英语五种基本句型ppt

1、英语的基本句型,蓬溪县高中高三英语,五种基本句型,主语+不及物动词 Everybody smiled. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 He knows everything. 3. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I showed him my passport. 4. 主语+系动词+表语 The boy looks healthy. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语 What made you angry?,祈使句的主语一般都省略掉,一 主语+不及物动词,1.主语+不及物动词 The sun is rising. Its snowing. Can you read?,2.主语+不及物动

2、词+状语 Did you sleep well? She often dreams. You go first and I will follow behind.,3. 主语+不及物动词+副词(构成成语动词) The engine broke down. How did the accident come about? The bomb blew up.,4.主语+不及物动词(有被动意思) Is the book selling well? Does this cloth wash well?,这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟

3、副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,1. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。 2. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。 3. 他们谈了半个小时。 4. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。 5. 这支笔书写流利。,1. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。 The sun is shining brightly. 2. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。 We all breathe, eat and drink.,3. 他们谈了半个小时。 They talked for half an hour. 4. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。 They were singing when we arrived. 5. 这支笔书写流利。 The pen writes smoothl

4、y .,二 主语+及物动词+宾语,1.主语+及物动词+名词(代词) Do you know them? He loved ice-cream. What did he say?,2. 主语+及物动词+反身代词 Now I will introduce myself. They blamed themselves for the accident.,3.主语+及物动词+同源宾语 He smiled a strange smile. As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 4.主语+成语动词+宾语 He handed in his homework this mornin

5、g. They are looked down on by everyone. 5. 主语+及物动词+不定式(做宾语) We cant afford to pay such a price. You must try to improve. He forgot which way to go.,6.主语+及物动词+动名词(做宾语) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? I prefer standing. I propose resting for half an hour. 7.主语+及物动词+从句 (做宾语) He claimed that h

6、e saw the accident. I suggested (that) we (should) leave early. Do you see why I did it? Can you tell which is which? She asked if she might call and see me. Ill do what I can. I dont remember when that happened.,这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,1. 谁知道答案

7、? 2. 他喜欢看书。 3. 他说：“早上好！” 4. 我想喝杯茶 5. 他拒绝帮他们。 6. 他承认犯了错误,1.谁知道答案? Who knows the answer? 2. 他喜欢看书。 He enjoys reading. 3. 他说：“早上好！” He said “Good morning.”,4. 我想喝杯茶 I want to have a cup of tea. 5. 他拒绝帮他们。 He has refused to help them. 6. 他承认犯了错误 . He admits that he was mistaken.,三 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,1.主语

8、+双宾动词+名词/代词+名词 She give me her telephone number. (to) Ill make you some fresh tea. (for) They forgave him his crimes. 2.主语+双宾动词+名词/代词+从句 I have warned him that it is not allowed. She showed me where her leg hurt. Tell me whatever you know about it.,分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。

9、这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。,间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如： Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. = Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。,间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, t

10、each, take, return, send, pass等。例如： Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。 注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如： 误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.,1.他把这本书给了他的 2.我将写给你一封长信。 3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 7. 他教我开机器。,1. 他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

11、He gave the book to his sister. 2. 我将写给你一封长信。 Ill write you a long letter. 3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 He brought you a dictionary. 4. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.,5. 我给他看我的照片。 I showed him my pictures. 6. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 I told him that the bus was late. 7. 他教我开机器。 He showed me how to run the

12、machine.,1.主语+系动词+形容词 How are you? Im fine. He has fallen ill. They kept silent. 2.主语+系动词+名词 His dream has at last become a reality. He appeared a fool. It sounds a good idea.,四 主语+系动词+表语,3.主语+系动词+副词 Is Helen in? Summer is over. Youd better keep away from that guy. 4.主语+系动词+介词短语 You know what you ar

13、e after. Keep off the grass. The students are in favour of reform. 5.主语+系动词+不定式 His plan is to keep it secret. The only thing now is to take a taxi. Surely she was to be trusted.,6.主语+系动词+动名词 My job is repairing cars. Talking to him is talking to a wall. Their favourite pastime is playing chess. 7.主

14、语+系动词+从句 My opinion is that the plan wont work. The question is what you want to do. Thats where we differ. Thats how I look at it. The problem is who can be put in charge.,8.主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语 She is fond of this country. I was sick of lying in bed. They seem delighted with the result. 9.主语+系动词+形容词+不定

15、式 Im happy to meet you. She was eager to see her people. 10.主语+系动词+形容词+从句 Im glad you have come. Were not clear what theyre up to. I am not certain who he is. Hes doubtful whether he can afford it.,这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, see

16、m等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,1特纳先生是位画家。 2牛奶变酸了。 3.她当了律师. 4. 这是本英汉辞典。 5. 蛋糕味道很好。,6. 一切看来都不同了。 7. 他长得又高又壮。 8. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 9. 我们的井干枯了。 10. 他的脸红了。,1.特纳先生是位画家。 Mr. Turner is an artist. 2.牛奶变酸了。 The milk turned sour. 3.她当了律师. She became a lawyer. 4. 这

17、是本英汉辞典。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 5. 蛋糕味道很好。 The cake smells good.,6. 一切看来都不同了。 Everything looks different. 7. 他长得又高又壮。 He is growing tall and strong. 8. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 The trouble is that they are short of money. 9. 我们的井干枯了。 Our well has gone dry. 10. 他的脸红了。 His face turned red.,五 主语+及物动词+

18、宾语+宾语补语,1.主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词 I thought her so nice and sincere. They didnt believe such a thing possible. He found it difficult to satisfy their needs. 2.主语+及物动词+宾语+名词 They called their daughter Mary. We elected Smith our chairman. We thought it our duty to help them.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语 He put his books

19、in order. This placed her in a very difficult position. She was placed in a very difficult position. 4.主语+及物动词+宾语+副词 She wished herself home. Dont leave me behind. 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式 What do you advise me to do? I wish you to be happy? We all felt the plan to be unwise.,6.主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式 We cant l

20、et this go on. Did you notice him come in? 7.主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词 I saw her chatting with Nancy. I hate you being unhappy. I could smell trouble coming. 8.主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词 He watched the piano carried upstairs. You must make yourself respected. You have to get a photograph taken.,分析这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，

21、但是只跟 一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语 和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式 、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词 make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式， 则要省去不定式符号to。例如： He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。 I wont let you go. 我不会让你走。 I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。,1.我发现这本书不难。 2. 我将让他去。 3

22、. 他们叫他詹姆斯。 4.我们将保持桌面干净。 5.他们把门漆成绿色。,6. 他怎么会这样想? 7. 我们送他出去。 8. 他要我早点回来。 9. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。,1. 我发现这本书不难。 I found the book easy. 2. 我将让他去。 Ill let him go. 3. 他们叫他詹姆斯。 They called him James . 4.我们将保持桌面干净。 We will keep the table clean . 5. 他们把门漆成绿色。 They painted the door green.,6.他怎么会这样想? What makes him t

23、hink so？ 7. 我们送他出去。 We saw him out. 8. 他要我早点回来。 He asked me to come back soon. 9. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。I saw them getting on the bus.,练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型 Your sister dances beautifully. They proved that the earth was round. This food looks inviting. Doing that would be playing with fire.,主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾,5.They kept their marriage a secret. 6.He played dead. 7.She was nicknamed “Little Rabbit”. 8.Show me what you bought. 9.She never doubted that she was right. 10.Good food keeps you healthy.,主谓双宾,主谓,主谓宾,主谓双宾,主谓宾,主谓宾宾补,1.The palaces were large and beautiful. 2.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting