非谓语动词-西安电子科技大学

1、Sec.1 The infinitive,As the subject,It is necessary/possible/a simple matter to do sth. It proves convenient to do sth. It helps/works/suffices to do sth. It takes sb. st. to do sth./It does sb. good to do sth. It +passive voice+ to do sth.,Translation,我们必须掌握好基尔霍夫定律。 科学家不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。 证明这个公式成立就留作习题。

2、若想要增加热流，就需要增大hS积。,As the object,这一问题值得研究。 这就使得确定目标的方位容易了 。 我们认为必须确定这个角度。,As the predicative,When the subject is “task/duty/purpose/objective/goal”,As the adverbial,Mainly expressing purpose 为此 我们做了许多实验来检验这一理论。 计算机被用来存储信息。,As the attribute,Expressing 将，将要 R是所要测定的电阻。 要执行的程序储存在这一单元中。 When the noun is m

3、odified by an ordinal number 第一个使用这个方法的人 When the root of the noun is collocated with an infinite phrase: 做某事的能力/决定/计划,Special case when the infinitive phase is used as an attribute,Will you please give me a pen to write with? Each member has a switch with which to indicate a Yes or No vote.,Transla

4、tion,这山谷用作为建坝的基础. 这实验室中有许多种仪表供学生选用。,The complex infinitive,Try to translate the following sentence,为了使晶体管（能够）正常工作，必须给其电极加上合适的电压。,More examples For the arithmetic unit to be able to do its required task, it must be told what to do. For there to be life, there must be air and water.,Translation,为使该级数收

5、敛, x必须小于1。 为使该电流达到其最大值，,The reflexive infinitive,This concept is very easy _ (understand). We find this theory difficult _ (explain).,Translation,操作系统应该易于设计，实现和维护。 分时系统建立起来是很贵的。,Some set phrases,The ability/capacity of to do The tendency of to do The desire of to do,Translation,人类要成功地控制自然界的各种力的愿望，一直

6、是整个历史进步的催化剂。 有好几个因素影响电容器储存电荷的能力。 弹性可以被定义为物体在形变后恢复其原状的趋势。,Sec. 2 The participle,As an modifier,Mistakes Chinese students often make: 所产生的电流: the resulted current 所存在的问题: the problem existed 保留下来的问题 the problem remained,The differences between the present participle and the past participle as seen fro

7、m their forms,A writing technique,A Chinese version with a verb and “的” can, in most cases, be translated into a participle or participle phrase.,Translation,运动的电子 用在这个实验中的方法 所施加的电压 使用本书的读者,The position of the participle as an attribute,Common cases,Single participles: premodifier Participle phrases

8、: postmodifier,Special cases,A single participle, especially a past participle, may be used as a postmodifier.,Translation,所使用的方法 已知的元素 所讨论的问题,A past participle phase with the participle modified by an adverb may be used as a premodifier.,Translation,众所周知的事实 最近发现的现象 新建的一个计算中心 为了商业用途而制作的影片,乘以/除以 减去 F

9、lexible translation: 速度的增加，容量的扩大,As the object complement,Mistake correction: His words made me be hurt.,As the adverbial,Mistake correction: Finishing this chapter, you will understand this principle.,Translation:,西安电子科技大学位于西安市南郊，它大大地促进了这一地区的发展。 这种仪器通常被称为链式起重机(chain hoist)，它被用在工厂中来提起重物。,A writing t

10、echnique,If two coordinate sentences have the same subject, replace one of them with a participle phrase if possible.,Make a comparison of the writing technique here with that mentioned in the “Adjectives” part and that in the “Nouns” part.,The absolute participle,This done, the function becomes muc

11、h simpler. The transistor consists of three parts, emitter, base, and collector, the base region being very thin.,The with-construction,随着温度的升高(three versions) 让我们以原点为圆心、作一个半径为R的圆。,每个行星都以椭圆形的轨道围绕太阳旋转，太阳在该椭圆的一个焦点上。 这个力可以被分解为两个分量，其中一个是垂直的，另一个是水平的。,A writing technique,If two coordinate sentences have d

12、ifferent subjects, replace one of them with an absolute structure or with-structure.,Make a comparison of the writing technique here with that mentioned in the “Adjectives” part, the “Nouns” part and the “particles” part.,Without,如果没有空气来保存太阳的一些热量的话，地球将冷得无法居住。 Without the air to hold some of the suns

13、 heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, too cold for us to live. 如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害气体，人类将无法生存。 Without the green plant to produce oxygen constantly and absorb harmful gases, it would be impossible for human beings to exist.,Sec. 3 The gerund,A gerund owns both the features of a noun and t

14、he features of a verb, which means: it may act as the subject, object (including the object of a preposition) or predicative of a sentence; it has its tenses; voices and sometimes logical object.,As the subject,It is no use doing sth. It is no good doing sth. It is a waste of time doing sth.,A quest

15、ion,How to translate such sentences as “干某事是的”？,As the object,Consider/avoid doing sth. By/in doing sth,A question,How to translate such sentences as “而没（不）干某事”？,Several sentence patterns: There is no use in doing sth. spend time (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth./with sth. have difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth.,The complex gerund,你不介