高中英语语法虚拟语气课件

1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,非高考考点,1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。(课本P86) 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did / were,had done,would/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would

2、/could/should/might + V.(原),1. If I had money, I would build a school for these poor children. 2. If I were you, I would forgive him. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made this mistake. 4. If he had been there, he would have made things worse.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5. If it should rain tomorr

3、ow, they wouldnt go shopping. 6. I think we could finish the work, if we planned it properly . 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与未来事实相反,假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for

4、 your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should w

5、e do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,6.without和but for ，otherwise构成含蓄虚拟(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in

6、 the desert. Well go earlier, otherwise we might not get a seat.,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词 发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。,* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：,If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B.

7、will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,A,如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学 生，四年后就会大学毕业了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years tim

8、e.,二、虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish + 宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来),2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist(坚持主张、认为,坚持说) 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise,

9、suggest（建议；暗示，表明）, propose 四个要求：demand , require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。 他坚持决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners

10、(should) be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a

11、 week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,3. would rather that -,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now. (现在),I would rather you had gone, too. (过去),Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,4. as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,

12、He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,5. If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! I

13、f only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train! (同wish),现在:过去式,过去:had+过去分词,6.Its (about/high) time +that -,should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high ti

14、me that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,7. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary tha

15、t we should study hard.,8.Would you mind if.? if从句中使用过去式，表示请求许可 eg.Would you mind if I opened the window? Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door? 10.表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气 (1)用原形 God bless you. (2)may+动词原形 May you have a long and happy life!,9 情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have

16、done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - would have done 本来会去做-(1.应该),1. 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You _ her the truth . 2.我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。 I _clean the windows . My brother did it.,3.我没有足够的钱否则我会

17、买那本书的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I _that book.,shouldnt have told/ought not to have told,didnt need to,would have bought,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken He talked as if he _ for years. A. is living

18、there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there,If there were no subjunctive mood, English _much easier. A. will be B. would be C. could have been D. would have been,Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been,_ today, he would g

19、et there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave,He treated me as though _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were,6,_ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must,Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved

20、B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved,7,8,-Have you ever been to Beijing? -No, but I wish I _ . A. have B. will C. do D. had,I wish I _ there then. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be,9,10,She was so upset that she burst into tears. Id rather you _ her all about it. A. didnt

21、 tell B. hadnt told C. dont tell D. wont tell,11,1. 我希望自己是一只鸟儿.(wish) I wish I were a bird. 2.如果我有钱，我会为这些贫困的孩子们建一所学校。 If I had money, I would build a school for these poor children. 3.我宁愿你现在呆在家里。(would rather) I would rather you stayed home now. 4.如果你听了医生的话，你现在就全好了。 If you had listened to the doctor

22、, you would be all right now. 5.现在仿佛是春天了。(as if) It seems as if it were spring.,Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set,She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. l