If,infact,thereiswaternearthemoon'ssouth-pole,thatcouldalsogiveusvaluableinformationaboutourownorigins.(如果月球南极附近确实有水，那么这也可以为我们提供关于我们自身起源的宝贵信息。)”可知，作者认为月球上存在水很重要，因为它可能揭示人类的起源。故选C。15．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesearchforanotherinhabitableplanet？(

)A．It'sawasteoftime.B．It'stoofartoachieve.C．It'smatureandfruitful.D．Ittakeseffortsofgenerations.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theclosestoneofthoseisthoughttobeorbitinganotherstarmorethanfourlight-yearsaway,ajourneythatwouldtakemorethansixthousandyearsandmanygenerationsusingcurrenttechnology.(据认为，离地球最近的一颗行星正围绕另一颗恒星运行，距离超过4光年，使用目前的技术，这段旅程将需要6000多年和多代人的努力。)”可推知，作者认为寻找另一个适合居住的星球需要多代人的努力。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2025·湖南高三押题卷)WhatYourDogIsReallyThinkingReadingapup'sbodylanguagedemandsexperienceandexpertguidance.ZazieTodd,adogtrainerandthefounderoftheblogCompanionAnimalPsychology,offersinsightsintodecodingyourdog'sbehavior.IFYOURDOGLOOKSREMORSEFULATAMESSWhenyoureturnhometoamessandyourdogseemsremorseful(懊悔的),itanticipatespunishment,yetmaynotgraspitswrongdoing.In2009,AlexandraHorowitztestedthe“guiltylook”.Findingsshoweditlinkedmoretoownerscolding(责骂)thanthedog'smisdeed.Cambridgeresearchfurtherindicateddogsmaynotfeelguilt,acomplexsecondaryemotion.1(____)Asaresult,ifyourdogshowsthis“guiltylook”，don'tassumeitknowsitdidwrong.IFYOURDOGLICKSTHEIRMOUTH2(____)Europeanstudiesrevealedthislickingoccursinresponsetoanangryfaceon-screenoramildthreat.Ifyounoticethis,giveyourdogmorespacetoreducestress.It'simportanttorecognizethatthisisn'tasignofwantingfood.IFYOURDOGSHAKESDURINGFIREWORKSFireworknoisesscaredogs,makingthemshake.Manyownersmissthisfearsign.Researchshowshalfofdogsdisplayfear-relatedbehaviors,thoughonlyaquarterofownersthinktheirdogsfearloudnoises.3(____)Long-term,plandesensitizationorconsultavet.IFYOURDOG'STAILISDOWNATTHEVETAtthevet,adogwithadown-turnedtailisanxious.Obvioussignsarehidingorleaving,butatuckedtailandloweredearsareoftenmissed.Ifyourdogisstressed,askthevetforsolutions.4(____)IFYOURDOGLEANSINTOYOUWHILEBEINGPETTEDIfyourdogleansinduringpetting,itenjoysit.Unsure?Doaconsenttest:stopandcheckitsreaction.5(____)Discomfortsignsincludesniffingorlookingaway.A．Ifitwandersoff,the