专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷37

专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷37

一、常规阅读理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。)

OfalltheextraordinaryeventsinthelifeofJohnPaulII,fewcancomparewiththe21

minuteshespentinawhiie-walledcellinRome'sRebibiaprison.JustafterChristmas,

1983,thepopevisitedMehmetAliAgca,themanwho30monthsearlierhadshothimin

St.Peter'sSquare.HepresentedAgcawithasilverrosary,andsomethingelseaswell:his

forgiveness.ItrequiresaChrist-likeforbearancetopardonawould-beassassin,of

course.Buthowmanyofusarereadytoforgiveanunfaithfullover,ascheming

colleagueoreventhejerkwhocutintothelineatKrispyKreme?Persistent

unforgivenessispartofhumannature,butitappearstoworktothedetrimentnotjustof

ourspiritualwell-beingbutourphysicalhealthaswell.Thesubjectisoneofthehottest

fieldofresearchinclinicalpsychologytoday,withmorethan1,200publishedstudies,up

fromjust58asrecentlyas1997.Itevenhasitsownfoundation—ACampaignfor

ForgivenessResearch-whichsponsoredaconferencelastyearwithpapersontopics

like"ExploringGenderDifferencesinForgiveness."(Thelargestnumberofpapersdealt

withforgivenessinmaritalandromanticrelationships,whichseemtogeneratean

inordinateamountofinterpersonalresentment.)Dr.DeanOrnish,America'sall-purpose

lifestyleguru-regardsforgivenessasthetofuofthesoul,ahealthfulalternativeto(he

redmeatofangerandvengeance.'"Inaway,"Ornishsays,"themostselfishthingyou

candoforyourselfistoforgiveotherpeople."Researchsuggeststhatforgivenessworks

inatleasttwoways.Oneisbyreducingthestressofthestateofunforgiveness,apotent

mixtureofbitterness,anger,hostility,hatred,resentmentandfear(ofbeinghurtor

humiliatedagain).Thesehavespecificphysiologicconsequences—suchasincreased

bloodpressureandhormonalchanges—linkedtocardiovasculardisease,immune

suppressionand,possibly,impairedneurologicalfunctionandmemory.Onestudy

examined20individualsinhappyrelationships,matchedwith20introubled

relationships.Thelatterhadhigherbaselinelevelsofcortisol,ahormoneassociatedwith

impairedimmunefunction—whichshotupevenfurtherwhentheywereaskedtothink

abouttheirrelationships."Ilhappensdowntheline,buteverytimeyoufeel

unforgiveness,youaremorelikelytodevelopahealthproblem,"saysEverett

Worthington,executivedirectorofACampaignforForgivenessResearch.Theother

benefitofforgivenessismoresubtle;itrelatesresearchshowingthatpeoplewithstrong

socialnetworks—offriends,neighborsandfamily-tendtobehealthierthanloners.

Someonewhonursesgrudgesandkeepstrackofeveryslightisobviouslygoingtoshed

somerelationshipsoverthecourseofalifetime.Forgiveness,saysCharlottevanOyen

Witvliet,aresearcheratHopeCollegeinHolland,Mich.,shouldbeincorporatedinto

one'spersonality,awayoflife,notmerelyaresponsetospecificinsults.Infact,

forgivenessturnsouttobeasurprisinglycomplexprocess,accordingtomany

researchers.Worthingtondistinguisheswhathecalls"decisionalforgiveness"—a

commitmenttoreconcilingwiththeperpetrator——fromthemoresignificant"emotional

forgiveness,"aninternalstateofacceptance.Forgivenessdoesnotrequireustoforgo

justice,ortomakeuptopeoplewchaveeveryrighttodespise.Angerhasitsplaceinthe

panoplyofhumanemotions,butitshouldn'tbecomeawayoflife."WhenItalkabout

forgiveness,Imeanlettinggo,notexcusingtheotherpersonorreconcilingwiththemor

condoning(hebehavior,"saysOrnish."Justlettinggoofyourownsuffering.""h'sa

process,notamoment,"saysDr.EdwardM.Hallowell,aHarvardpsychiatristandthe

authorof"DaretoForgive."Forgiveness,heemphasizes,has(obecultivated;itgoes

againstanaturalhumanlendency(oseekrevengeand(heredressofinjustice.Forthat

reason,herecommendsdoingitwithhelp~~offriends,atherapistorthroughprayer.It

wasfromhisfaiththatJohnPauldrewthestrengthtoforgiveMehmetAgcasetting(ashe

nodoubtintended)anexamplefortherestofus.Themessageisthesamewhetherit's

couchedinthelanguageofChristiancharity,clinicalpsychologyorthewisdomof

Confucius,asquotedbyHallowell:"Ifyoudevoteyourlifetoseekingrevenge,firstdig

twograves."

1、Accordingtothepassage,forgivenesswillleadto.

A、immunesuppression

impairedmemory

C、increasedbloodpressure

D、lowerbaselinelevelsofcortisol

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考察对第三段的理解。文章中讲的是不宽恕会带来的后果，如选

项A、B和C,因此与题意不符，故排除。文章还说，如果人际关系不好，人体内

有一种荷尔蒙的基本水平就会上升，因此，宽恕会使这种荷尔蒙的水平下降，故选

项D为正确答案。

2、WhichofthefollowingconcerningunforgivcncssisNOTtrueaccordingtothe

secondparagraph?

A、Eveiyoneisinclinednotcoforgive.

B、Unfbrgivenessisharmfultopeople'sphysicalhealth.

C、Unfbrgivenessisonlyharmfilltopeople'sspiritualhealth.

D、Thefiguresindicateresearchershaverealizedtheimportanceofforgiveness.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中说"Persistentunfbrgivenessispartofhumannature,hutitappearsto

worktothedetrimentnotjustofourspiritualwell-beingbutourphysicalhealthas

well.”选项A、B和D与原文相符，故排除。所以C为正确答案。

3、Thefourthparagraphstatesthefollowingexcept.

A^Lonersdonotforgiveothers.

B、Tobesociableisbetterfbrpeople'shealth.

C、Forgivenesscanhelpyoumakemorefriends.

D、Forgivenessshouldbecomepartofone'spersonality.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考察刈第四段的理解。第四段的大意是社会关系广的人比孤独的

人身体好，如果一个人不肯宽恕他人，他就会成为一个孤独的人，他的身体就会受

到影响。选项B、C和D与原文意思一致，故排除。一个人如果不肯宽恕他人就会

成为一个孤独的人，但并不意味着孤独的人都是不肯宽恕他人的人，所以选项A

与原文不符，故为正确答案。

4、Accordingtothepassage,forgivenessmeans.

A^givingupjustice

B、excusingtheotherperson

C、stoppingthinkingofanger

D^reconcilingwiththeotherperson

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考察对第五段的理解。原文说“WhenItalkaboutforgiveness,I

meanletttinggo,notexcusingtheotherpersonorreconcilingwiththemorcondoningthe

behavior,“saysOrnish.t4Jvstlettinggoofyourownsuffering.所以选项C符合

题意，为正确答案。

5、AccordingtoHallowell,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Ittakestimetoforgive.

B、Itisdifficultfbrpeopletoforgive.

C、Onewillgethurtbyone'srevengeagainstothers.

D、JohnPaulforgaveMehmetAge甸uslinordertosetanexamplefbrtheothers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考察对最后一段的理解。宽恕是一个过程，是需要时间来完成

的；宽恕违背了人类复仇佬天性，因而是很难做到的；而复仇对双方都是不好的，

所以选项A、B和C与原文一致，故排除。保罗教皇原谅刺杀者的本意并不是为大

家树立一个榜样，但他的做法却达到「这一目的。故选项D为正确答案。

IfJimDehlseneverneedstoremindhimselfwhy,at67,he'sstilltryingtosavetheworld,

allhehastodoisglanceoutsidehiswindow.Theofficesofhisthree-year-oldfirm,

ClipperWindpower,lookacrossCalifornia's(ranquilSantaBarbaraChanneland,inthe

distance,totheremotemarinesanctuaryofSantaCruzisland.Marringthatviewareeight

oilrigsjuttingintotheoceanmist.In1969awellunderneathoneplatformruptured,

releasing200,000gallonsofcrudeintotheharbor,coatingbeachesandkillingthousands

ofbirds.TodaytheoilrigsrepresentDehlsenAmerica'sdependenceonfossilfuels.

"We'renotonlydepletingthoseresourcesbutreachingthelimitsofwhattheplanetcan

absorb,intermsofemissions."hesays."Andthatisclearing(hewayforthereturnof

windpower."Notlongagowindpowerwasthedomainoffringescientistsand

environmentalists.Inthe1970stheideaofharvestingthewind'skineticenergyand

convertingitintoelectronswasimpractical:thefirstrickety,garage-builtturbinesoften

self-destructedinstorms.Theindustrygrewinthe80'sand90's,butwindwasstilltoo

costly,generatingpoweratmorethan10centsperkilowatthour,versuslessthanfive

centsfbrcoalandotherfossilfuels.Eventoday,windpowerfeedslessthanhalfof1

percentofAmerica'sravenousenergyappetite,andabout5percentofGermany'sand

Spain's.Bintheindustryismaturingandgrowingquickly—andisbeginning(ofindits

placeasoneviableelementintheenergypuzzle.Dehlsenisoneofitspioneers.Hisfirst

windcompany,Zond—foundedin1980andsoldtoEnronin1997—wassynonymous

withmanyearlybreakthroughs.Thefirmwasthefirsttoaddwindenergytothe

Californiaelectricitygridandtobringscientificrigortothelocatingofwindfarmsand

thedevelopmentofwindturbines.InrecentyearsmuchbiggercompanieslikeGeneral

Electric,whichboughtwhatwasleftofZondafterEnronimploded,haveenteredthe

field.Withrapidlyimprovingtechnologyandmajorcorporatemusclebehindwind

power,costsarefalling:windcontractsnowaveragethreecentsperkilowatthour(with

(axsubsidies),cheaperthancoalandcomparable(onaturalgasandoil.Becausethewind

isuncontrolled-itdoesn'talwaysblow一thechallengeistodrivecostsdownfurther.

Still,saysBobThresheroftheDepartmentofEnergy'sNationalRenewableEnergyLab,

"windisthefirstrenewabletechnologythatisverynearlycompetitivein(hemarketfor

bulkpowergeneration."Forhispart,DehlsenhasreturnedtothefraywithClipper,

whichseekstoreplayZond'soriginalgameplan:brokernewwindfarmsaroundthe

worldandusetherevenuestcfundadvancementsinwindtechnology.Clipperis

currentlyopeningfarms,suchasIowa'sFlyingCloud,a44-megawattwindplant

activatedinJulythatwillbringinasizablepieceofClipper's$11.5millioninrevenues

thisyear.LaterthisyearClipperwillunveilitsownenvelope-pushingturbinedesign.

TheC93Libertyisa25-megawattturbinewitharotorspanof305feet;itfeaturesa

sophisticatedmechanismtodistributethetorquefromhigh-speedwindsamongfouron­

boardelectricitygenerators.That,Dehlsenboasts,willtranslateintothemostefficient

turbineintheindustry,makingwindpowerevenmoreattractivewhencomparedwith

newcoalandnatural-gaspowerplants.Thenewturbinesarealsooptimizedforusein

moderatewinds,whichwouldallowwindfarmstobelocatedclosertotransmissiongrids

thantheytypicallyaretoday.GEandothersareworkingonsimilaradvances,including

largermachinesforoffshoresites.Politics,asmuchasinnovation,willgovernthefuture.

WhileEuropeangovernmentsheavilysubsidizewindproduction,theUnitedSlatesstill

funnelsfargreaterresourcesintotaxbreaksforoilcompanies,andhasevenrecently

allowedthewind-productiontaxcredittoexpire.(DehlsenandothersthinkCongresswill

eventuallyrenewthewindtaxcredit.)ButDehlsenthinksthekeyisincreasingcost

efficiency,sothattheattractionofwindbecomesirresistible.Dehlsensaysthecostof

windneedstofallbelowthreecentsperkilowatthour—withouttaxcredits—totruly

breaksociety'saddictiontofossilfuels."It'sstillnotthere,butwc'rcgettingclose,"he

says.He'stryingtobuildonthe$18millionhehasalreadyraisedfrominvestors,andto

expand.HeplanstoopenawindfarminOaxaca,Mexico,thelargestinLatinAmerica,

andin2006Clipperwillintrcduceanewturbinewithretractablerotors,sothatthesize

oftheturbinecanbealteredtomatchthespeedofthewind.(Inlowwinds,longerblades

aremoreproductive.)Asforthefutureof(heplanet.Dehlsenislesssanguine.Hepliesa

visitorwithtractsondireclimatetrendsandAmerica'sinsatiablethirstforfossilfuels.

Theevidence,hesays,isrightoutsidehiswindow.

6、Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A、Thelocationofhisfirm.

Thedisadvantagesoffossilfuels.

C、ThereasonforJimDchken'scareer

D、America'sdependenceonfossilfiiels.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本段讲的是戴尔森办公室窗外的钻探平台时刻告诉着他自己从事风能

研究这项事业的原因。故选项A为正确答案。

7、Whichof由efollowingisNOTtrueaboutwindpower?

A^Windwasveryexpensiveinthe90's.

B、Theturbinesbuiltinthe70'swerefragile.

C、Windpowerstillcannotcompetewithfossilfuels.

D、WindisstillnotfavoredtodayinAmericaforitshighcost.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；由第二段的“thefirstrickety,garage-builtturbinesoftenself-destructedin

storms.”可知，选项B与原文相符，故排除；由“Theindustrygrewinthe80'sand

9(Ts,butwindwasstilltoocostly,“可知，选项A与原文一致，故排除；而且“Even

today,windpowerfeedslessthanhalfof1percentofAmerica'sravenousenergy

叩pelite,”告诉我们，风能为不能和传统的燃料相抗衡，故排除C；但是第三段的

“costsarefalling:windcontractsnowaveragethreecentspe