虚拟语气的“四种形式”及“三点注意”课件.ppt

1、虚拟语气的 “四种形式”及“四点注意”,虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是几乎所有英语考试都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道： If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be,一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式 （1）条件从句+主句 （2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型 （3）wish, as if 及if only等 的虚拟形式

2、（4）It is （high/about）time结构 和情态动词用于虚拟语气 二、注意虚拟语气的四种活用现象 （1）含蓄条件句 （2）时间错综句 （3）虚实错综句 （4）倒装条件句,TEM 4 真题,1. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he_ able to advise you much better than I can.(真题2003) A . would be B . will have been C. was D. were 2. All of us would have enjoyed the party mu

3、ch more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.（真题2000） A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be,1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have burnt D. would not burnt 2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.

4、A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the f

5、ilms so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not 5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,6.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succe

6、ed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed 7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken 8.If it _ tom

7、orrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain 9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being,1. 动词 + 宾语从句 一个坚持：insist;

8、两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.,虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形,2. It is (was) + 上述动词的

9、过去分词 + that 主语从句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.,虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形,3. It is (was) + important / necessary / imperative/appropriate/ advisable/ desirable/ vital urgent/ preferable /essential/ better / strange / sur

10、prising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句 1. It is best that he (should) set off at once. 2. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts. 3. It is imperative that the government_ more investment into the ship building industry.（真题2006） A. attracts B. shall attra

11、ct C. attract D. has to,4. order 等 + be + 表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. His only request is that you (should) give him more time. 5. order 等 + 同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?,上述结构中常用的名词有： /advice/ d

12、ecision /demand/ desire/ idea/ motion/ proposal/ pray/ resolution/ request等。,虚拟语气形式： (should) + 动词原形,例：He left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.(真题1997) A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be,1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends

13、for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be 3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be

14、 putting,5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set 6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be 7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A. w

15、ill be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start 8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey,wish, as if 以及 if only 的虚拟形式： 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。 随“时”变化的几种用法：,I wish I knew his address. (But I dont know

16、his address.) I wish I had been there. I wish he would try again.,在would rather, would (just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer等从句中，指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语应该用虚拟语气。,She says shed rather he left tomorrow instead of today. Id as soon you hadnt spoken rudely to her. (Notice: would rather, would (just

17、) as soon 等直接和动词连用，则要用动词原形，表示主语本身“宁愿要做某事”。I would rather go there tomorrow. ),if only引导的感叹句表示 “但愿”、“要是就好了”，用法和I wish基本相同，但更具感情色彩。,If only he had followed your advice! If only I were taller. If only the rain would stop.,Though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however, whetherbe等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可

18、以使用虚拟语气，但主语一般用陈述语气。,例:,_ I will marry him all the same.（真题2004） Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor,In case, for fear that, lest 引导目的状语从句表示“以防万一”，“唯恐、免得”，虚拟语气形式为“（should）+动词原形”,He took the raincoat with him lest it (should) rain.,1.I wish I _ you

19、 yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. ha

20、d gone ; came D. go ; come 4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do 6. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead

21、of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.（真题2007） A. had received B. receive C. should receive D. were receiving,It is time that 的虚拟形式 It is time that It is high time that It is about time that,谓语动词的虚拟形式为： 动词过去式 (be 多为were),It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：,It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It

22、 is time for sth. / doing sth. It is the first time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时),That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.（真题2005） betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayed took D. has betrayed take,1.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught B. ca

23、ught C. will catch D. catch 2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began 3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. go D. will go 4.It is time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum,情态动词用于虚拟语气,neednt have done表示过去做了某事，但却完全没

24、有必要,You neednt have done all those calculations, we have a computer to do that sort of thing.,2. cant/couldnt have done表示推测某种动作不可能发生。,The room is in a terrible mess, it cant have been cleaned.,3. May/might have done表示对过去事情的推测。,He might have finished his homework.,情态动词用于虚拟语气,4. must have done表示对过去事实的

25、肯定推测。 Marys score on the test is the highest in her class; she must have studied very hard. 5. should/ would have done表示本该干某事却没有干。 She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.（真题2007） A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been,（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表

26、述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。,含蓄条件句的引导词有but for, without, with, in the absence of, under, but, or , but that, otherwise, supposing, provided等,But for their help, I would not have finished the task. = If it had not been for their help, I would not have finished the task. We would have won

27、 the game. (If something unexpected had not happened),（一）、含蓄条件句,1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might

28、 say D. might have said,Without electricity = If there were no electricity,（二）、时间错综句 当主从句动作发生时间不一致时，主句和从句各自的谓语形式要根据它们动作发生的时间按照上述原则作适当调整。常见的混合时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。例如：,If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.,If I had not studied English, I would never be here to teach you grammar today.,对过去事实进行虚拟,对现在的事实进行虚拟,（二）、时间错综句,1. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?（真题2004） A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been suprised 2.If the flower had