现在分词 动词不定式

1、多练字 多背书（好句子好段落好文章） 多积累（错题本，佳句本）,听说和考（15分）； 完形填空（30分）； 语法填空（15分）； 阅读理解（40分）； 信息匹配（10分）； 基础写作（15分）； 读写任务（25分）。,非谓语动词在语法填空题中的重要性。 语法填空。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和 上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适 当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空， 并将答案填写在答卷标号为1-10的相应位 置上,In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are ne

2、cessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves 2 correct with confidence and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences 3 are

3、 grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success in language learning. 4 good memory is a great help, but it is not,enough only 5 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 6 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by

4、using the language. 7 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8 (advise) for those 9 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 10 (write) the language whenever we

5、 can.,In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves 2 correct with confidence and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourth

6、ly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences 3 are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success in language learning. 4 good memory is a great help, but it is not,it,correctly,that,A,enough only 5 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by he

7、art long lists of words and 6 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 7 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8 (advise) for those 9 are studying a new langua

8、ge. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 10 (write) the language whenever we can.,to memorize,their,advice,who,writing,If,非谓语动词在写作中的重要性。 参考word文件,非谓语动词,分词（现在分词和过去分词）,动名词,动词不定式,语态,时态,主动式,被动式,一般式,完成式,doing,having been done,having done,being done,现在分词,1. 构成形式 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作 2. 可作成分 定语状

9、语补语表语 3. 现在分词的否定结构 由“not+现在分词”构成 4. 现在分词的被动式 (1) 现在分词的一般被动式。如： The building being built is our library. (2) 现在分词的完成被动式。如： Having been warned by the teacher, the students didnt make such mistakes.,现在分词,a. 作定语,一般都可以转化为一个定语从句 e.g.a running boy a boy who is running,1. The bell _ the end of the period ra

10、ng, _ our heated discussion. indicating; interrupting indicated; interrupting indicating; interrupted indicated; interrupted,A,2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. put B. to be putting C. to putD. putting 3. Did you meet anyone _ at the party? No, in fact,

11、I found the party rather _. interesting; boring B. interested; boring C. interesting; bored D. interested; bored,D,A,1. 告诉在外面玩的男孩不要制造太多噪音。 Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 2. 穿着漂亮的衣服的Linda，告诉我说她的衣服是 昨天

12、买的。 Linda, wearing beautiful clothes, told me that she bought it yesterday.,b. 作表语,现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征,The news was so _(inspire) that they were all_ (excite).,inspiring,excited,表示“令人的”都是ing形式(客观)， 表示“感到”都用ed形式（主观）。 若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.， 若人/ 物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb/sth is interesting。 这类词常见的有： inte

13、resting 使人感到高兴 interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的 surprising令人惊异的 surpsried感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的,What he had said was _ and made us _. surprised; surprisingB: surprising; surprised C:

14、surprised; surprisedD: surprising; surprising 2. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A: seatB: seating C: seatedD: to be seating 这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 The news sounds encouraging,B,C,注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在 逻辑上的主谓关系 即宾语是现在分词动作 的发出者,c. 作宾语补足语,Dont have the st

15、udents studying all day.,只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get catch leave set,Why do you have the water _ all the time? A: runB: to be running C: running D: being running 2. Why do you stand and watch the water _ there? A: boilingB: b

16、oiled C: from boilingD: being boiled,C,A,c. 作状语,作时间状语相当于when 引导的时间状语从句 Walking in the street, I saw him. When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him. 作原因状语相当于because 引导的原因状语从句 Being ill, she stayed at home. She stayed at home because she was ill. 作方式或者伴随状语，可以改写成并列句。,作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句 W

17、orking hard, you will succeed. You will succeed if you work hard. 作结果状语相当于so that 引导的结果状语从句 Tom died, leaving Tim a lot of money. Tom died, so that he left Tim a lot of money. 作让步状语从句相当于though引导的让步状语从句 Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart. He didnt lose heart though he had failed many times

18、.,More and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A: takingB: taken C: having takenD: having been taken 2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A: lackedB: lacking of C: lacking D: lacked in,A,C,3. _ for half

19、 a month, the town was running out of food and clothing. A: Having floodedB: As the town had flooded C: Having been flooded D: To have been flooded 4. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected(视察 ) the warships(军舰 ) in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary(周年纪念 ) of the founding of the PLA Navy（海军 ）. marking

20、B. marked C. having marked D. being marked,C,A,他发了一封邮件，希望得到更多的信息。 He sent an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 2. 小男孩一看到他的妈妈就停止了哭泣。 Seeing his mother, the little boy stopped crying. 3. 他站在窗户旁，看着正在玩耍的孩子们。 He stood by the window, watching the children playing.,正在建设中的桥梁十分重要。 The bridge being b

21、uilt is of great importance. 2. 被拒绝很多次之后，这个小男孩觉得很沮丧。 Having been turned down many times, the little boy felt discouraged. 3. 想着她肯定会迟到， Miss Smith决定打的。 Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi. 4. 他告诉我们是否去野餐还正在讨论之中。 He told us whether having a picnic was still under discussion.,语态

22、,时态,主动式,被动式,一般式,完成式,(not) to do,动词不定式,(not) to be done,(not) to have done,(not) to have been done,动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数， 其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后， 常用于下列句式中。如： It+be+名词+to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes

23、sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?,a. 不定式作主语和表语,It+be+形容词+for sb+to do （强调不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常用语difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等形容词。） It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It+ be+形容词+of sb+ to do 形容词作表语说明主语的

24、行为品质clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise，considerate, polite等表示赞扬或批评的词 It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.,It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.,b. 不定式作宾语,只能以不定式作宾语的动词有： （希望）wish, hope, expect, long, d

25、esire (早打算)plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend (同意否)agree, refuse (寻 问 看)seek, ask, beg (选定了)choose, decide, determine, promise (尽自愿)manage, volunteer, tend (称失败)claim, fail (敢装蒜)dare, pretend,常见的以不定式作宾语补足的动词和短语有 ask, allow, advise, beg, call on, expect, force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, de

26、pend on等 An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. A: to issueB: being issued C: to have issuedD: to be issued,c. 不定式作宾语补足语,A,2. 以省略to的不定式作补语的动词有 一感：feel 二听：listen to, hear 三使：have, let, make 五看：look at, see, watch, observe, notice 但在

27、被动语态中，不定式必须带to,Mr. Brown was made_ (give up) his teaching because of his poor health.,to give up,c. 不定式作定语,数词和做高级后常接不定式，如 the first, the second, the last, the best 等； 2. 有些名词后常接不定式，如： time, way, right, chance, reason等。,Columbus was the first _(discover) the New Continent.,to discover,d. 不定式作状语,表示目的，结果和原因； 常用的表示目的的短语有：to do, in order (not) to do, so as (not) to do,e. 补充,happen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely 等动词的复合结构中，不定式多用 完成时态； 2. be + easy / diff